In 2004, the technical measures combined to health education were further strengthened. The malaria situation, therefore, was improved as the morbidity was reduced by 20%, malaria cases reduced by 3.6% and PSR reduced by 17%. However, malaria prevalence is inhomogeneously distributed with more malaria cases found in the former highly endemic districts
Malaria ; Epidemiology

Study of malaria epidemiology in Hoa Binh province in 2004. Results: the prevalence was down by 10% in comparing to that of 2003; there was no death of malaria, no malaria epidemic, malaria parasite was down to 18.9%. During 2003-2004 period malaria parasite was mostly transmitted from residents working in the South or other provinces. Epidemiological characteristics in 2004 changed dramatically in comparison with 1992 in Hoa Binh, malaria indicators decreased. 1992: 1,182 parasites in 100 communes, 2004: 60 parasites mostly imported to some communes. In 1992, 100% Hoa Binh residents were in malaria areas, this figure in 2004 was 47%.
Malaria ; Epidemiology

Malaria status in Lang Son province in first 5 months of 2003 was quite stable. Malaria surveillance was quite closed. In 10.110 smears was detected in communes and intensive care units, there was only 13 imported malaria parasites (parasite/smear reduced 13%). The reports of some communes about the prevalence of malaria in 5 months of 2003 was not accurate due to they did not understand clearly about changed malaria report form. Provincial health station in some areas still mistake the person, who is received preventive malaria drug is malaria patient
malaria ; Disease ; epidemiology

In comparison to the same period in 2002, Bac Giang province have reached 3 goals of malaria control program during early 5 months in 2003: the incidence of malaria increased 10%, only 3 cases of exotic parasite, no death of malaria, no malaria outbreak. Some activities of malaria control program have been taken already : epidemiological surveillance, vector control, communication, training, supplying forms of reports for all villages and districts, appropriate use of expenditures and materials. Results of examination at June 2003 showed that epidemiological situation was still stable and there were good activities in malaria control program
malaria ; Disease ; Disease Management ; epidemiology

In 2003, due to practice effectively malaria prevention programs and intensify supervise malaria epidemiology that malaria prevention in Tuyen Quang provice had good results, gained 3 aims: malaria morbidity reduced 28%, malaria mortality 0%. Malaria epidemiology was stable in Tuyen Quang. However, in 15 malaria parasites in Tuyen Quang in 2003, there was 14 was exotic malaria parasites from the South and other provinces. Therefore, in the later years, beside the investigation, management of Ministy of Health, the government project for malaria prevention, National Institute of Malariology - Parasitology - Entomology, Tuyen Quang needed to implement well malaria epidemiological surveillance in basic levels and malaria preventive plan to maintain gained malaria preventive results
malaria ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Dac Lac is a mountainous province in the centre of Vietnam with the population of 1,735,501 people, 13 districts, 1 town, 165 communes, 2,207 hamlets. The population and ethics in Dac Lac province increase rapidly due to freedly migrated of the people from the whole country, from 1985 up to now. Those characteristics together with complex geographical condition and the largest area of the country, forests, together with low mountains, so malaria in Dac Lac province has annualy the highest incidence and mordarity of the whole country. The situation of malaria in Dac Lac province decrease and stabilized in July 2004. In order to continuing decrease and stabilize the malaria, in Dac Lac province, it must be continue to strengthen the control of malaria, implement the plan of malaria prevention, consolidate the basic network of health and speciality of malaria
Malaria ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Thanks to investment and guide of Ministry of Health and National Project for malaria prevention, National Institute of Malariology - Parasitology – Entomology, from 1998 to 10 early months of 2003, malaria status have been gained stably in Ha Giang province. Three targets of the malaria control program: “reduction of morbidity, no death of malaria and no malaria outbreak” have always been gained. These achievements have been obtained due to Ha Giang have implemented well malaria prevention plans, increasing malaria surveillance. The frequent malaria surveillance in 10 early months of 2003 has helped to early detect and manage all malaria cases in the province
Malaria ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; diagnosis ;

A malaria survey was carried out in May 2008 in the Northeastern, Province of Hoa Binh. It was found that malaria in the province was retained stable and tended reduced. In 2007, 1.075 malaria cases of which 39 confirmed parasites (mainly imported ones) were found over the province. This malaria prevalence was reduced by 97% as compared to that of 1992. No malaria outbreak and death were reported. The malaria control activities were carried out simultaneously. At the peripheral level, such activities as detection, diagnosis and treatment were well maintained. Artemisinin based combinations were used for malaria treatment. The vector control at the key malaria regions was completed protecting 82167 inhabitants. IEC on malaria control as well as monitoring and retraining of health staff were regularly maintained. The guidance and investment from Government, Ministry of Health and National Institute of Malariology \u2013 Parasitology and Entomology are necessary to maintain the result of malaria prevention in Hoa Binh province.
Malaria control ; IEC ; Hoa Binh province

A new crinane-type alkaloid, 6-epihydroxypowelline (1), together with six known alkaloids, lycorine (2), 2-O-acetyllycorine (3), deacetylbowdensine (4), 1-epideacetylbowdensine (5), 8-demethyl-3-oxomaritidine (6), and (-)-marithamine (7) were isolated from the whole parts of the Crinum latifolium L. in Vietnam. The structure identification of all compounds was determined by 1D, 2D-NMR as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of these compounds was established by the ECD data. In addition, in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was assessed for all isolated alkaloids. All alkaloids had AChE inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 32.65 ± 2.72 to 212.76 ± 8.30 µM and compound 3 displayed the strongest inhibition of AChE, with IC50 values of 32.65 ± 2.72 µM (in comparison to the reference drug, galanthamine, which had an IC50 of 2.40 ± 0.45 µM).

A new crinane-type alkaloid, 6-epihydroxypowelline (1), together with six known alkaloids, lycorine (2), 2-O-acetyllycorine (3), deacetylbowdensine (4), 1-epideacetylbowdensine (5), 8-demethyl-3-oxomaritidine (6), and (-)-marithamine (7) were isolated from the whole parts of the Crinum latifolium L. in Vietnam. The structure identification of all compounds was determined by 1D, 2D-NMR as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of these compounds was established by the ECD data. In addition, in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was assessed for all isolated alkaloids. All alkaloids had AChE inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 32.65 ± 2.72 to 212.76 ± 8.30 µM and compound 3 displayed the strongest inhibition of AChE, with IC50 values of 32.65 ± 2.72 µM (in comparison to the reference drug, galanthamine, which had an IC50 of 2.40 ± 0.45 µM).