In May 1999, we performed a study of evaluation of HBV infection by ELISA techniques for HBsAg, Anti-HBs and Anti- HBc in the sera. 206 medical students(2 -year grade, Faculty of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City) were enrolled with the following results: 112(54%) students without infection (HbsAg (-), Anti- HBs (+), 16(8%) carriers with 14(6%) having HbsAg (+) and 2(2%) infected only with Anti-HBc (+). Of the 16 carriers, there were 2 cases with hepatitis (ALT>= 100UI/I). In conclusion, with our findings, we noted that 8% medical students were carriers, they need an adequate information for preventing the contamination between health -care providers and patients, 54% students need urgently a vaccine for protecting themselves from the HBV infection.
Hepatitis B ; Students ; Students, Medical

A cross-sectional study was performed from April to December 1999 to evaluate the changes in antibody levels after HBV infection. 242 medical students were screened. Among these, 49 students (mean age 20.7+/-1.25 years, weight 52.3+/-8.1kg) were infected with wild HBV, as confirmed by presence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc and absence of HBsAg. In the first visit, the mean serum concentration of anti-HBs was 323mUI/mL. After 9 months, there was insignificant change in this antibody level with the mean was 303mUI/mL (p=1).
Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human

From May to December 1999, we performed a study to look for the antibody response after vaccination against hepatitis B in 112-second year medical students (97, Faculty of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh city, VietNam). We used recombinant DNA vaccine (HB VAX- II, MSD), with standard schedule (0,16 months). The healthy students (mean age: 19,7+/- 1,5 mean height 1,6+/- 0,1 m, mean body weight 51,1+/- 6,6 kg) who had neither immunodepression nor previous hepatitis B vaccination were included in this study. The sera from these were negative for HBsAg anti-HBs, anti-HBc. The good immunological response after vaccination was confirmed by the level of anti-HBs >10 m Ul/ml in the sera (blood taken 1 month after the 3rd injection). The results were encouraging: 100% students who received the vaccine got a good response with the height level of anti- HBs in the sera (average: 794+/- 306mU/ml). The level of anti-HBs was below <100mUI/ml in 2 students (1.8%), 100-< 500 in 20(17.8%),500-<1000 in 20 (17.8%) and >= 1000 in 70 (62,5%). These students had no close relationship with the age and the sex.
Hepatitis B ; Vaccination

Study 120 intravenous drug users admitted liver disease clinic and HIV clinic from April to July 2002, the results showed that reasons of 14.2% were routine examinations, the rest were fever, HIV-related conditions or symptoms of liver diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. 57% patients had transaminase level of >100 IU/l. Severe hepatocellular necrosis was remarkable in patients went to liver disease clinic. Important co-infection in 54 patients went to liver disease clinic was HIV-HBV-HVC. Intravenous drug users can be co-infected with many different viruses with severe hepatocellular necrosis, so they need appropriate treatments
HIV ; Hepatitis ; Mycobacterium Infections

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of perioral vascular complications resulting from filler injections, such as necrosis of the lip or alar rim, occlusion, and in severe cases, blindness. Conversely, the use of perioral arterial flaps is becoming more prevalent in the treatment of cleft lips, cancer, and trauma. A thorough understanding of perioral arteries is essential to minimize complications and maximize the success of these flaps. However, the course of the facial artery (FA) in the perioral region remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to describe the variations of the FA in the perioral region. Methods: We dissected 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers. We then studied the size and distribution of perioral arteries in 102 specimens. Results: The superior labial artery (SLA) was the most common branch, occurring in 87.25% of cadavers, followed by the inferior labial artery (ILA) at 78.43%. The SLA primarily originated above the mouth corner (cheilion), accounting for 91.01% of cases, and predominantly exhibited a tortuous course within the submucosa (78.65%). The ILA’s branching pattern varied, but it was primarily located below the cheilion (91.25%). The ILA also followed a twisted path, generally within the submucosa. The ILA exhibited two patterns: the typical pattern, distributed at the vermilion border of the lower lip (8.82%), and the horizontal labiomental artery pattern, which ran horizontally in the middle of the lower lip area (69.61%). At their origin, the SLA and ILA had average external diameters of 1.29 mm and 1.28 mm, respectively. Conclusion Numerous anatomical variations in the FA in the perioral region were found. A detailed anatomic description, suggested landmarks, and angiography before the procedure will be useful to help doctors avoid complications.

Background: The facial artery is an important blood vessel responsible for supplying the anterior face. Understanding the branching patterns of the facial artery plays a crucial role in various medical specialties such as plastic surgery, dermatology, and oncology. This knowledge contributes to improving the success rate of facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures. However, debate continues regarding the classification of facial artery branching patterns in the existing literature. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive anatomical study, in which we dissected 102 facial arteries from 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers at the Anatomy Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results: Our investigation revealed eight distinct termination points and identified 35 combinations of branching patterns, including seven arterial branching patterns. These termination points included the inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, inferior alar artery, lateral nasal artery, angular artery typical, angular artery running along the lower border of the orbicularis oculi muscle, forehead branch, duplex, and short course (hypoplastic). Notably, the branching patterns of the facial artery displayed marked asymmetry between the left and right sides within the same cadaver. Conclusion The considerable variation observed in the branching pattern and termination points of the facial artery makes it challenging to establish a definitive classification system for this vessel. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an anatomical map summarizing the major measurements and geometric features of the facial artery. Surgeons and medical professionals involved in facial surgery and procedures must consider the detailed anatomy and relative positioning of the facial artery to minimize the risk of unexpected complications.

Background: With the development of HIV/AIDS pandemic in community, amount of HIV/AIDS people more and more increase in prison. Objectives: Determine the rate of HIV/AIDS infection of prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Learning about related elements to HIV/AIDS infection. Subjects and method: Prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Method: 492 prisoners were chosen, interviewed directly and taken blood samples to HIV test. Using cross-sectional study on accidental samples. Techniques were used in this study: SERODIA-HIV and ELISA technique. Results: The rate of current HIV/AIDS infections was 21,74%, some HIV/AIDS related factors in the prison included sex, religion, income source, marrital status, common knowledge of HIV/AIDS, drug addiction history, needle sharing, sexually transmitted disease history, body tatoos and forskin inserted with metal balls, alcohol and beer drinking history, some factors such as: age and educational level were not associated with HIV/AIDS infection in prison. Conclusion: Strengthen interventional activities in prison to prevent HIV/AIDS spread between prisoners. To prisoners who were not infected HIV/AIDS: strengthen educational communication to they may prevent themselves from HIV/AIDS infection behaviors. To HIV/AIDS prisoners: Need to educate and consult especially to they have right behaviors, prevent HIV/AIDS spread for the others while they were in prison as well as they return to society.
HIV Infections/ blood ; complications ; epidemiology ;

Little is known about antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) intestinal carriage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Vietnam. All HCWs at a tertiary intensive care units were asked to undertake weekly rectal swabs. Among 40 participants, 65% (26/40) carried extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Two HCWs colonized with ESBL/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. One HCW colonized with Acinetobacter baumannii. No one carried Pseudomonas spp.. A quarter (10/40) of HCWs were identified as persistent and frequent carriers. There is an urgent need to screen antibiotic-resistant GNB among HCWs and improve HCWs' hand hygiene compliance to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant GNB in the hospital.

Little is known about antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) intestinal carriage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Vietnam. All HCWs at a tertiary intensive care units were asked to undertake weekly rectal swabs. Among 40 participants, 65% (26/40) carried extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Two HCWs colonized with ESBL/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. One HCW colonized with Acinetobacter baumannii. No one carried Pseudomonas spp.. A quarter (10/40) of HCWs were identified as persistent and frequent carriers. There is an urgent need to screen antibiotic-resistant GNB among HCWs and improve HCWs' hand hygiene compliance to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant GNB in the hospital.

As part of our continued study on the chemical constituents of Willughbeia edulis stems, a new dimeric lignan named edulignan (1) was isolated from its EtOAc-soluble extract. Based on NMR spectroscopic interpretation, the planar structure of 1 has been suggested to have two 2-substituted 4-chromanone subunits with different stereochemical configurations. In addition, the MS/MS analysis of the products obtained by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis of 1 was supportive of its structure. Unfornatually, the new compound 1 did not show α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value > 250 μM.