Investigating 4 of drug and therapy commission at district health centers during 1-12/1999 has shown that the antibiotics were frequently used are betalactam, quinolone and cephalosporine. The average expenses for antibiotics accounted for 23.39% of drug total cost. The most frequent used drug was cotrimoxazole.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

The study involved 665 women who were performed sterilization during 3 years 1996-1998, in Buon Ma Thuot City. The results showed that an average number of children of women in this study were 4.05. The rate of minority women submitted to this intervention was higher than that in Kinh ethnic population. After procedure, most of participants were satisfied with a good working and sexual life. The rate of complication accounted for 7.97% and failure rate was 0.45%. 95% of sexual partner and relatives of participants were in support of this intervention. The findings suggested that female sterilization is appropriate for women from rural and remote areas and low educated subjects
Sterilization ; Psychophysiology ; women ; diagnosis ;

The diseases model of children visited and pediatric in patients at DakLak Provincial Hospital between 1999 and 2001 maily were infections, parasitic diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, especially in perinatal period. Ratio of pediatric inpatients/total of pediatric examination was 20.41%.The average hospitalized days was 6.39. Ratio of pediatric death/total pediatric inpatients accounts for 3.09%, among them 75.48% were children of 0-4 years old. There are significant differences of morbidity rate, hospitalized treatment, and mortality rate between groups according to ICD-10
Pediatrics ; mortality ; Parasitic Diseases ; epidemiology

This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the KAP of HIV/AIDS control among medical staffs working at many departments of health centers in Daklak provice in the year 2002. The results showed that almost medical staffs have good KAP when expose with infection. The authors also give some recommendations
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Geography

The survey was conducted on 1,800 households involved in 12 districts through §¨k L¨k province in April 2000. Method: cross-sectional study. Sites of survey were selected randomly. Communes were divided into regions I, II, and III. The results showed that the rate of literacy was 88.38% in Kinh population, compared with 42.56% in minor ethnic population. 77.27% of householders knew about tuberculosis, with the significant difference in rate between Kinh and minor ethnic populations (86.37% compared with 51.07%). Rate of householders who knew about HIV/AIDS was 79.88%. This rate in Kinh population (93.0%) was triple than in minor ethnic population. Rate of householders who knew about three transmission ways of HIV/AIDS was 46.59%. This rate in Kinh householders (49.87%) was higher than that in general population and was twice than that in minor ethnic householders. Rate of householders who knew about tuberculosis transmission pathway was 86.62%. This rate in Kinh householders was higher than that in minor ethnic householders (91.2% vs. 64.97%).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Tuberculosis ; HIV

A retrospective study on all deaths in the district health centers and provincial hospital from 1/1/1995 to 31/12/1999 has shown that the mortality rate/inpatients: 0,47%, this rate in men higher than this in women, mainly: Kinh Nation. Ages of 15 -60 account for high rate; dead rate in infant accounts for 20% in total mortality rate. The average time from admission to death was 30,30 minutes. The rate of dead patient received the concentrated diagnosis is very low; the rate of correct diagnosis between the examination department and emergency department: 50%; use of paraclinical: 0.8 time/patient.10,57% nurse and sister did not implement correctly the medical command of medical doctor
mortality ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the impact of plant growth regulators including kinetin (KN), benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid, yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate on biomass accumulation of Vietnamese ginseng Panax vietnamensis (P. vietnamensis) in cell suspension culture. Methods Cell suspension cultures were established from friable calluses derived from leaves and petioles of 3-year-old in-vitro P. vietnamensis plants. The cell suspension cultures were grown in Murashige and Skoog basal media supplemented with various concentrations of KN, benzyl adenine, naphthalene acetic acid, and yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate. Results All tested factors generated an increase in the cell biomass of P. vietnamensis in suspension culture, but the impact of each varies depended on the factor type, concentration, and incubation period. Addition of 2.0 mg/L KN resulted in the largest biomass increase after 24 d, (57.0 ± 0.9) and (3.1 ± 0.1) mg/mL fresh and dry weight, respectively, whereas addition of benzyl adenine or naphthalene acetic acid produced optimum levels of Panax cell biomass at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Addition of the elicitor yeast extract led to a 1.4–2.4 fold increase in biomass of P. vietnamensis, while addition of casein hydrolyzate enhanced biomass accumulation 1.8–2.6 fold. Conclusions The addition of each factor causes significant changes in biomass accumulation of P. vietnamensis. The largest biomass accumulation is from cultures grown in MS media containing 2.0 mg/L KN for 24 d. The outcome of the present study provides new insights into the optimal suspension culture conditions for studies on the in vitro cell biomass production of P. vietnamensis.