A statistic investigation was conducted on all species of animals as a whole with their distribution, their status of existence up to the year 2003.There are 408 species including 22 classes, 6 branches of animal which had been used and had been identified in Vietnam. Among them, 393 species have been living in wild nature, their 152 species were registered into Vietnam’s Red Book. According to the APPENDIX of The Decree n.48/2002/ND-CP and The Appendix of CITES_ Guide to Plants and Animals in Trade, Authors had Recommended the use of breeding animals instead of wild animals
animals ; medicine ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Study on 80 plant samples and medicinal plants stored at Specimen Department of National Institute of Medicinal Materials from 1990 until now. Results showed that: 5 species of Panax L. were recognized in Vietnam, among them 3 species grew wildly and 2 species were imported. Besides China, Vietnam, India and Nepal are three countries have 3 ginseng species which grew wildly. Among three wildly ginseng species, Panax stipulenatus is considered as new species, adding to Vietnam plant system and is endemic of Southern of China - Northern Vietnam. Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv is narrow endemic of the Middle area of Vietnam. The three species are especially valuable and need to be protected from extinction in Vietnam. Some samples of P.pseudoginseng Wall in Vietnam collected before 1970s were identified as Panax pseudoginseng Wall. To avoid confusion, it should be called as "pseudoginseng" or "sâm tam thất". Medicinal plant named "Tam thất" in Vietnam market at the moment, which imported from China, is P. notoginseng (Burk.) Chen. The successful P.ginseng import and grow is shedding the light on widening a new valuable medicinal plant in our country
Plants, medicinal ; Medicine, Traditional

The study was carried out on 5,579 households of 28 rural communes, among them 1,463 households had olders. The needs of medical service were very high (prevalence of self-reported illness was 1.8-2.4 times a year). Prevalence of olders who accessed clean water was very low, and the rate of medical insurance cover was 10.96%. Access time of local infirmaries was 12.3 minutes, of private drugstores was 11.1 minutes, and of hospitals was 14 minutes. The average cost of 1 illness course was 134,500VND. It’s necessary to strengthen communication about drug use, to increase amount of physicians in local infirmaries, and to promote local medical services.
Health Services ; Aged ; Epidemiology

An inquiry was conducted on 842 elderly subjects in Cam Lo rural district, Quang Tri province. Demographically, there was a percentage of 79.22% of elderly in 60-89 age group. Female subjects accounted for 62.71%, nearly twofolds higher than male (27.29%), 82.91% of household were family of 2, 3 generations. 5.81% of elderly female had been living alone. In elderly community, 1.06% not married, 36.22% needed a support from the offspring, 37.30% needed a self supply of living cost, 12.23% had got an official subsidy. 26.01% had conducted a merry life, 14.49% had taken meat, fish and egg 15 times a month, 14.98% had had hygiene and well being conditions of life, 41.8% had had their activities in the association of elderly.
Sociology ; Aged ; Health ; Epidemiology

Subjects: Patients without health insurance were discharged in Gia Luong district hospital, Bac Ninh province in 4/1998; 81,08% population of Gia Luong district have no health insurance 0,8% population received the human health insurance. 383 inpatients without health insurance (58,8%) and 41,2% inpatient with health insurance. The average duration of treatment was 7,4 days, less than this of inpatient with health insurance (8,5 days).Total cost/patient/round of treatment was 375.000 VND. This cost was higher 2,7 times than average income. 40,5% inpatients had to borrow. 1/4 (25%) patients want to early discharged during uncompleted free-disease. The rate of poor population received hospital bursar reduction or was very low because of the complicated procedure.
Inpatients ; Case Reports [Publication Type] ; hospitals