Background: Shoulder pain is a common secondary complication of hemiplegia patients after stroke. To treat and rehabilitate shoulder pain is not only helpful to the recovery of movements for the arms, hands and keeping balance, but also to relieve the pain for patients. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence, risk factors of shoulder pain of hemiplegia patients after a stroke; and (2) To assess the treatment results of shoulder pain in hemiplegia patients after a stroke. Subjects: 110 stroke-related hemiplegia patients with the mean age of 60.2 years, treated at the Rehabilitation Department, Bach Mai Hospital from March to November 2007. Method: Descriptive, prospective, interventional study. Data was analyzed by Epi-Info software, version 6.13. Results and conclusion: The prevalence of shoulder pain was 47.27%.Risk factors of shoulder pain were the level of arm movement (r= - 0.75) and duration of disease (r= 0.53). After 1 month of treatment and rehabilitation, compare with the self-exercise group. The level of arm movement and shoulder pain of the intervention group were significantly improved.
shoulder pain ; hemiplegia

Study was performed in the mountainous district of Mai Son and the plain district of Vinh Bao. 560 health workers at commune level were interviewed by a questionnaire designed of opened and semi opened questions on the skill and the practices of these workers. The authors showed that the knowledges and the skills on health education of health workers are very limited. High percentages of them have no awareness on the skills, the contents, and the management of their duty. This issue raises the necessary of train and retrains for these health workers on health education and manage of this activity
Medical Staff, Healthy Worker Effect, Knowledge

The research studied practice real situation basic skills in health care for children of mothers and analysed few of factors related to lacks of knowledge, attitude and practice of the mothers. Objects were mothers having under 5 years old children. The research used descriptive method. The result showed that: Mother’s knowledge and practice by these 12 skills at both provinces achieved is low level. There are differences between mothers’s knowledge and practice. The low level of these skills and the differences showed more significantly in mountainous province. The IEC activities in both provinces showed not effectively. Local health workers did not pay enough attention to IEC, especially to counseling mothers to care healthy and sick children.
Mothers ; Child ; Delivery of Health Care

Background: There are many methods used in epidemiological studies of tuberculosis (TB) bacteria but Spoligotyping method is widely used with high accuracy, simple procedure, and carried out on strains containing a little of IS6110 segment \r\n', u'Objectives: To improve Spoligotyping technique and apply this technique to classify Mycobacterium tuberculosis\r\n', u'Subjects and method: Subjects and methods: The study included 12 medical waste samples collected at Thai Binh Hospital of Tuberculosis and 19 samples obtained from the The Hanoi Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. Spoligo model of 31 samples were analyzed based on Spotclust and SpoIDB4 database and divided up into family and subfamily.\r\n', u'Results: Spoligotyping technique has good results with the PCR product amplified 40 cycles and presented the film in 18 hours. Obtained results in 31 medical waste samples belong to 4 families: Beijing, EAI, T1 and H3-LAM9. EAI and Beijing are dominant families with 45.16% and 38.7%), respectively. T1 and H3-LAM9 are 12.9% and 3.22%, respectively. The number of samples in the study is little but the obtained rate of different spoligo models of strains are quite diversified (41.9%)\r\n', u'Conclusion: This result is relatively appropriate with previous studies on the distribution of EAI and Beijing families in Vietnam and the world. Spligotyping technique distinguished samples belonging to Beijing or non-Beijing families, which support for clinical treatment and development of new vaccines.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis

Background: Recently, microplate almar blue assay has been used commonly in detecting gen related to tuberculosis drug resistance, which provides results after 5-7 days with lower cost compared to traditional methods. Objective: To evaluate the application of microplate almar blue assay for rapid detection of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains. Subject and Method: A microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent - an oxidation reduction dye (MABA), was used for the determination of the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid-INH, rifampicine-RIF, streptomycine-STR and ethabuton=EMB) resistance of 96 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Vietnamese patients in comparison to those obtained by conversional method. Result: MABA showed to have high sensitivity and specificity in testing the sensitivity to individual anti-tuberculosis drugs (from 82.4% for STR to 93.3% for - INH and from 82.5% for EMB to 98.4% for STR; respectively), as well as for the multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis (86.4% of sensitivity), highly correlated with the result determined by proportion method. Conclusion: MABA reveals the advantage in shortening test time, in simple performance and lower cost compared with the conversional culture based methods.
Microplate almar blue assay ; M. tuberculosis ; drug resistance

Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.
Animals ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Cognition ; Glycyrrhiza ; Hippocampus ; In Vitro Techniques ; Learning ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Memory ; Mice* ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate* ; Response Elements