Objective: To summarize the research progress of medial buttress plate assisted fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults. Methods: The literature about buttress plate assisted fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults was widely reviewed and analyzed. The design principle, background, biomechanical characteristics, and clinical results of buttress plate were summarized. Results: Medial buttress plate assisted fixation is the latest treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults, which can convert the shear force at the fracture sides into compression force and promote fracture healing. Medial buttress plate can improve the biomechanical stability of femoral neck fractures and reduce the maximum stress of fixation implants. In clinical, the medial buttress plate can maintain fracture reduction, reduce the incidences of nonunion and surgical failure, and improve hip joint function. Conclusion: Medial buttress plate assisted fixation can achieve good effectiveness for femoral neck fractures in young adults. However, due to the preliminary application, its indications, fixation implants, and long-term effectiveness need to be further studied and improved.

Objective: To investigate the non-polysaccharide chemical constituents of Poria cocos and their anti-complementary activity. Methods: The anti-complementary bioassay-guided isolation was carried out with the hemolysis test as guide. All isolates were evaluated for their in vitro anti-complementary activities on the classical pathway. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR data. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of P. cocos extracts, including stigmasterol (1), lupeol (2), oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), polyporenic acid C (5), tumulosic acid (6), dehydrotumulosic acid (7), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (8), pachymic acid (9), dehydropachymic acid (10), and dehydrotrametenolic acid (11). Compounds 1-4 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 3-11 showed the anti-complementary activity in different degrees. Conclusion: Triterpenoid acids are the main anti-complementary constituents in the chemical constituents of P. cocos non-polysaccharides (CH50 0.10-0.27 g/L).

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium pressure column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data with those reported in literature. Results Twelve compounds from the EtOAc fraction of L. japonica included p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), vanillic acid (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaemnpferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3',4',7-trihydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyflavone (5), isorhamnetin (6), hyperoside (7), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), secologanic acid (9), vogeloside (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acidmethylester (11) and stigmasterol (12). Conclusion Compound 5 is obtained from the plant in Lonicera Linn. for the first time; Compounds 1-4, 6, 11 and 12 are obtained from this plants for the first time.

AIMTo develop a rapid and inexpensive method for purification of human albumin, a method of immunomagnetic microspheres (IMMS) based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the purification of human albumin from human serum.

METHODSPolystyrene magnetic microspheres with carboxyl groups as carriers were prepared, and then the carboxyl groups on the surface of the microspheres were activated by ethylcarbodiimide (EDC). Finally rabbit anti-human serum albumin (HSA) antibodies were covalently bound to it and the complex can specifically capture HSA. After the procedure of capturing HSA, through taking rabbit anti-human albumin protein antibodies as a capture antibody, and goat anti-human albumin protein antibodies as a detection antibody, an ELISA on IMMS was developed, which can determine the recovery yield of HSA from the human serum.

RESULTSThe result of the experiment was that the recovery of human albumin with IMMS was (86 +/- 4)%, and IMMS were reused for two other purifying cycles, the results of which were (69.0 +/- 0.6)% and (40.8 +/- 0.8)%, and the purity of the product was about 90%.

CONCLUSIONThe results above prove that the immunomagnetic purifiying strategy was shown to be efficient and offers an new thought for a large scale production of high-purity HSA.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; methods ; Microspheres ; Polystyrenes ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Serum Albumin ; immunology ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Differences in the Helicobacter pylori infection rate are not sufficient to clarify the dissimilarity of gastric cancer incidence between Myanmar and its neighboring countries. To better understand this trend, the H. pylori virulence gene cagA was characterized in Myanmar. METHODS: Glutamate-proline-isoleucine-tyrosine-alanine (EPIYA) patterns and CagA multimerization (CM) motifs of cagA genotypes were examined by performing polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Of 69 tested H. pylori strains, cagA-positive patients had significantly more severe histological scores in their antrum than cagA-negative patients. Sequence analysis revealed that 94.1% of strains had Western-type cagA containing an EPIYA motif (92.6%) or EPIYT motif (6.4%). The intestinal metaplasia scores in the antral of patients infected with the ABC and ABCC types of cagA were significantly higher than those of patients with AB-type cagA. Interestingly, in patients infected with H. pylori, 46.3% of strains with three EPIYA motifs contained two identical Western-typical CM motifs, and these patients showed significantly higher antrum inflammation scores than patients infected with two identical nontypical-CM motif strains (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In Myanmarese strains, Western-type cagA was predominant. The presence of CM motifs and the proportion of multiple EPIYA-C segments might partially explain the intermediate gastric cancer risk found in Myanmar.
Genotype ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Metaplasia ; Myanmar ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Virulence

Objective To analyze the biomechanical feasibility of two-point fixation by distal radius plate for the treatment of SandersⅢ calcaneal fractures. Methods The three-dimensional (3D) finite element musculoskeletal foot model was established based on CT and MRI images, which comprised bones, muscles, plantar fascia, ligaments and soft tissues. After validation, the SandersⅢ calcaneal fracture models fixed by distal radial plate (two-point fixation) and calcaneal plate (three-point fixation) were established, so as to compare the biomechanical characteristics of two calcaneal models. Results The maximum stress of the two-point fixation and three-point fixation model was 324.70 and 407.90 MPa, respectively. The maximum displacements of the two models were 2.498 and 2.541 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the posterior articular surface displacement between the two models. In both models, the Bohler’s angle and Gissane’s angle were within the normal range. Conclusions The two-point fixation by distal radial plate can satisfy the biomechanical stability of calcaneal fracture treatment. Compared with traditional steel plate, the two-point fixation shows the advantage of smaller surgical trauma, more uniform overall stress distribution, early weight-bearing rehabilitation after surgery, which is a novel treatment recommended for treating calcaneal fractures.

Chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of Radix Angelicae Pubescentis was isolated and purified through Diaion HP-20 macroporous, silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration over Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Two new sesquiterpenoid derivatives were identified as angesesquid A (1) and angesesquid B (2), and their structures were determined. In vitro degeneration model of primary rat disc chondrocytes was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of these two compounds. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 had no anti-proliferation effect. Both compounds inhibited the release of NO, but had no inhibitory activity for the release of PGE₂. This finding implies that both of these two new sesquiterpenoids could moderately inhibit the inflammatory reaction to some extent.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of different internal fixations for Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture with defect, and provide reference for the treatment of femoral neck fracture. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of femoral neck fractures were established based on CT images, including fracture and fracture with defects. Four internal fixations were simulated, namely, inverted cannulated screw(ICS), ICS combined with medial buttress plate, the femoral neck system (FNS) and FNS combined with medial buttress plate. The von Mises stress, model stiffness and fracture displacements of fracture models under 2 100 N axial loads were measured and compared. RESULTS: When femoral neck fracture was fixed by ICS and FNS, the peak stress was mainly concentrated on the surface of the screw near the fracture line, and the peak stress of FNS is higher than that of ICS;When the medial buttress plate was combined, the peak stress was increased and transferred to medial buttress plate, with more obvious of ICS fixation. For the same fracture model, the stiffness of FNS was higher than that of ICS. Compared with femoral neck fracture with defects, fracture model showed higher stiffness in the same internal fixation. The use of medial buttress plate increased model stiffness, but ICS increased more than FNS. The fracture displacement of ICS model exceeded that of FNS. CONCLUSION For Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture with defects, FNS had better biomechanical properties than ICS. ICS combined with medial buttress plate can better enhance fixation stability and non-locking plate is recommended. FNS had the capability of shear resistance and needn't combine with medial buttress plate.
Humans ; Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Bone Screws ; Bone Plates ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis

Objective To investigate the relationship between lesion size of solitary bone cyst ( SBC) and pathological fracture of calcaneus, so as to provide references for the treatment of SBC. Methods The three dimensional (3D) finite element model of foot and ankle was established based on CT images. Four models with gradient spherical bone defects were constructed in the focal area to simulate different SBC lesion sizes, and the biomechanical characteristics of calcaneus in different gait phases were analyzed. Results With the increasement of SBC size, the kinematics of calcaneus did not change significantly, but the peak stress of calcaneus increased gradually. When the SBC size exceeded 75% of the calcaneal width, the stress in calcaneal sulcus and cortical bone below SBC increased by 1. 48 times and 7. 74 times, respectively. Conclusions The risk of pathological fracture increases when the SBC diameter exceeds 75% of the calcaneal width, and early surgical intervention should be recommended. The calcaneal sulcus and the cortex bone below SBC are stress concentration regions and can be used as important areas to evaluate pathological fractures.

In order to study the effect of sediment of water extract of Guizhi decoction on the stability, clarity and peaks area, and characterize the chemical composition of the sediments, HPLC and MS methods were established. Through comparison of the common peak areas and the turbidity value of water extract and filtrate, the sediments could greatly change the common peak areas of the decoction (for more than 5 times of the study standard); at the same time, the turbidity value of the decoction could increase by （38.66±1.57）% in 48 h [particularly by （24.54±1.68）% in 6 h]. The test indicated that the sediments had an effect on the stability and clarity under the test conditions in Guizhi decoction. The study confirmed that the sediments were mainly derived from Cassia twig, Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. On the basis of the reference information, the accurate molecular weight and fragment ion information provided by LC-MS were analyzed, the molecular formula of sediments components A-F were determined, and the possible structural information of components B, C, D and F were deduced. It was suggested that the multi-index, multi-target and multi-angle analysis could ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the effect of clinical medication. The study also suggested the effect of the sediments on clinical application and the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine.