A retrospective study on abruptio placenta was conducted at the Institute for the Protection of Mother and Newborn. Seventy-one among 40,962 deliveries between 1995 and 1999 were defined as abruptio placenta, giving a rate of 0.17%. Of the abruptio placenta cases, moderate and severe conditions were more common, accounting for 73.2%. A majority of the abruptio placenta cases (88.7%) was managed by cesarean section. Hysterectomy accounted for 33.8% among abruptio placenta cases. The study showed that obstetrical intervention of choice in the moderate and severe conditions is cesarean section.
Abruptio Placentae ; Vietnam

We selected randomly 368 patients including 162 males and 206 females. Mean age are 57.91+/- 11.81 years (41 to 80 years). There are 244 hypertensive patients (66.49%); 312 patients with increase of intima thickness (84.78%); 173 patients with plaque on the arterial wall (47.4%). The intima median thickness is 1.17 +/- 0.347 mm. For patients upon 30 years either the normal or high blood pressure, the older they are, the higher the risk of the injured arteial wall is. An aldult upon 30 years without hypertension is still able to have 73.7% of atherosclerosis (p<0.001). The arterial wall of male is often easily effected more than of female (p<0.001).
Arteriosclerosis ; diagnosis

We study 101 subjects including 44 men and 60 women who were defined that they got Atherosclerosis by vascular ultrasound. Upper 80% in the population are the middle aged and elderly subjects. The average of age: 61+/-9.32.The important measurable risk factor of atherosclerosis is disorders of lipid metabolism, the second is hypertension, the third is diabetes. The significant clinical event of atherosclerosis vascular disease is myocardial ischemia. The ratio of different cardiovascular and neurological events is relatively low, approximately 4-8%. We use simvastatin, fibrate, acid folic and omega 3 as therapeutic intervention on atherosclotic lesions.
Artherosclerosis ; therapeutics

From Aug-2000 to Aug-2003 at HCM City Blood Transfusion and Hematology hospital, 31 cases of endoscopic splenectomy were studied to evaluate the effect of this surgery to treat chronical immuno-thrombocytopenic purpurea once corticotherapy and immunosupressive therapy failed. Results showed that one year after splenectomy, 64,52 – 76,92%, and 2 years after, 50% of cases had had completely positive response. There was absolute failure in 38,7% of cases within 3 first months, but from the 4th month, there was no relapse case. A half number of patients with failed splenectomy had had quick response to corticotherapy more.The duration of treatment was short, endoscopic splenectomy was safe. There was no death. No case of blood transfusion was needed. There were no complications
Splenectomy ; Therapeutics ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic

Background: Like other countries in the world, Vietnam has seen the appearance of many infectious diseases such as SARS, influenza A/H1N1. Therefore, monitoring and quick response to infectious diseases, increasingly require enhancing the capacity of test systems. \r\n', u'Objectives: To determine the capacity for microbiological diagnosis and etiology of communicable diseases at the provincial centers for preventive medicine.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: With the application of the cross-sectional approach, the study was conducted on microbiology diagnostic capacity for communicable diseases surveillance and response system in 55 Provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PPMCs)\r\n', u'Results: Laboratory testing and confirmation (isolation and bio-chemical tests, gram stain) are only available for common nitrobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Shigella, Salmonella, and some of the respiratory bacteria as streptococcus, meningococcus, etc... in most PPMCs. ELISA/MACELISA technique for detecting virus pathogen such as Arbo viruses (Dengue, Japanese B encephalitis) and Hepatitis B, HIV is also a focus of these PPMCs. However, for diseases caused by other viruses like Polio, Rota, measles, influenza, PPMCs have only the ability to collect specimens. \r\n', u'Conclusions: Most of the cases reported in the surveillance reports are based on clinical signs, only. Case confirmation was done by hospital/regional or national laboratory. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
microbiological diagnosis ; provincial centers for preventive medicine

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women worldwide.\r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer and its preventive measures among the parents of young adolescent girls. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tuliem District, Hanoi and Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh city. By employing a structured interview there have been 218 fathers/mothers of young adolescent girls at secondary school age (11to14 years old) participated in the survey. \r\n', u"Results: There was a limitation in the respondents' understanding about cervical cancer. Although 83% parents have been aware of cervical cancer and 89% considered it as a fatal disease, nearly a half of them does not know any symptoms of the disease. Similarly, inadequate knowledge on causes and risk factors of the disease has been common among respondents. Only 25% of parents are aware of HPV and few knew about the transmission route of this virus. HPV vaccines are still very new for parents. Only 29.8% of interviewees have heard about HPV vaccines. However, 74.3% parents have expressed a wish to have their daughters vaccinated, once HPV vaccines are introduced in Vietnam. \r\n", u'Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer among parents of young adolescent girls in these district were quite limited\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
cervical cancer ; knowledge ; attitude ; practice

Background: Investment to meet the man power requirements are recognized as urgent; especially to efficiently implement the National Strategy of Preventive Medicine. To strengthen the capability of provincial preventive medicine centers, the Ministry of Health has approved Decision No 05/2006QD-BYT for functions, tasks, authorization and organizational structure of Provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PPMCs). Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the manpower and organization structure of northern PPMCs and provide recommendations for policy makers. Subjects and method: Using the cross-sectional descriptive method, the study covered the preventive medicine centers of 29 northern provinces between Jan to Jun 2007. The information was collected by interviews and self-reported questionnaires. Results:23/29 PPMCs have not met the criteria of man power stated in the Circular 08/2007/TTLB-BYT-BNV. Only 9/29 PPMCs were well organized in accordance with Decision 05/2006/QD-BYT of the Ministry of Health. The average number of staffs in PPMCs was 50+15. Medical staffs accounted for 53%, out of which 21.1% had postgraduate degrees; 32.2% had graduate degrees and 23.3% had been trained in preventive care. Conclusion: To meet the requirements provided by the Decision No05/2006QD-BYT, the man power and training for staffs in PPMCs should be improved and strengthened.
Man power ; Preventive medicine.

Background: The strategy of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) was developed as an approach/tool for reducing the childhood mortality in developing countries. IMCI was approved by the Ministry of Health of Viet Nam and has been implemented in more than 3500 communal health centers nationwide. Aims: 1) To discover the quality of health care services for children under-5 and the situation of IMCI in health facilities. 2) To propose solutions to improve the quality of health care services for children. Materials and method: The cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches conducted 58 direct observations in health workers, interviewed 58 caretakers, comprehensively interviewed 20 local leaders and technical staffs, facilitated 12 focal group discussions and reviewed 120 records of 12 commune health centers. Results: IMCI was considered by all of the participants as a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of childhood health care at first-level health facilities. IMCI contributed towards improved case management skills of health workers, improved the supply of essential drugs and supplies for child health care. As a result, the quality of health services for children under-5 has been promoted (93% of illness children were correctly assessed and classified, 84.6% of them were correctly treated and counseled). Health workers in Ly Nhan district, Ha Nam province adhered to 8.4+/-1.5 out of 10 essential steps of comprehensive child health care. Contrarily, this indicator was low in the districts of Bac Giang province (4.8+/-1.5), not much different to untrained IMCI health workers. Conclusion: IMCI is a useful strategy to improving the quality of child health care. But there were some difficulties that affected the implementation of this strategy in first-level health facilities.
IMCI ; Child health care

Background: In recent years, due to the outbreak of new infectious diseases, re-emerging diseases and bio-terrorist threats, the biological safety for laboratories is essential\r\n', u'Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practices related to biosafety of researchers in microbiological laboratories\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study was carried out in the period 2006-2007. Questionnaires and checklists were used for the direct interview the knowledge and observe the practices related to biological safety of 97 laboratory technicians from microbiology laboratories of 22 provincial centers for preventive medicine, which represent for all areas in Vietnam.\r\n', u'Results: The percentage of technicians defines correctly the hazardous groups of some common pathogens are 8.2-33%. The percentage of technicians define correctly the transmission routes of Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococus, Streptococcus are 1%, 15% and 19.6%, respectively. The opinion that thay can wear the laboratory blouse out of laboratories, bring personal belongings into the laboratory and pipeting by mouth are 21.6%, 50.5% and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding laboratory practices: The percentage of technicians does not use gloves is 37.8%; pipeting by mouth: 22.6%. Over 40% technicians do not disinfect working area or washing hands with alcohol after experiments\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results of this study are a basis for planning programs to train, supervise and improve the operational quality of the microbiological laboratory of the provincial preventive health care centers.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Biotechnology/ standards ; Safety/ standards ;

Background: Recently, microplate almar blue assay has been used commonly in detecting gen related to tuberculosis drug resistance, which provides results after 5-7 days with lower cost compared to traditional methods. Objective: To evaluate the application of microplate almar blue assay for rapid detection of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains. Subject and Method: A microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent - an oxidation reduction dye (MABA), was used for the determination of the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid-INH, rifampicine-RIF, streptomycine-STR and ethabuton=EMB) resistance of 96 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Vietnamese patients in comparison to those obtained by conversional method. Result: MABA showed to have high sensitivity and specificity in testing the sensitivity to individual anti-tuberculosis drugs (from 82.4% for STR to 93.3% for - INH and from 82.5% for EMB to 98.4% for STR; respectively), as well as for the multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis (86.4% of sensitivity), highly correlated with the result determined by proportion method. Conclusion: MABA reveals the advantage in shortening test time, in simple performance and lower cost compared with the conversional culture based methods.
Microplate almar blue assay ; M. tuberculosis ; drug resistance