Background: Nowadays, Computed Tomography (CT) plays an important role not only in diagnosis but also in evaluating the severity of cranial lesions, especially brain injuries. Objectives: (1) To determine the related factors of brain injury. (2) To identify the rate of discovering brain injuries in CT film. (3) To propose appropriate an time for performing CT examinations. Subjects and method: The retrospective study was carried out on 413 cranial traumatic cases admitted to Viet Tiep Hospital from 1/1/2006 to 31/12/2007. All of them were taken with a CT - scanner. Results: The percentage of male - patient is 4 times higher than this of female. Most of the patients were 21-30 year olds (69%). The most common cause was motor accidents (64%). The indirect (dislocation of middle line) and direct pathogenic images can be found in CT-scanner in 210/413 cases (50.85%) and 216/413 (52.30%), respectively. 114 cases (27.60%) underwent surgical treatments. 20 patients died (4.84%) because of severe and complex injuries. Conclusion: It is necessary to closely monitor all the changes of the signs and symptoms in order to specify CT-scanner examination on time.
related factor ; brain injury ; CT scanner

A study on 97 male patients with the hypertension ages of 64,1 +/- 14 in hospital 171 during 1993-5/1997 has shown that the hypertension was most frequently occurred in age of 60 (81,24%). The cardiac complications and large arterial complications in hypertension were common (67,01%) the cardiac complications include the left ventricular thickness (45,36% 45 cases with the left ventricular thickness were diagnosed by laparoscopy in which 30 cases with the centric thickness, 12 cases with the incentric thickness. The sensitivity and specificity of the eletrocardiography was 21/45 and 48/52, respectively. The frequent of the left ventricular thickness increased as increased age and its progress depends on the hypertension. The relation of the disorder of lipid metabolism and artherosclerosis exacerbated the hypertension and the left-ventricular thickness. The laparoscopy is valuable method diagnosis of the left ventricular thickness.
Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular

The investigation was conducted at 30 communes health stations of zones II, III in 3 districts – Huu Lung, Cao Loc, Van Lang – Lang Son province. There were many shortenings in essential care and were not at a same level in various communes even in a same district. For a same commune, there were large gaps between various communes. The main causes of shortening were not the lack of resources, in term of quantity, but of management capacity. Among them, the non homogenous management not basing on the concrete condition of each commune, the negligence of quality standard are the most important
Delivery, Obstetric ; Delivery of Health Care ; Quality of Health Care ; epidemiology

Prospective study was carried out on 30 septic shock patients admitted to the emergency and intensive care unit of Bach Mai hospital from March 2004 to November 2004. Results: coagulation disorder rate accounted for 93.3% of patients including 50% with DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) and 43.3% with another coagulation disorders. Patients with DIC had a significant higher rates of multiple organs failure and mortality as compared without DIC (87% and 73.3% vs. 67% and 53.3%, respectively). DIC contributed to multiple organ failure and increase mortality rate. Management of coagulation disorder included replace therapy of fresh plasma (90%) and platelet block (30%) with a dose lower than recommended. Results of coagulation tests after treatment were likely to improve but not yet significantly.
Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Shock, Septic ; Clinical Medicine ; Therapeutics

Assessment showed a poor quality of health personal and a large gaps of the provision of essential obstetric services between other kinds of health staff, in which 32.9% were understandard, only 7.1% rather good. Errors occurred at all levels of health staff (doctor, nurse, midwife,…), and in many obstetric situation. Thus the qualification of health staff in obstetric care should be promoted
Health Services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Obstetrics ; epidemiology

Background: Since 1991-2000, the prevalence of malaria is reduced remarkably in Vietnam. The malaria related mortality reduced 98%. Objective: To evaluate effect of health education in malaria control for ethnic minority people. Subject and Method: The study was carried out in 4 districts: Hoang Su Phi and Quan Ba (Ha Giang); Ia grai and K'Bang (Gia Lai). Qualitative and quantitative method was used in this study. Results: The findings of the study after 2 years showed that the Information - Education and Communication (IEC) is increased in 2007. The proportion of the households have radio, TV, leaflets/pictures is higher than year 2005: 39.1 %, 60.0% and 6.3%. The number of people were communicated about malaria is increased by 61%. The most information channel that the people received is from health staff (93%); from radio and TV: 22.5 and 25.6%. People know the right cause and its prevention of malaria is increased 55% in 2005 to 80% in 2007. The proportion of bed net coverage among community is increased, the number of bed net per households is 2.8 and number of people per bed net is 2.2. Conclusion: Almost people in this study site desired to utilize bed net: 99%. About 88.3% (2005) and 87.5% (2007) of people utilized the public health service when they get sick. After two years of health education intervention, the malaria morbidity in the study site is reduced remarkably by 45 - 50%.
Malaria ; IEC ; ethnic minority

Background: Phu Tho is a mountainous province in the northwest of Vietnam. People here have the habit to eat raw fish; this is the favorable conditions for small liver fluke (clonorchsis sinensis) circulation and development. \r\n', u'Objectives: 1) To determine infection rate and infection intensity in workers of tea companies in Phu Tho province. 2) To evaluate effectiveness of treatment Clonorchis sinensis by Distocid.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: Across- sectional survey was carried out in September 2007 in the tea companies in Phu Tho province, 400 peoples (200 male, 200 female), were examined stool samples to find helminthic eggs by Kato-Katz technique.\r\n', u'Results: The cumulative infection rate Clonorchis sinensis was 22.25%, of which a significant difference of the infection rate of clonorchis sinensis was found in males: 27.4% and in females: 16.7%, respectively (p< 0.05). The cure rate by Distocid was 97.7%.\r\n', u'Conclusion: The infection rate of workers in the areas was rather high\r\n', u'Therefore, it is necessary to propagandize and educate for workers and the community understanding of the harmful effects of Clonorchis sinensis and how to prevent small liver fluke disease; changing risk behaviors such as not eating raw fish\r\n', u'
Clonnorchis sinensis ; workers ; tea companies

Background: In 2006, the project of global fund for malaria prevention in Vietnam provided a large number of rapid diagnostic test Paracheck F for Vietnam for the purpose of rapid malaria diagnose. However, there is no study on evaluation the effect of rapid diagnostic test compared with microscopy method. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and cost of paracheck F test and microscopy in malaria diagnosis and treatment. Subject and Method: The study was carried out in 6 communes belongs to Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces from September to November - 2006. The study was divided into 3 phases. Phase 1: diagnoses and treatments are based on clinical symptoms, phase 2: diagnoses and treatments are based on the results of paracheck and phase 3: diagnoses and treatments are based on the results of microscopy. All phases, both the common patients and malarial patients and the amount of anti-malarial drugs were treated, the amount of money was spent on transport and days work off of malarial patients and their relatives were calculated. Result: The investigation data on expenditure of malaria patients showed that: the average direct cost of malaria patient in phase 1 is VND 116.100; phase 2: VND 119.400 and phase 3: VND 120.800 per 1 treatment course. There is no significant difference between direct costs in three phases (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The expense efficiency for finding out a case of malaria by paracheck and microscopy is equivalent and lower than the expense of diagnosis based on clinical symptoms.
Malaria diagnosis ; RDT Paracheck F ; microscopy

CD46 is a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein (mCRP) possessing a regulatory role with the complement system. CD46 protects the host cells from damage by complement. Expression of CD46 is also highly maintained in many cancers, including bladder cancers, and thus functions as a receptor for many cancer therapeutic viruses.In this study we report a unique role of CD46 as a progression factor of cancer cells in bladder cancers. Resulting data from a DNA microarray using CD46-altered HT1376 bladder cancers demonstrated a pool of target genes, including complement C3  chain (C3), matrix Gla protein (MGP), AFAP-AS1, follicular dendritic cell secreted protein (FDCSP), MAM domain containing 2 (MAMDC2), gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor pi (GABRP), transforming growth factor, beta-induced (TGFBI), a family of cytochrome P450 (CYP24A1), sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 6 (SIGLEC6), metallothionein 1E (MT1E), and several members of cytokeratins. Subsequent studies using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed CD46-mediated regulation of C3, MGP, and keratin 13 (KRT13). MGP and KRT13 are known to be involved in cell migration and cancer cell metastasis. A cell migration assay demonstrated that CD46 enhanced migratory potential of bladder cancer cells. Taken all together, this report demonstrated that CD46 is generally overexpressed in bladder cancers and plays a unique role in the promotion of cancer cell migration. Further detailed studies are needed to be performed to clarify the action mechanism of CD46 and its application to cancer therapeutics.

Objective: To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay. For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential, saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, for 30 days. Results: Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract. The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47μg/mL and 47.97μg/mL, respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18μg/mL and 86.24μg/mL, respectively. In vivo experiments, administration of saponin, saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel (positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume, the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight, and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of su-peroxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue. Conclusions: Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer, especially breast cancer.