This study was carried out on June 2004. Using the paper soaked in chemicals of WHO. Some insecticides, malathion 5% and Organophosphate Control; lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, alphacypermethrin 30 mg/m2 and Pyrethroid Control. The test was applied by the method of WHO (WHO/CDS/CPC/MAI/98.12). The results showed that: Culex vishnui in Khanh Vinh district had a high resistance to some insecticides such as: malathion, lambdacyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin with the mortality rate of 13% - 17%, 19.7% and 23.7%, respectively
Mosquitoes ; Culex ; Insecticides

The study was conducted in Khanh Trung commune, Khanh Vinh district of Khanh Hoa province to assess the mosquito infection two years after DEC administration. Seventeen species of mosquito belonging to 5 genera have been found of which the main vector Wuchereria bancrofti was predominant. Indoor collection of Culex quinquefasdatus at daytime and nighttime was 3.5 and 2.3 individuals/house, respectively. Cx. vishnui was mainly found on the cattle sheds with an average density of 4.6 individuals/shed. A total of 578 mosquitoes of five species (Cx. quinqllefasciatus, An. vaglls, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vislznui, Cx. fuscocephalus) were dissected. None of them were positive with microfilaria.
Culicidae ; Albendazole

This study introduced the serum types of p.aeruginosa that found commonly in the septicemia due to the burn. The times of septicemia, relatives factor and evaluate ion of the antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa. The results found that the septicemia occurred frequently in the deep wide burn and wet thermal burn. The septicemia was direct proportional with the amount of bacterial/area of burn. The septicemia occurred frequently in the third to fifth days of the burn
Septicemia ; Burns

The burn related septicaemia were a major complication in burn infection with mortality is very high. Research on 203 patients who suspected burn related septicaemia were given emergency at The National Institute for Burn from June, 1996 to Feb, 1997 suggested that bacterial were found 42/203 (20,72%), bacteria were isolated, that are P. aeruginosa (69,05%), S.aureus (21,43%), mortality of septicaemia patients were 32/42 (76,19%). Among them P. aeruginosa induced 23/32 (71,19%). There are very high correlation between bacteria induced septicaemia and burn infection. Rate of burn septicaemia increase with amount of bacteria in 1 square cm of burn, deep level of burn and large area of burn. Burn septicaemia occurs mostly after 2 weeks.
Septicemia ; Burns

The antifungal activity of 10 vegetable essential oils and 10 traditional medicinal herbs was examined by measuring the minimum growth inhibitory concentration against three groups of fungi: yeast (Cadida albicans), mould (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger), and dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes). The essential oil of Cinnamon and the Alpinia galanga extract showed the strongest effect against all three groups of fungi. The combination effects of Cinnamon essential oil and 3 extracts of traditional medical herbs were determined by the agar dilution method against Candida albicans. The combination of Cinnamon essential oil and A. galanga extract at proportions (1:1) or (3:7) were synergist and the combinations of Cinnamon essential oil and Curcuma longa extract (1:1) or Chrysantherum indicum extract (1:1) were additive.
Antifungal Agents ; Oils, Volatile ; Medicine, Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

Antibiotic resistance of variety bacteria strains isolated from burn patients was investigated to find out effective antibiotics for burn-related infection. Subjects were 1049 bacteria strains isolated from burn injuries at the National Institute for burn from June 1996 to December 1998. Kirby Bauer technique was used. The commonest antibotic-resistant bacterium is P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus. Both of them are resistant completely to common antibiotics.
Drug Resistance, Bacteriall ; bacteria ; burns

Using direct condensation method meconin with isoquinolinium isodid salt, the authors had synthesized of bicuculin by a new method. With this method, an important intermediacy - erythro cordrastin isomer - was created with the greater rate in comparison with threo isomer. Two isomers were separated easily due to silicagel chromatography. The erythro isomer was demethylated by BBr3 reagent. Methylenation of tetrahydroxy compound provided bicuculline racemic. Separate the contrasts of bicucullin racemic by acid D (+) could help to obtain (+) bicucullin with high optical purify which were reached standards for next biological tests
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chromatography

Phthalideisoquinoline alcaloid norbicuculline have been synthesized by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization. The racemic norbicuculline were resolved into (+) and (-) forms. Methylation of (+ )norbicuculline provided (+)bicuculline. Researching bicucullin synthesis by the method of Bischler – napieralski shows that bicucullin is synthesized from Piperonal and Beta - (3,4 methylendioxy) – phenylethylamin by method of Bischler – napieralski. Isomers of ( ±) erythro and (±) threo norbicucullin are easily separated thank to nhờ sắc kí cột silicagel. Afterwards, optical isomers of (±) norbicucullin are also separated with high optical purity and good output. Methyl changed into (+) erythro norbicucullin is to gather (+) bicucullin gaining standards for biological experiments
Bicuculline ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Reviewing cholera epidemics in Thua Thien-Hue province yielded that people at all age groups had caught cholera, 36% of all these cholera cases were in less than 15 years old group. In 2003, there was a transform from type V.E. OGAWA to V.E. INABA. The C-degree dehydration has been increased and made 50% among cholera patients, statistically higher than the rates of the years 2003, 1992 and 1993. This bacterium was still sensitive to common antibiotics shown on antibiograms. However ampicilline has been at risk of drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully choose antibiotics for treatment and chemo-prophylaxis for people.
Cholera ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology

Renal traumatic hematuria is a surgical emergency and a leading cause of morbidity. Embolization was performed in 5 patients with various renal vascular lesions: 2 blunt renal trauma, 1 stab woulnd, 2 intraoperative vascular lesions.The source of hemorrhage had been identified by angiography, superselective embolization was able to control hematuria in these patients
Hematuria ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Therapeutics