Despite the intensive vaccination policy that has been put in place to control Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the recent emergence of NDV genotype VII strains in Korea has led to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. We ssessed the ability of inactivated, oil-emulsion vaccines derived from La Sota or Ulster 2C NDV strains to protect chickens from challenge with Kr-005/00, which is a recently isolated Korean epizootic genotype VII strain. Six-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated once and challenged three weeks later via the eye drop/intranasal route. All vaccinated birds were fully protected from disease, regardless of the vaccine strains used. All vaccinated and challenged groups showed significant sero-conversion 14 days after challenge. However, some vaccinated birds, despite being protected from disease, shed the challenge virus from their oro-pharynx and cloaca, albeit at significantly lower titers than the unvaccinated challenged control birds. The virological, serological, and epidemiological significance of our observations with regard to NDV disease eradication is discussed.
Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Chickens ; Cloaca/virology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Korea ; Newcastle Disease/*immunology/prevention & control ; Newcastle disease virus/*immunology ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Poultry Diseases/*immunology/prevention & control ; *Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Virus Shedding/drug effects

Improving expression of antigen is critical to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. To achieve this goal, we modified the NDV F48E9 strain HN gene by optimizing the condon usage and inserting the secretary leader sequence [A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) HA gene, Accession No. AF144305]. The HN gene modified and knocked the signal peptide off were named SoptiHN and optiHN. The three sequence: SoptiHN, optiHN and the NDV F48E9 strain HN gene were inserted into the vector pVAX1 and vector pVAX1-CpG including CpG-ODN sequence respectively. Then we got six recombinant plasmids: pV-SoptiHN, pVC-SoptiHN, pV-optiHN, pVC-optiHN, pV-HN and pVC-HN. By optimizing condon usage in transiently transfected 293T cells, expression levels of HN gene were higher from the codon-optimized gene than the counterpart. Moreover, both optimization of condon usage and addition of signal peptide could improve expression of HN gene in vitro.
Animals ; Chickens ; Codon ; HN Protein ; genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Newcastle disease virus ; classification ; genetics ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology

Recombinant baculoviruses containing the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein gene of the viscerotropic velogenic (vv) Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate, Kr-005/00, and a lentogenic La Sota strain of the NDV were constructed in an attempt to develop an effective subunit vaccine to the recent epizootic vvNDV. The level of protection was determined by evaluating the clinical signs, mortality, and virus shedding from the oropharynx and cloaca of chickens after a challenge with vvNDV Kr-005/00. The recombinant ND F (rND F) and recombinant HN (rND HN) glycoproteins derived from the velogenic strain provided good protection against the clinical signs and mortality, showing a 0.00 PI value and 100% protection after a booster immunization. On the other hand, the combined rND F + HN glycoprotein derived from the velogenic strain induced complete protection (0.00 PI value and 100% protection) and significantly reduced the amount of virus shedding even after a single immunization. The rND F and rND HN glycoproteins derived from the velogenic strain had a slightly, but not significantly, greater protective effect than the lentogenic strain. These results suggest that the combined rND F + HN glycoprotein derived from vvNDV can be an ideal subunit marker vaccine candidate in chickens in a future ND eradication program.
Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics/*immunology ; Chickens/*virology ; DNA Primers ; Gene Amplification ; HN Protein/genetics/*therapeutic use ; Korea ; Marek Disease/immunology/prevention & control ; Newcastle Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; Spodoptera/virology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/therapeutic use ; Viral Vaccines/genetics/therapeutic use

In order to amplify F gene of NDV HeB02 strain, one pair of primers was designed according to the GenBank sequence, and a 1.66 kb F gene fragment was obtained by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis indicated that the homologies of the nucleotide sequence of HeB02 strain to those of F48 E9, La Sota and Clone30 strains were 88.1%, 84.9% and 83.8% respectively. The expression plasmid pSV-F was constructed by inserting the F gene into the pVAX1 vector, and transfected into the cultured COS 7 cell line via liposomes. The specific 5.9 kD protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and the immunogenicity of the expressed F protein was confirmed by Western blot, ELISA and neutralization test. 3 week-old SPF chickens were subcutaneously immunized twice at week 0 and 3 with 50 microg DNA of plasmid pSV-F by electroporration. 5 weeks later, all chickenss were challenged with 100 x EID50 of NDV HeB02 strain, 1 week post challenge all chickenss were sampled by larynx swabbing to isolate virus and the HI level of NDV was measured. The results indicated that the virus isolation was negtive in all vaccinated chickenss and positive in all control chickens. The HI titres reached to 8.3log2 +/- 1.30 and 7.2log2 +/- 1.23 induced by NDV vaccine and positive cells (pSV-F), respectivily, the HI titres induced by Control cells (pVAX1) was not detected. Furthermore, the HI titres reached to 9.8log2 +/- 1.55 and 8.9log2 +/- 1.77 in vaccinated group with NDV vaccine and positive cells (pSV-F), respectivily, were sinificantly higher than that of the control cells (pVAX1) immunized group( HI titers was 3.0 log2 +/- 1.40, P < 0.01) after challenge. These results showed that the plasmid pSV-F could be as a candidate of DNA vaccine to provide protective immune response against NDV infection.
Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; veterinary ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Newcastle disease virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVENucleic vaccine of pVVP3IL-18HN expressing apoptin gene, Newcastle disease virus HN gene and IL-18 gene were constructed to observe the combinative antitumor effect of the above three genes.

METHODSEukaryotic expression plasmid pVVP3IL-18HN was constructed by inserting apoptin gene and fragment comprising fused IL-18HN gene and IRES promoter into the downstream of CMV promoter of vector pVAX1. The expression of inserted gene was identified by RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence and Western-blot. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into Hep-2 cells by liposome, then suppression rate of Hep-2 of different time and different quantity was calculated according to MTT results.

RESULTThe recombinant plasmid of pVVP3IL-18HN suppressed Hep-2 successfully and its suppression rate was up to 61.9% with 20 microg/ml, incubation of 72 hours.

CONCLUSIONThe nucleic vaccine constructed pVVP3IL-18HN had antitumor effect on Hep-2. It may can be used to the therapy and research of laryngeal carcinoma.

Cancer Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; HN Protein ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; biosynthesis