Morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever in Dong Thap province had reduced gradually in the last 10 years. The number of typhoid fever between 1999 and 2003 was equal to a third cases occurred between 1994 and 1998. There had been 29 of dead cases resulting from typhoid fever for ten years. The highest number of dead cases in 1995 was 6. The death to incidence ratio was 0.076%
epidemiology ; Typhoid Fever ; Fever

Studying on typhoid fever in 16417 people of Binh Thanh Trung commune and 16324 ones of Vinh Thanh commune (control commune) after 2 years with the intervention. The results showed that drinking water sterilized by chloramin B increased by 295.58%, drinking boiling water increased by 10.06%; drinking rainny water increased by 464.30%; vegetable washing by safety water increased by 2886.61%, good sanitary latrine increased by 292.30%, close fish pond latrine increased by 46.91%, sinking latrine increased by 195.995%, fish pond latrine open to river reduced by 17.68%, latrine on the river reduced by 29.24%. Typhoid fever reduced by 92% in comparison to before interventrion. Real effect in comparison to control commune was 5.04%
Typhoid Fever ; Therapeutics ; Epidemiology

There were 89 patients, no death in an outbreak of cholera in Dong Thap province, which happened on January 1st 1999 and lasted for 2 months. The morbidity was 5,61/100.000 inhabitants with all ages; the disease occurred at districts, towns along the Cuu Long river. Local authorities had conducted measures for cholera prevention and control.
Cholera ; Disease Outbreaks

Background: Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder with two remarkable symptoms such as dry eyes and dry mouth. Objective: To study the symptoms of dry mouth of Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome after rheumatoid arthritis; To evaluate clinical and subclinical manifestations of dry mouth. Subjects and method: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 160 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who treated at Department of Rheumatology of Bach Mai hospital, from 1998 to 2003. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 60 patients with Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome and 100 patients without Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome. Results: The average age of patients with Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome was 54.55 \xb1 10.91 years. The mean time of having dry mouth was 8.65 \xb1 8.39 months. Clinical manifestations of dry mouth were sensation of dry mouth (90%), lost of saliva (80%), drink a lot of water while eating (58.3%), enlargement of parotid glands (15%). Degrees of dry mouth were mild and moderate (36.7%), severe (53.3%). 93.3% of patients decreased total salivary flow.82% of patients had 3 and 4 anatomopathologic stages according to Chilsom classification. Conclusion: Incidence of symptoms of dry mouth was higher significantly in the rheumatoid arthritis patients with Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome than those without Gougerot-Sj\xf6gren syndrome.
Arthritis ; Rheumatoid/ pathology ; diagnosis ; Sjogren's Syndrome/ pathology ; diagnosis ; Xerostomia/ pathology ; diagnosis

Background: Tophi is an important symptom of chronic gout. Objective: To assess clinical characteristics of topbi and its relationships with other manifestations of chronic gout. Subjects and method: A study was conducted in 65 patients diagnosed chronic gout based on Bennett and Wood criteria 1968, with tophi, treated at Department of Rheumatology, Bach Mai hospital, from December 2003 to June 2004. This was a retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional study. Results and conclusions: All patients were males and the average age was 57.8 \xb1 11.71 years. 72.3% of patients aged from 30 to 59 years. The average time of occurrence of tophi in chronic gout was 7.73 years. The mean number of tophi was 24.8 \xb1 9.4 (ranged from 1 to 70). Erosion of tophi occurred 25%. 92.9% of patients had distribution in inferiors limbs and 80.4% had superior limbs. There were relationships between number of tophi and renal lesions, distribution of tophi and number of painful joints.
Gout/ pathology ; therapy

Intravenous anesthesia is commonly used in pediatric cardiac catheterization. Objectives: (1) Define the efficiency of this method administered for pediatric cardiac cathterization; (2) Evaluate, analysis some anesthetic complications occurred during and after the producedure. Methods: Either Ketamin or Propofol was used for the induction. Anesthesia was maintained by Propofol infusion. 41 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization were included into the study. Heart rate, SpO2, respiratory rate of patient and the quality as well as the complications of anesthesia were evaluated. Results: The rate of good induction, good maintenance and good recovery were 95.2%, 97.6% and 100%, respectively. 82.3% of patients had a recovery time around 15 minutes. The complications of anesthesia were documented: apnea and transient drop of SpO2 occurred in the induction (4.8%), severe respiratory distress (2.4%), increasing secretor sputum (4.8%). Conclusions: Intravenous anesthesia has maitained the efficiency of sedation for pediatric cardiac catheterization.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Anesthesia ; Heart Diseases ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Heart Catheterization

Recently, gout prevalence is increasing, but in Vietnam the knowledge of gout is not enough. Objectives: (1) Describe clinical X-ray manifestations of bone and joint damage related to chronic gout. (2) Identify suggestive factors to make diagnosis of bone and joint damage related to chronic gout. Methods: The cross-study included 54 patients with chronic gout presented in the Rheumatology Department of Bach Mai Hospital from March-2003 to June-2004. All of them were diagnosed gout according to the criteria of Bennett and Wood-1968 and had tophi nodules. Results: The common findings are polyarthritis (79.6%), lower limbs are involved more common than upper limbs (75-80% of patients had ankle, knee, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis) and symmetric arthritis (60% to 70%). All patients had a history of acute gout. 80% of patients had chronic gout presented in X-ray images, including joint space narrowing, erosion, new bone formation at the edge of a gradually expanding tophus. Important factors can be considered of chronic gout were male, middle age, symmetric arthritis of lower limbs, tophi nodules. Conclusions: Suggestive factors and X-ray of bone and join contribute to earlier diagnosis of bone and joint damage in chronic gout.
Gout ; Arthritis ; Juvenile Rheumatoid ; Bone and Bones

Dislocation of the shoulder after intramuscular injection antibiotic(s) is rare and this conditon was limit described in literature. Our purposes were: (1) determining the clinical symptoms, X-ray and CT findings; and (2) determining the indications and the surgical technique and evaluation of the surgical result. Material and methods: 62 children (29 females, 33 males) aged from 4 to 16 years were included. Clinical and X- ray findings were analysed for anterosuperior subluxation or dislocation of humeral head. The patients were operated to release of origin or insretion of the mild Deltoid muscle or Z plasty of this one. Surgical procedures provided good result in 75.3 percent, fair in 24.7 percent and there were no infection or neuromuscular complication in these cases. Conclusions: This condition always resulted from repeated Deltoid intramuscular injection. The surgical treatment with resection of fibrous portions constantly gives relief of symptoms and provides good function.
Shoulder Dislocation, Injections, Intramuscular, Child

Cross-sectional survey on the effectiveness of the Parascheck Pf tests for malaria rapid diagnosis was carried out in all people lived in malaria areas in the Central and Highland of Vietnam. Comparision of the sensitivity, the specificity, the value of negative prediction and the accuracy of the Paracheck Pf tests between 4 different geographical zones and 2 different malaria areas (stable and unstable malaria areas) showed that there was no significant difference. The rapid Paracheck Pf tests have the sensitivity, specificity, the value of positive and negative prediction and the accuracy of 95.8%, 98.1%, 74.3%, 99.7% and 97.9%, respectively
Malaria ; Therapeutics ; diagnosis

Participants in this study were 98 bank staffs who were 20-40 years old and had worked with computer for 2 to 10 years at Vietcombank and Incombank. The results showed that the labor condition of bank staffs have been not good: working places are cramped, in-door CO2 level is high, light condition and working site design is not good, noisy. Rate of staffs who have complaints about bone-muscular problems and visual symptoms after a labor shift is high. Findings of visiotest showed that working with computer have effects on visual function as decrease in power of vision and increase in the time to see stereo images
Computers ; Delivery of Health Care