Study on all in-patients treated at Kidney Department of Bach Mai Hospital from 2000 to 2002, which divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 38 patients with lupus nephritis and nephrotic syndrome, group 2 included 45 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Results: most of primary NS occurred before the age of 50 years old (95.6%), there was no difference between male and female. NS due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had multiple clinical signs and was more severe than in primary NS. The prevalence of renal impairment in both primary and secondary NS was high (44.4% and 55.3%, respectively). The serum protein concentration in primary NS was significant lower than secondary NS (p<0.01). Nevertheless, serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C concentrations in primary NS were significant higher than secondary NS (p<0.01). In primary NS, the rate of minimal change glomerulonephritis was highest (51.1%), but in secondary NS, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis accounted for highest rate (63.2%). In type IV in secondary NS due to SLE, there were symptoms of hypertension, renal failure, hemorrhage and the histological damages were more severe than in other types (p<0.05). Histological lesions in secondary membrane and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis due to SLE were more severe than primary diseases.
Nephrotic Syndrome, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Adult, Diagnosis

Background: In Vietnam, the proportion infertile couples was about 7-10% of reproductive couples. Assisted reproductive technologies appeared and expanded rapidly. In 1970, sperm preparation techniques were found out, artificial insemination became widespread. Sperm preparation stage is very important in assisted reproductive techniques and increasingly improved. Objectives: To compare the efficiency of two sperm preparation techniques: swim \ufffd?up and discontinuous density gradient. Subjects and method: This was a cross-sectional described study included 30 normal semen samples were chosen based on WHO 1999 criteria. We examined sperm vitality, concentration, motility, morphology before and after applied these techniques. Results: Both procedures resulted in a significant higher percentage of vitality, motility, morphology compared with the original semen sample (p<0.01), but the concentration reduced approximately 5 times from whole semen to sediment when swim \ufffd?up was used and 3 times with density gradient, the difference was statically significant (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Normal semen should be prepared by these method. But in oligozoospermic man, to obtain a higher concentration of sperm, semen should be prepared by density gradient method.
Spermatozoa ; Centrifugation ; Density Gradient ;

Background: Child health care practices in the context of households and community is an important factor to improving the health of children. Some indexes were proposed by the World Health Organization to evaluate these practices. Objectives: To describe the knowledge and practice of pregnant women, under-5-year-old children\u2019s health care and assess the application of the survey toolkit in evaluating various indexes of healthcare practice at family and community levels. Subjects and method: By employing a structured interview, this cross-sectional survey has been conducted in Tu Liem district - Hanoi city and Tien Hai district \u2013 Thai Binh province. 120 mothers of under-5-year-old children participated in the survey. Results:98% of mothers had at least 3 antenatal visits during pregnancy. The rate of complete tetanus vaccination reached 43.3% in Tu Liem and 65% in Tien Hai. Prevalence of infant with low birth weight for age accounted for 8.3% in both districts. The percentage of children given complementary feeding at age of 6 to 9 months as the National Nutrition Program recommendations was only 30%. 65.7% and 68.5% of under-2-year-old children in Tu Liem and Tien Hai were breastfed within the first 30 minutes after delivery. There were a small proportion of mothers who gave complementary food either too early or too late, 8.3% and 8.4% in Tu Liem, 6.7% and 6.6% in Tien Hai, respectively. More than 90% of children were given normal feeding as usual during last their illness, but only 50% of children were given more fluid than usual. 98.2% of mothers knew 2 signs to immediately bring the child to health facilities. The most common injuries in under-5-year-old children were animal bites (62.5%) and falling (31.3%), however only 62.5% of mothers knew at least two measures of injury prevention. Conclusion: The toolkit for collecting data of practical index assessment can be applied at communes.
child health care ; practice ; knowledge

Background: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS. This virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their baby during pregnancy or delivery, as well as through breast-feeding. Objectives:To study the CCR5- 32 and SDF 1-3 A allelic frequence in the HIV -1 infected mothers and their children. Subjects and method: Amplificated on CCR5 and SDF1 gene by PCR and restriction of this fragment length polymorphisme (RLFP) assay for detection of the mutated gene by EcoR1 and Hpall. Results: No mutation of CCR5 was found but only mutation identified at the SDF1 gene. Mutation identified at the SDF1 gene of the mother was: homozygote 2.7% (accounted for 2/37 cases), heterozygote 40.54% (accounted for 15/37 cases) and at the children: homozygote 5.4% (accounted for 1/37 cases), heterozygote 45.95% (accounted for 17/37 cases). The CCR5 chemokin receptor is a co-receptor for M trofic HIV-1 strains, which predominate in the early stage of the HIV disease and SDF-1 natural ligand for the CXCR4 reception. The mutation of these genes protect from HIV-1 infection (slow progression).\r\n', u'Conclusion: It\u2019s necessary to find the mutation of CCR5 and CCR2b related the progression of HIV patients. \r\n', u'
HIV-1/ metabolism ; Receptors ; CCR5

Background: DNA biosensor is based on micro-nano technologies aimed at developing a rapid diagnostic device of infectious diseases and diseases related to genetic change. Biosensors are compact size, high sensitivity and low cost\r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate effect of biosensor in detecting specific gene fragments of Herpes Simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV)\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The electrical signals were recognized by means of transducer and from electrochemical detection of the hybridization between the probe 5\ufffd?AT CAC CGA CCC GGA GAG GGA C-3\ufffd?which were covalently immobilised onto the surface of micro electrodessensors in 3-aminopropyltri-ethoxysilance (APTS)-the conducting polymer matrix and the target (specific DNA sequences of HSV in the sample.\r\n', u'Results: The DNA sensor offers a very high sensitivity, a fast response time, less than 1 min with the DNA target concentration up to 1nM in aqueous media at room temperature.However, in order to detect target DNA in the real samples, samples must be extracted DNA, denatured DNA sequences from a double fiber to single fiber. The measurement should be done soon\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results show a large promise to develop quickly DNA sensors for widely application in bio-medical research \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Biosensing Techniques ; CNBP protein ; human ;

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.
HIP expression ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: In recent years, due to the outbreak of new infectious diseases, re-emerging diseases and bio-terrorist threats, the biological safety for laboratories is essential\r\n', u'Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practices related to biosafety of researchers in microbiological laboratories\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study was carried out in the period 2006-2007. Questionnaires and checklists were used for the direct interview the knowledge and observe the practices related to biological safety of 97 laboratory technicians from microbiology laboratories of 22 provincial centers for preventive medicine, which represent for all areas in Vietnam.\r\n', u'Results: The percentage of technicians defines correctly the hazardous groups of some common pathogens are 8.2-33%. The percentage of technicians define correctly the transmission routes of Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococus, Streptococcus are 1%, 15% and 19.6%, respectively. The opinion that thay can wear the laboratory blouse out of laboratories, bring personal belongings into the laboratory and pipeting by mouth are 21.6%, 50.5% and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding laboratory practices: The percentage of technicians does not use gloves is 37.8%; pipeting by mouth: 22.6%. Over 40% technicians do not disinfect working area or washing hands with alcohol after experiments\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results of this study are a basis for planning programs to train, supervise and improve the operational quality of the microbiological laboratory of the provincial preventive health care centers.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Biotechnology/ standards ; Safety/ standards ;

In this report, we investigated the antioxidant (peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing capacities) and anti-osteoporotic activities of extracts and isolated constituents (1 - 16) from the rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker on pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 5 exhibited significant peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity, with TE value of 8.47 ± 0.52 µM, while compound 13 showed significant reducing capacity, with CUPRAC value of 5.66 ± 0.26 µM, at 10.0 µM. In addition, flavonoid compounds 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and terpene compound 15 showed significant inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells, with values ranging from 16.97 ± 1.02 to 64.67 ± 2.76%. These results indicated that K. parviflora could be excellent sources for the antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic traditional medicinal plants.
Acid Phosphatase ; Osteoclasts ; Plants, Medicinal ; Rhizome* ; Zingiberaceae*

In our search for natural soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors from plants, an extract of the dried whole plants of Euphorbia supina Rafin was found to significantly inhibit sEH activity in vitro. Phytochemical investigation of E. supina resulted in isolation of 17 compounds (1 - 17), including triterpenes (1 - 4), phenolic compounds (5 - 8), and flavonoid derivatives (9 - 17). The structures of the isolated compounds were established mainly by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, and MS data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their sEH inhibitory activity. Among the isolated phenolic compounds, 8 was identified as a significant inhibitor of sEH, with an IC50 value of 15.4 +/- 1.3 microM. Additionally, a kinetic analysis of isolated compounds (2, 5, 8 - 11, 13, and 17) indicated that the inhibitory effects of flavonoid derivatives 10 and 11 were of mixed-type, with inhibitory constants (Ki) ranging from 3.6 +/- 0.8 to 21.8 +/- 1.0 microM, whereas compounds 2, 5, 8, 9, 13, and 17 were non-competitive inhibitors with inhibition Ki values ranging from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 39.5 +/- 0.0 microM.
Euphorbia* ; Euphorbiaceae ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Phenol ; Triterpenes

Phytochemical investigation of Kandelia candel resulted in the isolation of six triterpenes (1 - 5) and two glyceryl glycosides (6 and 7) and their structures were determined by comparing the spectroscopic data with those of reported values. In present study, we described the inhibitory effects of fractions and isolated compounds from K. candel on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Results indicated that compounds 3, 6, and 7 showed potent inhibition on IL-6 production (IC50 values at less than 0.5 microM, respectively). Meanwhile, compounds 6 and 7 exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the production of TNF-alpha (IC50 values of 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 5.5 +/- 0.2 microM). Compounds 1 and 3 were also showed the inhibitory effects on IL-12 p40 production (IC50 values of 8.9 +/- 0.4 and 3.3 +/- 0.1 microM, respectively).
Cytokines ; Dendritic Cells ; Glycosides* ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-6 ; Rhizophoraceae* ; Triterpenes* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha