3-[3,5-dichloro salicylamido] rhodanine was obtained by method dithiocarbamat. Condensation of 3-[3,5-dichloro salicylamido] rhodanine with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyd, benzaldehyd, furfural, aldehyd salicylic to get four 5 -aryliden 3-[3,5-dichloro salicylamido] rhodanine. Condensation 3-[3,5-dichloro salicylamido] rhodanine with phenylhydrazin to get 2-phenyl hydrazon 3-[3,5-dichloro salicylamido] rhodanine. All of them were not seen in reference document. The structures of the obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The results obtained on the test of antibiotic and antifungal activities showed that most of them had strong effect on tested bacteria Gram(+) and weak effect on bacteria Gram (-) and fungus.
Rhodanine ; Analogs & derivatives

The antifungal activity of 10 vegetable essential oils and 10 traditional medicinal herbs was examined by measuring the minimum growth inhibitory concentration against three groups of fungi: yeast (Cadida albicans), mould (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger), and dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes). The essential oil of Cinnamon and the Alpinia galanga extract showed the strongest effect against all three groups of fungi. The combination effects of Cinnamon essential oil and 3 extracts of traditional medical herbs were determined by the agar dilution method against Candida albicans. The combination of Cinnamon essential oil and A. galanga extract at proportions (1:1) or (3:7) were synergist and the combinations of Cinnamon essential oil and Curcuma longa extract (1:1) or Chrysantherum indicum extract (1:1) were additive.
Antifungal Agents ; Oils, Volatile ; Medicine, Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

Background: In Vietnam, although there were interventions in perinatal and neonatal care services, the neonatal mortality reduced slowly, accounting for >50% of under-5-year-old mortality rate and >70% of under-1-year-old mortality rate. \r\n', u'Objectives: Discover the status of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care services, and analyze the relationships between healthcare services and neonatal mortality in Quang Ninh province. Subjects and method: Information on births and neonatal deaths between January and December 2005 in Quang Ninh province was collected. The perinatal care services including antenatal, delivery and post partum cares were described. The relationship between neonatal deaths and places of delivery was analyzed in order to uncover the risk of death in newborns delivered at home. Results: 76% of pregnant women received 3 or more antenatal care visits. More than 90% of deliveries took place at health facilities, of them, 16% occurred in community health stations. Only 49% of mothers received post partum care visits, with 82% of them received the visits in the first week after delivery. There were 17,519 births and 284 neonatal deaths in 2005. The neonatal mortality rate was lowest in cases born in community health stations (7.5/1.000) and highest in home birth cases (39/1.000). Conclusion: Further improvement in safe motherhood and neonatal survival can be achieved by increasing the accessibility of women to perinatal cares during pregnancy, delivery. \r\n', u'
perinatal care services ; neonatal mortality

Background: As avian influenza A/H5N1 epidemic spreads rapidly, many corporations, vaccine manufacturers in cooperation with laboratories around the world has conducted research and developed H5N1 vaccine for both humans and poultry. Objective: Evaluate the adaptation and cloning of rgh5n1 vaccine reference strain to vero cells in order to produce master seed virus and working seed virus. Subject and Method: The reverse genetics derived A/H5N1 virus strain (rgH5N1) was studied for adaptation to Vero cells by serial passage. It has been shown that the rgH5N1 strain can be propagated in Vero cells and cause CPE with the highest virus titer 1010,9 PFU/ml at Vero passage 15. The rgH5N1 strain was cloned by using plaque purification method and passaged to obtain a high stable virus titer. Conclusion: The reverse genetics derived A/H5N1 virus strain was propagated in Vero cells. Master seed virus and working seed virus were obtained at passage 6.
rgh5n1 ; avian influenza ; vero cells

Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus is a leading cause of encephalitis in children with high mortality and complication. JE is a dangerous infectious disease via Culex mosquitoes. Objective: To identify the density of some mosquitoes and vectors that transmit JE virus in Ha Nam province. Subject and Method:There were 30.333 mosquitoes including 05 genera and 15 species which were collected at night from April 2006 to March 2007 in the following communes: Tanson (midland area) Hungcong (plain area) and Liemchinh (suburban area). Results: A total of 06 Culex species, the highest rate is Culex tritaeniohychus (41.20%); Culex annulus (15.56%); other Culex species occupied around 0.15% -2.49%. In these communes, the density of Culex tritaeniohychus was higher than Culex annulus. They were found to be active all year round, but the highest density of Culex tritaeniohychus and Culex annulus is 5.86 and 2.15, respectively in April and fall to 4.35% and 1.71% in July. The collected mosquitoes during April, May, June and July includes 133 and 28 Culex tritaeniohychus and Culex annulus pools, respectively; all were to be processed for the isolation of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus. There were 12 Culex tritaeniohychus and 2 Culex annulus pools which were collected in Tanson commune yielding positive. Conclusion: The results were confirmed that Culex tritaenioohychus and Culex annulus are the major vectors that transmit JE virus in Ha Nam, 2006 - 2007. All 14 JE virus strains were isolated from collected mosquito pools during April, May and June; whereas JE virus strain was not yet isolated from collected mosquito pool in July. Thus, in order to control JE disease, it is necessary to control JE vectors in April, May and June.
Vector ; Culex tritaenioohychus ; Japanese encephalitis ; Ha Nam

Background: Viet Nam is located in the epidemiological region of Japanese Encephalitis (JE). JE vaccine manufactured in Viet Nam has been used in the national vaccination program since 2003, but there has been no scientific study on the effectiveness of this program in Ha Nam province. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology of JE and effectiveness of vaccinations in Ha Nam province from 2001-2006. Subjects and method: All residents in Ha Nam province, with the key focus group being JE cases. The retrospective and prospective epidemiological descriptive method was used. Results: The records of 148 cases of JE were collected. Among them, 42.5% (63 cases) were confirmed as JE by MAC-ELISA. The incidence and mortality rate were 1.29/100,000 and 0.12/100,000, respectively. Confirmed JE cases were found annually in all districts of Ha Nam province. However, it has been in decline, especially since the vaccination program was implemented for 1-5 year old children. The disease occurred in the summer with the peak in May and June (80.9% of total cases). Most of the cases were children under 15 years old (98.4%). The highest incidence rate was 6.4/100,000; 5.5/100,000 and 5.3/100,000 in the children aged 5-9, 1-4 and under 1 year old, respectively. Conclusion: The vaccination program appeared effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of JE among children in Ha Nam province.
Japanese Encephalitis ; epidemiology

Background: Mosquitoes and pigs play important roles in maintaining and increasing the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus in nature and which is then transmitted to humans. Thus, surveillance of the JE infection frequency in the pig population may predict the human JE cases. \r\n', u'Objectives: The study aimed to determine IgG antibody against the JE virus in the pig population in Hanam province \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study included 1791 pig serum samples collected from 3 districts of Hanam province from Apr 2006 to Mar 2007. GAC-ELISA technique was used to determine the JE virus infection in the swine population.\r\n', u'Results: The average positive rate in pig population was 34.9 % (626/1791); with the highest frequency occurring in the summer (37.7%- 84.0 %), co-incident with the JE season in Northern Vietnam. On the contrary, in winter JE case are rare, frequency of IgG antibody against JE virus in the swine population was low, ranging from 9.2% to 22.0.%. \r\n', u'Conclusions: These results have shown the ecologically close relationship between the amplification of the JE virus in the swine population, vector and JE cases in northern Vietnam. \r\n', u'
Japanese encephalitis ; pig population ; GAC-ELISA.