Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.
Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology ; Neutrophils/chemistry/*immunology ; Receptors, IgG/analysis ; Trichomonas vaginalis/*immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the regulation of Fc receptor expression by immune complexes (ICs) on neutrophils and U937 cells.

METHODSIgA ICs, IgG1 ICs, IgG2 ICs, IgG3 ICs, IgG4 ICs, and IgM ICs were incubated with neutrophils or U937 cells for 1 h. Then their surface Fc receptors were stained by anti-Fc gammaR I, anti-Fc gammaR II , anti-Fc gammaR III, and anti-Fc alphaR I monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS).

RESULTSIgG1 ICs and IgG3 ICs up-regulated Fc gammaR II and Fc gammaR III on U937 cells, Fc gammaR I and Fc alphaR I on neutrophils. Almost all ICs down-regulated Fc gammaR II on neutrophils.

CONCLUSIONSICs can regulate Fc receptor expression on neutrophils and U937 cells, among which IgG1 ICs and IgG3 ICs are most effective.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; immunology ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; classification ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; classification ; immunology ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Receptors, Fc ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, IgG ; immunology ; U937 Cells ; immunology

Lipooligosacharide (LOS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci, GC) is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide (alpha-OS) moiety of LOS (lgtF mutant) significantly impairs invasion of GC into epithelial cell lines. GC opacity (Opa) proteins, such as OpaI, mediate phagocytosis and stimulate chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils in part through interaction with members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which includes CEACAM3 (CD66d), a human neutrophil specific receptor for phagocytosis of bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effects of OpaI-expressing lgtF mutant on phagocytosis by HeLa-CEACAM3 cells and chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. The results showed that lgtF mutant even expressing OpaI completely lost the ability to promote either phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3 interaction in HeLa cells or chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. These data indicated that Opa proteins in the lgtF mutant, which might result from the conformational change, cannot be functional.
Antigens, Bacterial ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; chemistry ; immunology ; Luminescent Measurements ; Mutation ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Neutrophils ; immunology ; microbiology ; Phagocytosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of CD11b expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

METHODSCD11b expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry in 36 children with SIRS (SIRS group) and 28 children with infectious disease but without SIRS (control group). The sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD11b for diagnosis of SIRS were evaluated.

RESULTSDuring the acute phase, an increased CD11b expression in neutrophils (96.7+/-8.1%) was observed in the SIRS group compared with the control group (85.1+/-5.1%) (p<0.05). Using neutrophil CD11b expression >92.2% as a cut-off value for diagnosis of SIRS, the sensitivity and the specificity were 97.2 % and 92.9% respectively. Lymphocytic CD11b expression in the SIRS group (13.4+/-8.6%) was lower than that in the control group (19.2+/-6.4%) in the acute phase (p<0.05). In the SIRS group, lymphocytic CD11b expression was remarkably suppressed in the severe sepsis subgroup (7.27+/-3.04%), showing significantly decreased expression compared with the non-infectious subgroup (19.3+/-2.9%) and the sepsis subgroup (15.9+/-12.5%) (p<0.01). In the convalescence stage lymphocytic CD11b expression in the SIRS group was similar to that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSCD11b expression in neutrophils may serve as a reliable indicator for diagnosis of SIRS. The down-regulation of lymphocytic CD11b expression might be a signal of the condition aggravation in children with SIRS.

C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; CD11b Antigen ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocytes ; chemistry ; Male ; Neutrophils ; chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the lungs at the early stage of burns.

METHODSMyeloperoxidase content in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. ICAM-1 and its mRNA expression in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization. CD11b/CD18 expression on the peripheral PMNs was measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe levels of myeloperoxidase in lung tissues and BALF after burn injury were markedly higher than those of control. Expression of ICAM-1 and its mRNA in the lung tissues and CD11b/CD18 on peripheral PMNs surface was significantly increased at 2, 6, 12, 24 h after burns.

CONCLUSIONSPMNs accumulation in the lungs is related to increased ICAM-1 expression on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and CD11b/CD18 expression on PMN at the early stage of burn injury.

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Burns ; blood ; immunology ; Cell Adhesion ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; Lung ; blood supply ; Macrophage-1 Antigen ; analysis ; Neutrophils ; immunology ; pathology ; Peroxidase ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Time Factors

Pulmonary surfactant ( PS ) compromises lipids and surfactant proteins (SP) and lines on the alveolar air-liquid interface. It can reduce surface tension, prevent alveoli from collapse and reduce alveoli edema by disaturated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. It also modulates the pulmonary immunology by SP-A and SP-D. In this study,we established a rat model of immunocompromised host (ICH) with pulmonary infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), then studied its pulmonary inflammatory reaction and analyzed the concentration of lipids and SP-A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during infection.
Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Lipids ; analysis ; Lung ; microbiology ; Male ; Neutrophils ; physiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; immunology ; metabolism ; Proteolipids ; analysis ; Pseudomonas Infections ; immunology ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Triptolide (TP) induces severe liver injury, but its hepatotoxicity mechanisms are still unclear. Inflammatory responses may be involved in the pathophysiology. Neutrophils are the first-line immune effectors for sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neutrophilic inflammatory response in TP-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that neutrophils were recruited and accumulated in the liver, which was parallel to or slightly after the development of liver injury. Neutrophils induced release of myeloperoxidase and up-regulation of CD11b, which caused cytotoxicity and hepatocyte death. Hepatic expressions of CXL1, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP1 were increased significantly to regulate neutrophils recruitment and activation. Up-regulation of toll like receptors 4 and 9 also facilitated neutrophils infiltration. Moreover, neutrophils depletion using an anti-Gr1 antibody showed mild protection against TP overdose. These results indicated that neutrophils accumulation might be the secondary response, not the cause of TP-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the inflammatory response including neutrophil infiltration may play a role in TP-induced hepatotoxicity, but may not be severe enough to cause additional liver injury.
Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; immunology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Diterpenes ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Epoxy Compounds ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Liver ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; drug effects ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; immunology ; Phenanthrenes ; adverse effects ; Tripterygium ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effects and mechanism of ethanol extract of Inonotus obliquus (EEIO) injection on asthmatic mice.

METHODOVA was injected intraperitoneally and inhaled to produce the asthmatic model. Thirty two mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, asthma group and I. obliquus groups of high and low dose. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-gamma in BALF, the phosphor-p38 MAPK in lung tissues were respectively measured by ELISA and Western blotting. The number of inflammatory cells in BALF and histopathology changes were observed.

RESULTIn asthmatic group, the number of inflammatory cells and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF and phospho-p38 MAPK in lung tissue were higher, while IFN-gamma were lower than those in normal control mice (P < 0.05). In I. obliquus group, the number of inflammatory cells, the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF and phosphor-p38 MAPK in lung tissue were lower, but were higher than those in normal control mice (P < 0.05), and histropathology damage was alleviated significantly. There was no significant difference observed among the efficacies in the I. obliquus groups of high and low dose.

CONCLUSIONp38 MAPK may play a role in pathological process of asthma. I. obliquus effectively treats asthma by inhibiting the expression of phosphor-p38 MAPK, correcting the unbalance of IFN-gamma/IL-4 and decreasing the number of inflammatory cells.

Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Basophils ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interferon-gamma ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Lung ; pathology ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; drug effects ; metabolism