Study on 1006 women experienced natural menopause who were living in Tu Liem, Hanoi in the year 2004. Results: Average menopausal age of these women was 47.87± 3.4. There were some common symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction (hot flush) 46.6%; 51.6% of menopausal women had sexual intercourse, with vaginal dryness and pain during sexual intercourse occurred in 61.7% of them; decrease in libido 95.8%, hysteroptosia 11.3%, especially prolapse of inferior vagina (4.4%).
Postmenopause ; Women ; Epidemiology

61 children with the deep burn (male: 40; female: 21), avarage ages of 6.3 the avarage burn area: 33%; the avarage deep burn area: 21% were admitted after 10 days of burn participated to a study. The results have shown that the highest rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa reported, there were no change of microorganism in the burn area before and after the necrosis removal. The density of microbial per one gram of the necrosis tissues after the necrosis removal reduced in significantly. There was a linear relation between the density of microbial in the burn tissues, the clinical infective symptoms and the rate of the septicemia in the deep burn. The technique of the method of the quantitative analysis of microbials/one gram tissue had a high confidence.
burns ; surgery ; Necrosis

22 pediatric patients with the deep burn at grade VII (male: 15) received complete and early necrotic removal and one-stage thin cutaneous transplantation have shown that the technique reduced the edema, fluid excretion and local pus and shortened the duration for burn healing comparing with the necrotic removal and waiting for the generation of granular tissue to transplant. The study concluded that it should remove radically the necrosis, prevent from blood clotting in the transplant and operate within the first 7 days of burn.
burns, therapeutics

Study on 17 pediatric patients aged from 1 to 12 years of old, 14 boys and 3 girls. Burn-caused agents were dry heat, wet-heat and chemicals. Patients were divided randomly into 2 groups: Group A (Study group) involved 10 patients with mean age of 5 years, average common burn area was 41% of body area and deep burn area was 35% of body area. Group B (control group) included 7 patients with mean age of 6 years. The average common burn area of these patients was 48% of body area and the deep burn area was 34%. In group A, the bacterial infection incidence was lower markedly than group B (p<0.05). P. aeruginosa caused sepsis had highest incidence (66.6%) in patients with positive culture. Skin implantation produced good and moderate results in group A. 10 patients received skin allograft in 16 operations. Mean time survival of skin grafts is 14.92 days.
burns, (Transplantation, Homologous)

This study was carried out on 91 participants. They were divided into 2 groups: 60 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus, aged more than 40 years were involved in one group and 31 non-diabetics matched by age were served as control group. Symptoms and complications of diabetes were determined by physical examination. Waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI and waist to hip ratio was calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerid, HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo A2. The total cholesterol to HDL-C and Apo A1 to Apo A2 ratios were calculated from the result of lipid parameters. The findings of research suggested that the lipoprotein profile in type 2 diabetics was characterized by elevation of serum triglyceride, lowering in HDL-C and increasing in total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio. Most of patients a moderate BMI (53.44%) but the central obesity was common (63.71%). The waist circumference was positively correlated with triglyceride concentration (r = 0.3). The waist to hip ratio was negatively correlated with HDL-C concentration (r = -0.45) and positively correlated with total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (r = 0.3).
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Lipids

Vitamin E is a genetic term for a group of tocol and tocotrienol derivatives. Since the discovery that vitamin E is the major lipid soluble antioxidant in skin, this substance has been tried for the treatment of almost every type of skin lession imaginable. This report claims that oral Enat 400 (natural vitamin E) speeds wound healing and improves the comestic outcome of demis and epidemis burning wounds in female patients (from 18-55 of age).
Vitamin E ; Wounds and Injuries ; Burns

Background:Hypovolemia is a common cause of hypotension and low cardiac index (CI) in cardiac surgery but no hemodynamic parameters reflect this status well. The accurate diagnosis of hypovolemia is important because the wrong treatment will cause ineffectiveness and bad consequences such as severe heart failure, pulmonary edema, ... Objectives: To evaluate the performance of diagnostic characteristics of the trendelenburg 300 test for hypovolemia in cardiac surgery. Subjects and method: The prospective, cross \ufffd?sectional and randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was conducted on 30 patients (18 males, 12 females and average age 47,17 \xb1 13,93) undergoing valvular repair/replacement or coronary revascularization. The Swan \ufffd?Ganz catheters were placed in 20 patients and PiCCO catheters in 10 patients. Trendelenburg 300 test is considered positive if blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), CI and intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) increase. Results: The hypovolemic status in cardiac surgical patients is diagnosed if BP and/or CI increase in trendelenburg 300 position (Se 87.5% and 65.63%; Sp 100% and 75%, area under ROC 0.83 and 0.81, respectively). Conclusion: The increases in BP and CI responding to trendelenburg 300 position are good indicators of hypovolemia in cardiac surgery.
Hypovolemia/ diagnosis ; Head-Down Tilt ; Thoracic Surgery ;

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs. Most people who develop symptoms of a tuberculosis infection first became infected in the past. However, in some cases, the disease may become active within weeks after the primary infection. Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Subjects and method: A retrospective study included 196 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis hospitalized in Department of Respiratory of Bach Mai Hospital in 2 years (2002 - 2003). Patients\ufffd?information of medical records was collected. Results and conclusions: 60.7% of patients were male and 39.3% were female. Tuberculous pleurisy was 59%, parenchymal lung tuberculosis 36%, and the others 5%. Clinical signs and symptoms included chest pain 67.9%, dyspnea 61.2%, cough 72.9% (nonproductive cough: 42.3%; productive cough: 30.6%), fever 61.2%. Dull to flat percussion, decreased to absent breath sound and fremitus 65.3% (89% tuberculous pleurisy). 27.6% of patients had positive AFB evident (smear, bronchial lavage fluid). The first line drugs were usually used in treatment of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis ; Pulmonary/ diagnosis ; therapy

Background: Hypertensive with impaired fasting glucose is the basic expression of metabolic syndrome. Objectives: To study the IR and the correlation between Fasting Plasma Insulin (FPI) and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) concentration in hypertensive patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG). Subjects and method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 38 hypertensive patients with IFG (IFG group) and 30 hypertensive patients without IFG (control group). The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. Results:The FPI and IR index in the IFG group were 14.6+/-5.2 micro mol/ml and 3. 94+/- l.40, respectively, higher than in the control group (9.6+/-4.2 micro mol/ml and 2.17+/-0.99/ respectively) with p<0.00l. There was a positive correlation between FPI and FPG systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure/ with correlation coefficients were 0.4/ 0.48 and 0.46/ respectively (p<0.00l). Conclusion: There was an increase of FPI and IR index in the hypertensive patients with IFG compared to those without IFG. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Insulin resistance ; hypertensive patients ; impaired fasting glucose.

Background: In Vietnam, Dengue Fever/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DF/DHF) is one of ten contagious diseases causing epidemics with the highest prevalence.\r\n', u'Objectives: To describe some characteristics of DF/DHF epidemic in Khanhhoa province in 2005. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The descriptive study based on available data obtained from the surveillance reporting system.\r\n', u'Results: Total reported cases were: 5.365 (morbidity rate = 469.58 per 100.000) and 4 deaths (CFR = 0,074%).446 of 1.661 Mac Elisa tested cases were positives (positively = 26.9%). The positive cases in male were higher than that in female. Almost all of the positive cases were less than 15 years of age. Virus serotype D1 and D2 were isolated in the epidemic. 5 of 7 districts (except 2 mountainous districts) had outbreaks. The epidemic started in April and stopped in December. Ninhhoa district was the first location of the outbreak and Vanninh district was the last one. Geographical distribution of the epidemic was as follows: costal communes=54.6%, delta communes = 30.3%, urban communes =15.1%. The epidemic level was medium (>20% - <50% of communes having the epidemic). "Pilot intervention communes" had 4 times the higher risk of DF/DHF than "non pilot intervention communes". \r\n', u'Conclusions: IEC activities for preventing DF/DHF should be strengthened. For maintaining the low mosquito and breutau index, we need routine preventive actions. Authorities need to consider and to consolidate the activities of Pilot intervention communes. Coastal communes should be supplied with running water. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever ; epidemic