The study was conducted from 12/2000 to 12/ 2001 on 1997 medical students at Hå ChÝ Minh City Medico-Pharmaceutical University. 117 students who were negative with HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were vaccinated with Merck Sharp & Dohm-produced vaccine. Three consecutive doses of 10mcg vaccine were delivered at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs antibody was measured at 7 and 8 months of the study. It was noted that the second antibody titer was the third of first one. In the first assessment all participants had the antibody at protective level (i.e. 10mUI/ml or more), with mean titer was 789±304mUI/ml. 98.1% (105/107) of cases had anti-HBs level of 100mUI/ml or more, and 62.6% (67/107) of cases had reached the level of 1000mUI/ml or more. By 18 months, the mean antibody titer level was 248±209mUI/ml. The frequency distribution of anti-HBs level of 0mUI/ml, £10mUI/ml, 10 to £100mUI/ml, 100 to £1000mUI/ml and ³ 1000mUI/ml was 0 (0%), 1(0.9%), 5(4.7%), 35(32.7%), 59(55.1%) and 7(6.5%), respectively. The difference between two titer measures was statistical significant with p<0.001. However, there was no difference titers of male students (p=0.69) and female students (p=0.24). After 18 months of vaccination, there was only one acquired HBV case with anti-HBc (+) but had no clinical manifestation. No carrier was detected.
Hepatitis B ; Vaccination

Interview about direct cost and record results of screening in 1451 vaccinated people at Tropical Hospital and Medic from 2001 September to 2002 May. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: 933 people in 20-39 years old group and 518 in the group of >40 years old. Results: group of 20-39 years old: the rate of HBV exposure was 55.8%, people in this group have high income and vaccinate themselves. Analysis of sensitivity showed that screening methods predominate. In >40 years old group: rate of HBV exposure was 58.4%. Cost-effective analysis showed that people in this group have to be screening before vaccination. Screening methods are predominant, and it could be chosen without consideration before vaccination
Hepatitis B ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diseases

A model of immunization of viral hepatitis B with low cost and high efficacy was established in HoChiMinh city with a procedure of two episodes of vaccination. The cost effectiveness was analysed. The non-screening method was recommended for children of 10-14 years old with a procedure of two episodes of vaccination. If possible, HBsAg test must be done for prevention and treatment rather than for economic aims
Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Child

The economic effectiveness of two model of B hepatitis immunization for the group of 20-29 years old living in Ho Chi Minh city was analyzed in the year 2003. The related parameters were: HBV incidence, the protecting effect the vaccin, the complicance of immunization schedule, the cost of vaccin and of laboratory assay, the travelling cost, the income loss, service fee devoted for health staff. Result showed that the model of supplies of vaccin in living and working fields for users had had absolute predominance with 1 diminutrition of 7.345.000 VND for 100 cases of preventive vaccination
hepatitis B ; Hepatitis ; Diseases

A horizontal section descriptive study was conducted from September 2001 to May 2002 on the subjects who never been vaccinated previously. The examinations for HBsAg and antiHBs were performed by ELISA technique on ASXYM apparatus before the vaccination. Most of 1841 choosen subjects were of aged 15-19, 20-29 and 30-39 groups. The rate of protected subjects was 35.8%, the least was in the aged group of 10-14. These rates were similar in 2 genders
Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Diseases ; Vaccination

Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based-case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to shed further light on the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.

Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex Immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to further investigate the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.