Knowledge and practice of reproductive health care among mothers of under 1 year old age children in 3 communes of Phu Luong District, Thai Nguyen provine were evaluated, 88,8% subjects having under 11 moths infant had undergone 3 examinations before during and after delivery. In pregnant period, 94/105 subjects had used ferrous tablet, 2/3 did not use vitamin A concerning the knowledge of children care and nutrition, 12,4% subjects thrown away their colostrum, 75% used traditional medicine for treating children's fever, 39% for breathing difficulties, 35% for nubilical inflammation. Therefore, promoting health care knowledge and reproductive care education.. must be recommended.
Mothers ; Knowledge ; Child ; Reproduction

Background: Wrist joint damage is early, common symptom and in diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: to describe characteristics of MRI of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects and methods: This was a describe study. The study included 41 patients who were diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis according to the criteria of American College of Rheumatology- 1987 from January to October - 2006. Results: The average disease duration was 16.4 \xb114.71months. According to Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS) 2002, damages on MRI included: 100% of patients had synovitis (5.9 \xb1 2.20), 100% of patients had bone erosions (15.3 \xb1 11.06) and 90% of patients had bone edema (7.3 \xb1 5.86), total score 28.6 \xb1 16.58. The correlative coefficient between synovitis and bone edema: r=0.43, P<0.01, between synovitis and bone erosions:r=0.61, P<0.01, between bone erosions and bone edema: r=0.55, P<0.01. MRI revealed bone erosions in 100% of patients having rheumatoid arthritis less six months after symptom onset compared with 0% of patients on radiography. In patients with over 2 years of disease duration, this rate on MRI was 100% of patients compared with 87.5% of patients on radiography. Conclusions: The specific damages of the wrist on MRI have value in diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Arthritis ; Rheumatoid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;

Background: The change of blood pressure during hemodialysis has been noted for long time. However, there were few studies on the rise of blood pressure during hemodialysis. The clinical meaning of hypertension during hemodialysis has not been understood clearly. Objective: To study the role of calcium concentration in dialysate in the rise of blood pressure during hemodialysis sessions. Subjects and method: Prospective study performed on 9 stable patients on chronic hemodialysis treated at Viet Duc Hospital including 5 female and 4 male patients. The mean age of patients was 47.6 years. The patients had period 1 of 10 weeks of treatment using dialysate 1 A (with calcium concentration 1.8 mmol/l) and then they were switched to period 2 of 10 other weeks using dialysate 3A (with calcium concentration 1.25 mmol/l). Results:The blood pressure of patients during the period 2 using 3A dialysate was better controlled during hemodialysis sessions. The response to erythropoietin treatment was similar in both periods. The serum calcium was lower after using 3A dialysate. Conclusions: Using dialysate with lower calcium concentration can be helpful for controlling the hypertension during hemodialysis sessions. The appropriate calcium concentration in dialysate needs to be selected to avoid the hypocalcaemia in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Renal Dialysis ; Hypertension

Background: Primary nephrotic syndrome in adult patients is a common sign of patients with primary glomerular disease. Objective: To evaluate the responsiveness of adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome to corticosteroid alone or in combination with cyclophosphamid and the treatment - related complications. Subjects and method: Based on pathological findings 91 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome divided into 2 groups: group 1 (75 patients) were assigned to receive corticosteroid alone at 1 mg/kg/day, group 2 (16 patients) were assigned to receive the corticosteroid at 0.5 mg/kg/day and cyclophosphamid at 2 mg/kg/day. 11 non - responders from group 1 were switched to group 2 after 6 months of treatment by \r\n', u'corticosteroid alone. The response to therapy was assessed after 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Results:In group 1 the number of patients responding to corticosteroid alone was increasing from 38 after 3 months to 50 after 6 months. In group 2 the number of patients responding to combined protocol was increasing from 4 (14.8%) to 12 (44.4%). The most frequently seen corticosteroid - related complication was cushingoid which is reversible after reducing dose or stop treatment. Severe complications were not common. For the whole group taking cyclophosphamid leucocytopenia, was seen in 4/27 (14.8%) patients, in subgroup of women hypo - amenorrhea was observed in 3/15 (20%) of cases. Conclusions: Results of study encourage the prolongation of treatment. Sterility and if possible preventive measures should be taken into consideration when cyclophosphamid is selected for young patients in reproductive age.\r\n', u'
Nephrotic Syndrome/ therapy

In this report we describe a new approach in HIV sentinel surveillance that was piloted in Viet Nam in 2009 and is currently being rolled out in all provinces. It comprises a brief behavioural questionnaire added to the HIV sentinel surveillance surveys conducted routinely among people who inject drugs, female sex workers and men who have sex with men. Timely reporting of data from this system has resulted in improvements to HIV prevention efforts for most at-risk populations.

Globally, providing evidence on the economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming essential as it assists the health authorities to efficiently allocate resources. This study aimed to summarize the literature on economic burden evidence for COPD from 1990 to 2019. This study examined the economic burden of COPD through a systematic review of studies from 1990 to 2019. A search was done in online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. After screening 12,734 studies, 43 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified. General study information and data on direct, indirect, and intangible costs were extracted and converted to 2018 international dollars (Int$). Findings revealed that the total direct costs ranged from Int$ 52.08 (India) to Int$ 13,776.33 (Canada) across 16 studies, with drug costs rannging from Int$ 70.07 (Vietnam) to Int$ 8,706.9 (China) in 11 studies. Eight studies explored indirect costs, while one highlighted caregivers’ direct costs at approximately Int$ 1,207.8 (Greece). This study underscores the limited research on COPD caregivers’ economic burdens, particularly in developing countries, emphasizing the importance of increased research support, particularly in high-resource settings. This study provides information about the demographics and economic burden of COPD from 1990 to 2019. More strategies to reduce the frequency of hospital admissions and acute care services should be implemented to improve the quality of COPD patients’ lives and reduce the disease’s rising economic burden.

Sphaeranthus africanus is commonly used as a traditional remedy for sore throats and pain treatment in Vietnam. The aerial parts have been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. However, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the plant has not been explored. In this work, hydrophilic extracts of the plant's aerial parts were prepared in order to investigate its antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Also, the cytotoxicity of the root was evaluated and compared to that of the aerial parts. All of the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC 50 values ranging from 2.05 to 3.56 µg/mL, indicating substantial antioxidant activity. At an IC 50 value of 4.80 μg/mL, the 50% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-glucosidase. The cytotoxic activity of root extracts is 2 to 5-fold less than that of the aerial parts. Nevertheless, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the root demonstrated a selective effect on leukemia cells, with no harm towards the normal HEK-293 cell line. This work provides a scientific support for the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the plant. Hence, it may find a promising material for the development of novel antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. More research can be conducted on the phytochemistry and anticancer activities of the plant’s root.

Ethmoid myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, with only 14 cases reported to date. This report discusses the largest tumor of this type ever recorded in the ethmoid region. The tumor caused extensive damage to facial structures, complicating treatment. The patient’s age and comorbidities increased the risk of intraoperative bleeding, presenting challenges to the complete removal of the tumor and the reconstruction of the damaged structures. To reduce the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage, shorten the surgery time, and manage potential heartrelated complications, arterial embolization was performed using gelatin sponges and coils. Definitive surgery was then carried out using a skin flap and mucosal flap to successfully reconstruct the defect. Postoperative radiotherapy was deemed unnecessary. The patient recovered well, with a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. No recurrence was observed during a 3-year follow-up period.

Ethmoid myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, with only 14 cases reported to date. This report discusses the largest tumor of this type ever recorded in the ethmoid region. The tumor caused extensive damage to facial structures, complicating treatment. The patient’s age and comorbidities increased the risk of intraoperative bleeding, presenting challenges to the complete removal of the tumor and the reconstruction of the damaged structures. To reduce the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage, shorten the surgery time, and manage potential heartrelated complications, arterial embolization was performed using gelatin sponges and coils. Definitive surgery was then carried out using a skin flap and mucosal flap to successfully reconstruct the defect. Postoperative radiotherapy was deemed unnecessary. The patient recovered well, with a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. No recurrence was observed during a 3-year follow-up period.