The photocopier can cause the working environmental pollution and influence the human health. The sources from photocopier can influence the health including the photoconductive compounds, components of ink, dust of ink, polymer, ozone, light, ultraviolet ray, noise and heat... Therefore, it should assure the principles of recommendations in the installation, operation, and maintenance to prevent from the bad impacts for the health and environment
Environment and Public Health ; Copying Processes

Participants in this study were 98 bank staffs who were 20-40 years old and had worked with computer for 2 to 10 years at Vietcombank and Incombank. The results showed that the labor condition of bank staffs have been not good: working places are cramped, in-door CO2 level is high, light condition and working site design is not good, noisy. Rate of staffs who have complaints about bone-muscular problems and visual symptoms after a labor shift is high. Findings of visiotest showed that working with computer have effects on visual function as decrease in power of vision and increase in the time to see stereo images
Computers ; Delivery of Health Care

A study on the working environment, ergonomics(problems related with working place, skin, stress, reproductive health..) for computer users has shown that the causes of skin disorders were unknown. There was no evidence of the relation between the reproductive problems and computer using. The rate of vision disturbs in computer users was much higher than this in others. The causes of the bone disorders in computer users were unknown. Properties and level of stress depended on many factors. This paper also regarded to the close room syndrome and impacts of the short frequent electromagnetism
Computers ; Delivery of Health Care

Our country is being the duration of industrialization and modernization. This process required the changes of working conditions and new problems for the occupational medicine in the study, services as well as education and training
Occupational Health ; Delivery of Health Care

Women occupy the majority among work force of education. The preliminary research on working condition and its effects on female teachers showed out workplace factors related to female teachers’ health and the changes of some psycho-physiological parameters as well as the signs of fatigue and strain after work. The research has made some suggestion for further studies
Faculty ; Work ; female ; workplace

The results of the cross-sectional study on musculo-skeletal disorders in 125 tea-workers showed that the percentage of musculo-skeletal complaints was very high (98.4%). The most common parts affected by pain were: low back (90.4%), shoulders (55.2 - 57.6%), knees (53.6 - 56.0%), hands (45.6 - 48.0%), and wrists (31.2 - 34.4%). High frequency of operation, poor postures in some jobs as well as long working time influenced on musculo-skeletal disorders. The relation between seriousness of the disorders and the level of musculo-skeletal complaints was remarkable. Some recommendations were suggested aiming at reducing the adverse effects of occupational factors
Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Musculoskeletal System

74 patients with severe tetanus who have indication of artificial ventilation were evaluated. These patients were 15 years old or less at baseline. Participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (40 patients) had received artificial ventilation, and group 2 (34 patients) had not received artificial ventilation due to the ventilators were not available. The mortality of groups 1 was 60% (16/40) and that of group 2 was 94.12% (32/34). Ventilators are very helpful in the management of severe tetanus but their complications caused many problems
Tetanus ; Pediatrics

Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus is a leading cause of encephalitis in children with high mortality and complication. JE is a dangerous infectious disease via Culex mosquitoes. Objective: To identify the density of some mosquitoes and vectors that transmit JE virus in Ha Nam province. Subject and Method:There were 30.333 mosquitoes including 05 genera and 15 species which were collected at night from April 2006 to March 2007 in the following communes: Tanson (midland area) Hungcong (plain area) and Liemchinh (suburban area). Results: A total of 06 Culex species, the highest rate is Culex tritaeniohychus (41.20%); Culex annulus (15.56%); other Culex species occupied around 0.15% -2.49%. In these communes, the density of Culex tritaeniohychus was higher than Culex annulus. They were found to be active all year round, but the highest density of Culex tritaeniohychus and Culex annulus is 5.86 and 2.15, respectively in April and fall to 4.35% and 1.71% in July. The collected mosquitoes during April, May, June and July includes 133 and 28 Culex tritaeniohychus and Culex annulus pools, respectively; all were to be processed for the isolation of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus. There were 12 Culex tritaeniohychus and 2 Culex annulus pools which were collected in Tanson commune yielding positive. Conclusion: The results were confirmed that Culex tritaenioohychus and Culex annulus are the major vectors that transmit JE virus in Ha Nam, 2006 - 2007. All 14 JE virus strains were isolated from collected mosquito pools during April, May and June; whereas JE virus strain was not yet isolated from collected mosquito pool in July. Thus, in order to control JE disease, it is necessary to control JE vectors in April, May and June.
Vector ; Culex tritaenioohychus ; Japanese encephalitis ; Ha Nam

Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex Immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to further investigate the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.

Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based-case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to shed further light on the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.