Interview about direct cost and record results of screening in 1451 vaccinated people at Tropical Hospital and Medic from 2001 September to 2002 May. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: 933 people in 20-39 years old group and 518 in the group of >40 years old. Results: group of 20-39 years old: the rate of HBV exposure was 55.8%, people in this group have high income and vaccinate themselves. Analysis of sensitivity showed that screening methods predominate. In >40 years old group: rate of HBV exposure was 58.4%. Cost-effective analysis showed that people in this group have to be screening before vaccination. Screening methods are predominant, and it could be chosen without consideration before vaccination
Hepatitis B ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diseases

A model of immunization of viral hepatitis B with low cost and high efficacy was established in HoChiMinh city with a procedure of two episodes of vaccination. The cost effectiveness was analysed. The non-screening method was recommended for children of 10-14 years old with a procedure of two episodes of vaccination. If possible, HBsAg test must be done for prevention and treatment rather than for economic aims
Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Child

The economic effectiveness of two model of B hepatitis immunization for the group of 20-29 years old living in Ho Chi Minh city was analyzed in the year 2003. The related parameters were: HBV incidence, the protecting effect the vaccin, the complicance of immunization schedule, the cost of vaccin and of laboratory assay, the travelling cost, the income loss, service fee devoted for health staff. Result showed that the model of supplies of vaccin in living and working fields for users had had absolute predominance with 1 diminutrition of 7.345.000 VND for 100 cases of preventive vaccination
hepatitis B ; Hepatitis ; Diseases

A horizontal section descriptive study was conducted from September 2001 to May 2002 on the subjects who never been vaccinated previously. The examinations for HBsAg and antiHBs were performed by ELISA technique on ASXYM apparatus before the vaccination. Most of 1841 choosen subjects were of aged 15-19, 20-29 and 30-39 groups. The rate of protected subjects was 35.8%, the least was in the aged group of 10-14. These rates were similar in 2 genders
Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Diseases ; Vaccination

This is the first time a case of ovarian adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a twin pregnant woman at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of HuÕ Central Hospital. The incidence of ovarian cancer during pregnancy is approximately 1 to 25000 pregnancies. About 70 cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma during pregnancy have been reported. to our knowledge, this is the first report of poorly differentiated papillary serious adenocarcinoma in twin pregnancy. Overall, the ovarian adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis. It is necessary to enhance the primary health care system to detect the disease at the earlier stage, obtain better treatment result and improve the prognosis. The maternal prognosis depends solely on the extension of the tumor. The fetal prognosis is poor during the first six months of pregnancy, especially if the tumor is advanced of progressive. The wishes of the parents and their family should be taken into account when making therapeutic decision for these cases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Twins ; Pregnancy

The study was conducted from 12/2000 to 12/ 2001 on 1997 medical students at Hå ChÝ Minh City Medico-Pharmaceutical University. 117 students who were negative with HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were vaccinated with Merck Sharp & Dohm-produced vaccine. Three consecutive doses of 10mcg vaccine were delivered at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs antibody was measured at 7 and 8 months of the study. It was noted that the second antibody titer was the third of first one. In the first assessment all participants had the antibody at protective level (i.e. 10mUI/ml or more), with mean titer was 789±304mUI/ml. 98.1% (105/107) of cases had anti-HBs level of 100mUI/ml or more, and 62.6% (67/107) of cases had reached the level of 1000mUI/ml or more. By 18 months, the mean antibody titer level was 248±209mUI/ml. The frequency distribution of anti-HBs level of 0mUI/ml, £10mUI/ml, 10 to £100mUI/ml, 100 to £1000mUI/ml and ³ 1000mUI/ml was 0 (0%), 1(0.9%), 5(4.7%), 35(32.7%), 59(55.1%) and 7(6.5%), respectively. The difference between two titer measures was statistical significant with p<0.001. However, there was no difference titers of male students (p=0.69) and female students (p=0.24). After 18 months of vaccination, there was only one acquired HBV case with anti-HBc (+) but had no clinical manifestation. No carrier was detected.
Hepatitis B ; Vaccination

Background: According to WHO, there are 5 million deaths from kinds of injury a year in the world, of which 875000 deaths occur in children under 18 years old. Injury leads to 40000 deaths which account for 10.7% deaths due to all other causes a year in VietNam. Objective: To show conclusions of the situation of child injury, recommendations for prevention of child injury and methods in order to enhance emergency activity in Vietnam. Subjects and method: The authors collected information about all patients who had emergencies due to injury at Viet Duc hospital, from March 26th 2006 to Octorber 26th 2006. However, supervised cases were the patients under 18 years old who were examined and treated at the Department of Emergency. Results: During the period of study, 2536 patients under 18 years old were examined for injury, of which death and coming back home for death were 83 cases (3.27%). 974 children had emergency resulted from injury: male was more than female: 697 verus 227. The leading causes of child injury were fall and traffic accident, respetively 34% and 60%. The most common traumas were traumatic brain injury (45%), limbs injury (41%). Although most of cases had first aid at the hospitals in district or province level, the rate of non-first aid cases was high (34%). Conclusion: Child injury is a leading cause of child death in hospitals. Methods for prevention of child injury should focus on educating and propagandizing to minimize injuries caused by traffic accident and fall.
Wounds and Injuries ; Child

OBJECTIVE: In frozen and thawed embryos, the zona pellucida (ZP) can be damaged due to hardening. Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) of embryos can increase the pregnancy rate. This study compared thinning and drilling of the ZP before frozen embryo transfer (FET). METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups for LAH using thinning or drilling on day 2 after thawing. Twenty-five percent of the ZP circumference and 50% of the ZP thickness was removed in the thinning group, and a hole 40 µm in diameter was made in the drilling group. RESULTS: A total of 171 in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection FET cycles, including 85 cycles with drilling LAH and 86 cycles with thinning LAH, were carried out. The thinning group had a similar β-human chorionic gonadotropin-positive rate (38.4% vs. 29.4%), implantation rate (16.5% vs. 14.4%), clinical pregnancy rate (36.0% vs. 25.9%), miscarriage rate (5.8% vs. 2.4%), ongoing pregnancy rate (30.2% vs. 23.5%), and multiple pregnancy rate (7.0% vs. 10.6%) to the drilling LAH group. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between subgroups defined based on age (older or younger than 35 years) or ZP thickness (greater or less than 17 µm) according to the LAH method. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that partial ZP thinning or drilling resulted in similar outcomes in implantation and pregnancy rates using thawed embryos, irrespective of women's age or ZP thickness.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chorion ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Spermatozoa ; Zona Pellucida

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among reproductive-age women. Its metabolic features often overlap with those associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of MS and IRS in infertile Vietnamese women with PCOS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary fertility centre at Hue University Hospital from June 2016 to November 2017. A total of 441 infertile women diagnosed with PCOS based on the revised 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria were enrolled. MS and IRS were defined based on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Adult Treatment Panel III 2005 and American College of Endocrinology IRS 2003 criteria, respectively. Complete clinical and biochemical measurements of 318 women were available for analysis. Independent predictors of MS and IRS were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MS and IRS in women with PCOS was 10.4% and 27.0%, respectively. We identified older age (>30 years) and obesity as independent predictors of MS and IRS. Elevated anti-Müllerian hormone levels increased the risk of IRS, but not that of MS. CONCLUSION: MS and IRS are prevalent disorders among infertile Vietnamese women with PCOS. PCOS is not solely a reproductive problem. Screening and early intervention for MS and/or IRS based on anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive hormone risk factors should be an integral part of fertility care.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Consensus ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Fertility ; Heart ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Logistic Models ; Lung ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vietnam*

OBJECTIVE: Sperm cryopreservation has been widely used in assisted reproductive technology, as it offers great potential for the treatment of some types of male infertility. However, cryopreservation may result in changes in membrane lipid composition and acrosome status, as well as reductions in sperm motility and viability. This study aimed to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation damage caused by conventional freezing using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. METHODS: In total, 120 fresh human semen samples were frozen by conventional methods, using SpermFreeze Solution as a cryoprotectant. Routine semen analysis and a Halosperm test (using the Halosperm kit) were performed on each sample before freezing and after thawing. Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared between these groups. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology after conventional freezing (32.78%, 79.58%, and 3.87% vs. 16%, 55.99%, and 2.55%, respectively). The sperm head, midpiece, and tail defect rate increased slightly after freezing. Furthermore, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was significantly higher after thawing than before freezing (19.21% prior to freezing vs. 22.23% after thawing). Significant increases in the DFI after cryopreservation were observed in samples with both normal and abnormal motility and morphology, as well as in those with normal viability. CONCLUSION: Conventional freezing seems to damage some sperm parameters, in particular causing a reduction in sperm DNA integrity.
Acrosome ; Chromatin ; Cryopreservation ; DNA Fragmentation ; DNA ; Freezing ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Membranes ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Tail