Population ordinance was approved by standing committee of National Assembly in January 9th 2003 and became effective from May 1st 2003. It included 6 chapters that stated the importance of population policy in strategies of social economic development of Vietnam, and had basic orientations of population policy in order to control actively population scale and improve population quality
Population ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Policy

Adolescent has a high risk such as intercourse without a contraceptive method. Although the rate of knowledge for the contraceptive methods was very high, the rate of using the contraceptive method was low. The perception of sex and love was wrong, in addition to factors of family, community, impact of market economy and disadvantage of information influence significantly on the pregnancy in adolescent.
Pregnancy ; Coitus ; Contraception ; Adolescent

Sphaeranthus africanus is commonly used as a traditional remedy for sore throats and pain treatment in Vietnam. The aerial parts have been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. However, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the plant has not been explored. In this work, hydrophilic extracts of the plant's aerial parts were prepared in order to investigate its antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Also, the cytotoxicity of the root was evaluated and compared to that of the aerial parts. All of the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC 50 values ranging from 2.05 to 3.56 µg/mL, indicating substantial antioxidant activity. At an IC 50 value of 4.80 μg/mL, the 50% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-glucosidase. The cytotoxic activity of root extracts is 2 to 5-fold less than that of the aerial parts. Nevertheless, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the root demonstrated a selective effect on leukemia cells, with no harm towards the normal HEK-293 cell line. This work provides a scientific support for the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the plant. Hence, it may find a promising material for the development of novel antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. More research can be conducted on the phytochemistry and anticancer activities of the plant’s root.