This study was carried out on June 2004. Using the paper soaked in chemicals of WHO. Some insecticides, malathion 5% and Organophosphate Control; lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, alphacypermethrin 30 mg/m2 and Pyrethroid Control. The test was applied by the method of WHO (WHO/CDS/CPC/MAI/98.12). The results showed that: Culex vishnui in Khanh Vinh district had a high resistance to some insecticides such as: malathion, lambdacyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin with the mortality rate of 13% - 17%, 19.7% and 23.7%, respectively
Mosquitoes ; Culex ; Insecticides

The study was conducted in Khanh Trung commune, Khanh Vinh district of Khanh Hoa province to assess the mosquito infection two years after DEC administration. Seventeen species of mosquito belonging to 5 genera have been found of which the main vector Wuchereria bancrofti was predominant. Indoor collection of Culex quinquefasdatus at daytime and nighttime was 3.5 and 2.3 individuals/house, respectively. Cx. vishnui was mainly found on the cattle sheds with an average density of 4.6 individuals/shed. A total of 578 mosquitoes of five species (Cx. quinqllefasciatus, An. vaglls, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vislznui, Cx. fuscocephalus) were dissected. None of them were positive with microfilaria.
Culicidae ; Albendazole

A measurement of arterial blood gas in the exacerbation of 54 patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease shown that the arterial PaO2 was reduced in 20 patients (37%) and arterial PaCO2 was increased in 30 patients (55.6%). Among patients with the reduction of arterial PaO2¬, 14 patients experienced the respiratory failure, mainly type II respiratory failure. During the exacerbation of the disease, the arterial PaO2 reduction can occur in all 3 stages of the COPD.
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; diagnosis

Between April 1994 and May 1998, 90 patients with exacerbations of COPD were recruited in this study. Pulmonary ventilation was measured and evaluated using ATS criteria. The results showed that most of participants had combined ventilatory dysfunction (93.3%) and stage 1 or 2 of COPD (87.7%). 53.3% of patients were in stage 3 of COPD. There was not any relationship between FEV1 and chronic productive cough (r = -0.04). The instantaneous flow rates at different percentages of the FVC (MEF75%, MEF50%, MEF25%), PEF and PEF25-75% all decreased more than FEV1. There was not relationship between FEV1 and PEF, PEF25-75%, MEF75%, MEF50%, MEF25%. PEF was unreplaceable for FEV1 in diagnosis and monitoring COPD. After treatment, all these measurements increased partially (less than 15%).
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; pulmonary ventilation

Common bacteria on burn injuries are S. aureus, Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa, E. coli.... Rates of these bacteria infection vary between authors. Study on burn patients who hospitalized in the National Burn Institute between 6/1996 to 5/1997 showed that burn injury infection occurred in 100% of patients, with highest rate (100%) was seen in 1-3 days after burning, followed by period of 10-14 days after burning with the rate is 93.67%. The commonest bacterium is S. aureus (36.47%), followed by P. aeruginosa (29.18%). Infection rate of these bacteria combination was 18.35%. Rate of S. aureus infection was high in all 3 post-burning periods. Other bacteria were seen in periods of 5-7 and 10-14 days after burning.
burns ; Bacterial Infections

Nitro compounds of eugenol were rarely described because eugenol derivatives with OH- and CH2=CH-CH2 groups in the molecular can be easy oxidated and polymerized on nitration reaction. The nitration of eugenol derivatives is an important reaction because the nitro group can be converted into a large variety of other functional groups. Eugenoxy acetic acid its methyl, ethyl esters were treated with HNO3 in CH3COOH to give dinitro eugenoxy acetic acid, methyl dinitro eugenoxy acetate and ethyl dinitro eugenoxy acetate. IR- and UV - spectra show that one nitro group replaces H at benzene ring, the other replaces H at alkyl group.
Nitrogen ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2 patients received the microsurgical flap. Both flaps has been living well, the functions were recovered well. The shape of face was relatively equal. The patients received a false maxila and teeth. The moving functions of the leg donated the calcaneal bone were well recovered without influencing the life. The conclusion: the defct of facio-maxillary area is a major lession that should be treated. The technique of microsurgery with using the calcaneal bone flap helps reconstructing the facio-maxillary area.
Therapeutics ; Maxillary Diseases ; Surgical Flaps

The prevelence of gastric cancer in population is different according to areas but ingeneral, it is more likely in all countries. Surgery is the main treatment. Treatable surgery is gastrectomy. There are 2 different views in cutting total gastrectomy i.e. total gastrectomy based on rules and total gastrectomy by requests. There are many reconstruction oesophageal-intestinal condinuity in total gastrectomy in order to response 1 or 2 aims as follows: To create 1 sac instead of cut gastrectomy, to make patients eat more, their health will be better; Foods is intested by natural physiological route, through duodenum to small intestine in order to produce more bile liquid and pancreatic juice during digestion
Stomach Neoplasms ; Therapeutics ; surgery ; gastrectomy

From May 1995 to August 2004, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for 33 kinds of endoscopic operation according to 7 different specialities: bile-liver, digestive tract, abdomen, urine, thorax, joints with total number 7.462 were done. The duration of implementation of each operations were different. The mortality of laparoscopic cholecystectomies was 0.03%, postoperation events was 0.23%, complications was 0.23%. The duration of post-operative hospitalization was 3 days. Endoscopic surgery is safe and minimally invasive in comparison with open surgery. With advantages of endoscopic surgery, the surgeons can reach the lesions in the deep locations
surgery ; Endoscopy ; Safety ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; epidemiology

Using direct condensation method meconin with isoquinolinium isodid salt, the authors had synthesized of bicuculin by a new method. With this method, an important intermediacy - erythro cordrastin isomer - was created with the greater rate in comparison with threo isomer. Two isomers were separated easily due to silicagel chromatography. The erythro isomer was demethylated by BBr3 reagent. Methylenation of tetrahydroxy compound provided bicuculline racemic. Separate the contrasts of bicucullin racemic by acid D (+) could help to obtain (+) bicucullin with high optical purify which were reached standards for next biological tests
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chromatography