Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer was preformed in total of 68 consecutive patients (53 males and 15 females) at Binh Dan hospital from August 2001 to August 2003. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor grade was 1 in 19 patients (2 with positive node), grade 2 in 20 patients (10 positive node) and grade 3 in 28 patients (15 positive node). The pathological stage was pT1 in 2 patients (no positive node), pT2 in 50 patients (17 positive node), pT3 in 15 patients (12 positive node) and pT4 in 1 patient (positive node). Among 68 patients underwent radical cystectomy, 35 patients had cultaneous ureterostomy, 26 patients had a Carmey II plasty with ileal-conduct uriary diversion, 5 patients with urinary diversion of Kock plasty and 2 patients had a Bricker operation
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery ; cystectomy ; pathology ; Pelvis

Background: Mitral valve diseases are the most frequent in the cardiac valvular acquired diseases. Valvuloplasty is a very good surgical treatment, also its techniques are difficult. Objective: (1) To describe features of valvular lesion and technique of valvuloplasty. (2) To evaluate the effects of these operations. Subject and Method: 95 cases of mitral valve reconstruction were studied and described retrospectively about pre- operative features, mitral valvuloplasty, and post-operative results. Results: Pre-operative cardiac failure >=2 nd level (NYHA) is 96.8%, with 100% of mitral valve insufficiency, 28.4% associated with valvular stenosis. Mean age of patient is 34.5 +/- 13.2. Each case must do an average 4/15 valvuloplasty techniques, the most frequent are: mitral valvular ring (67.4%), commissurotomy (57.9%), cordage section (45.3%)\u2026 Early post \u2013 operative result is very good: no mortality, mitral valvular function is improved significantly than pre-operative (p<0.001), no severe mitral stenosis or insufficiency. Long-term post operative control (3 months, 3 years, 5 years post \u2013 operation) present the stability of this valvuloplasty with high survival frequency (96.8% in 3 months, 96.2% in 3 years, 93.4% in 5 years), in the 78.5% ranges a good level, re-operation is only required in 3 cases with valvular replacement. Conclusions: Although the difficult technique of valvuloplasty \u2013 especially in rheumatic lesion, mitral valve reconstruction is a good and safe technique to treat the mitral valve diseases.
Alkali burn ; Steroid

Background: Many research works showed that menstruation is caused by the sudden reduction of the estrogens and progesterone to low levels of secretion at the end of the menstrual cycle. However, it should be investigated to which levels the concentration of these two hormones sharply reduces to cause menstruation. Objective: To determine estradiol concentration at the beginning of menstruation, the second day of menstruation and the ending of menstruation during the menstrual cycle. Subject and methods: 30 women with the normal menstrual cycle and 30 women with the long menstrual cycle were used as subjects to determine estradiol concentration at the day at the beginning of menstruation, the second day of menstruation and the last day of menstruation during the menstrual cycle. Result and Conclusion: In the women group with the normal menstrual cycle, the estradiol concentration: at the day at the beginning of menstruation is 159.93 \xb1 51.29 pmol/L, at the second day of menstruation is 170.58 \xb1 46.54 pmol/L and at the lastday of menstruation is 177.55 \xb1 46.42 pmol/L. In women in the group with long menstrual cycle, the estradiol concentration: at the day of beginning of menstruation is 154.55 \xb1 61.60 pmol/L and at the last day of menstruation is 154.55 \xb1 61.60 pmol/L.
menstrual cycle ; estrogen ; estradiol

Backgound: Plague disease is one of three most seriously infectious diseases (plague, yellow fever and cholera disease). In Vietnam, this condition has been obviously controlled. The number of new cases and deaths of plague disease have decreased significantly: from 439.6 patients between 1991 and 1995 to 161.2 patients between 1996 and 2000. However, the disease is still circulating in some areas in the world. Objective: To survey plague disease related factors (rats and fleas) at Noi Bai international airport. Subjects and method: A surveillance to inspect plague disease related factors (rats and fleas) was conducted at Noi Bai international airport, Ha Noi, from January/2006 to December/2006. Results and Conclusion: There were two types of rats: R. flavipectus in majority and R. norvegicus. The enrichment index of the two kinds of rats had increased in April and May. R. flavipectus disposed at flat form T1 and R. norvegicus disposed at store area. The only flea species found at the surveillance site was X.cheopis. Bacterial isolation of 236 specimens of liver and spleen, and ELISA tests of 180 blood samples were performed. All of the specimens were negative to Yersinia pestis. The study suggests that the rat populations at Noi Bai airport have not been infected with Yesinia pestis.
Plague/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Siphonaptera/ pathogenicity ; Rats ;

Background: Gastric cancer is a common disease in the world. For treatment, gastrectomy is still considered as the first choice. However, recovering of postoperative gastrointestinal circulation remains a controversial issue. Objectives: To assess the early results of 2 methods as gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I type) and gastrojejunostomy (Billroth type II) in recovering of gastrointestinal circulation. Subjects and method: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients (61 males, 37 females, mean aged 48.1\xb112.7), were confirmed diagnosed with gastric cancer, treated in Military Central Hospital N.108 from May, 2001 to December, 2005. Results: Tumor positions were seen in 1/3 lower and 1/3 middle of gastric organ (59.2% and 40.8%, respective). There was no significant difference for invasive level of tumor between 2 groups (P>0.05). 62.2% patients with invasive level of tumor in stage of T4 in both 2 groups. Generally, the lesion between 2 forms of ulcer and rough differed significantly. The patients with and without metastatic lymph nodes were 57 and 41 patients, respective. All of patients were conducted with lymph node dissection at the stage of DIII-DIV. The difference between 2 groups for surgical time was no statistic significant. Conclusion: Billroth type I method combined with lymph nodes dissection was a safe and feasible technique in treatment of gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasms/ surgery ; Gastrectomy ; Lymph Node Excision ;

Background: Flail chest is a severe condition of thoracic trauma, and it requires diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible. From year 2000, we developed an improved technique of open fixation in order to adapt the situations of Vietnam health settings. Objectives: To report preliminary results of application of improved open fixation technique in Viet Duc Hospital from 2001 to 2006. Subjects and method: This descriptive, prospective and retrospective study involved 19 patients with flail chest due to closed thoracic trauma or multiple traumas, treated by open fixation technique. The parameters included features of patients, characteristics of this technique and postoperative progression.Results: Of 19 patients, there were 16 males and 3 females, mean age: 47.8 years. All patients presented obvious signs of flail chest preoperatively, but only 9 cases were treated by open fixation technique and pleural drainage immediately. This technique canbe applied in all sugical settings with single local anaesthesia, and any kind of common surgical threads. The most suitable initial pulled weight is 2000 g. All cases of flail chest required pleural drainage. All patients had good outcomes with open fixation technique, no death. There were 3 patients with postoperative complications, all were severe multiple trauma patients. Conclusion: Improved open fixation technique applied in Viet Duc Hospital is simple, effective and safe, and can be widely used in all surgical settings.
Flail Chest ; Flank Pain/ therapy ;

Background: peripheral vascular wounds/trauma is a severe type of surgical emergency, the increasing rate due to the rapid increase of traffic, labor and living accidents. Subjectives and Method: retrospective study, all patients with peripheral vascular wounds/traumas (alone or combination in multiple trauma) were emergency operated at Viet Duc Hospital from January 2004 to June 2006. Results: A total of 310 patients with peripheral vascular injuries in the study, of which accounted for 62.3% of injury, trauma group accounted for 37.7%. The mean age of 30. In first aid, pressed tape accounted for high rate (71.5%). Rate of popliteal vascular trauma due to fractures around the knee accounted for 65.5%, the rate of brachial vascular trauma with fractures around the elbow was 50%. Rate of late diagnosis of arterial trauma was 14.6%, higher than the arterial wounds (2.6%). The rate of ultrasound for forelimbs - where vessels were many wounds, was lower than that for hindlimbs - where vessels were many traumas (44% vs 67.9%). For vascular wounds, more directly vascular connection and more intervention on veins, whereas, for arterial trauma, more vascular graft. Rate of complications was low (7.4%), with no deaths. Conclusions: Overall, the results of emergency surgery for peripheral vascular wounds/trauma were well. No cases was death from vascular lesions, rate of complications was low.
Blood Vessels/ injuries ; Emergencies ;

Background: According to WHO, there are 5 million deaths from kinds of injury a year in the world, of which 875000 deaths occur in children under 18 years old. Injury leads to 40000 deaths which account for 10.7% deaths due to all other causes a year in VietNam. Objective: To show conclusions of the situation of child injury, recommendations for prevention of child injury and methods in order to enhance emergency activity in Vietnam. Subjects and method: The authors collected information about all patients who had emergencies due to injury at Viet Duc hospital, from March 26th 2006 to Octorber 26th 2006. However, supervised cases were the patients under 18 years old who were examined and treated at the Department of Emergency. Results: During the period of study, 2536 patients under 18 years old were examined for injury, of which death and coming back home for death were 83 cases (3.27%). 974 children had emergency resulted from injury: male was more than female: 697 verus 227. The leading causes of child injury were fall and traffic accident, respetively 34% and 60%. The most common traumas were traumatic brain injury (45%), limbs injury (41%). Although most of cases had first aid at the hospitals in district or province level, the rate of non-first aid cases was high (34%). Conclusion: Child injury is a leading cause of child death in hospitals. Methods for prevention of child injury should focus on educating and propagandizing to minimize injuries caused by traffic accident and fall.
Wounds and Injuries ; Child

Endophytic fungi are promising sources for the production of podophyllotoxin-an important anticancer compound, replacing depleted medical plants. In this study, the endophytes associated with Dysosma difformis-an ethnomedicinal plant species were isolated to explore novel sources of podophyllotoxin. Fifty-three endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by morphological observation and ITS-based rDNA sequencing, assigning them to 27 genera in 3 divisions. Fusarium was found the most prevalent genus with a colonization frequency of 11.11%, followed by Trametes (9.26%) and Penicillium (7.41%). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the endophytic fungi community in two collection sites, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, revealing the adaptation of the species to the specific tissues and habitats. Cytotoxic activity of endophytic fungal extracts was investigated on cancer cell lines such as SK-LU-1, HL-60, and HepG2, demonstrating strong anti-cancer activity of six isolates belonging to Penicillium, Trametes, Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, and Ganoderma with IC 50 value of lower than 10 10 µg/mL. The presence of podophyllotoxin was indicated in Penicillium, Trametes, Aspergillus and for the first time in Purpureocillium and Ganoderma via high-performance liquid chromatography, which implied them as a potential source of this anticancer compound.

In this study, we report the manganese peroxidase production ability from a Fusarium sp. strain using an inexpensive medium of agriculture residues of either rice straw or wood chips as carbon source. The highest manganese peroxidase activity on rice straw medium and on wood chips was 1.76 U/mL by day 9 and 1.91 U/mL by day 12, respectively.
Agriculture ; Carbon ; Fusarium* ; Manganese* ; Mass Screening* ; Peroxidase* ; Wood