1.Sema4C expresses in neural stem cells.
Jun-die FAN ; Ling-ling ZHU ; Tong ZHAO
Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology 2007;23(2):153-154
Animals
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Neural Stem Cells
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metabolism
;
Rats
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Rats, Wistar
;
Semaphorins
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metabolism
2.Extrapolating neurogenesis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds to dental and oral-derived stem cells.
Boon Chin HENG ; Yunyang BAI ; Xiaochan LI ; Xuehui ZHANG ; Xuliang DENG
International Journal of Oral Science 2022;14(1):13-13
The high neurogenic potential of dental and oral-derived stem cells due to their embryonic neural crest origin, coupled with their ready accessibility and easy isolation from clinical waste, make these ideal cell sources for neuroregeneration therapy. Nevertheless, these cells also have high propensity to differentiate into the osteo-odontogenic lineage. One strategy to enhance neurogenesis of these cells may be to recapitulate the natural physiological electrical microenvironment of neural tissues via electroactive or electroconductive tissue engineering scaffolds. Nevertheless, to date, there had been hardly any such studies on these cells. Most relevant scientific information comes from neurogenesis of other mesenchymal stem/stromal cell lineages (particularly bone marrow and adipose tissue) cultured on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds, which will therefore be the focus of this review. Although there are larger number of similar studies on neural cell lines (i.e. PC12), neural stem/progenitor cells, and pluripotent stem cells, the scientific data from such studies are much less relevant and less translatable to dental and oral-derived stem cells, which are of the mesenchymal lineage. Much extrapolation work is needed to validate that electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds can indeed promote neurogenesis of dental and oral-derived stem cells, which would thus facilitate clinical applications in neuroregeneration therapy.
Cell Differentiation
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism*
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Neural Stem Cells/metabolism*
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Neurogenesis
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Tissue Scaffolds
3.Ventricular and subventricular zones under the frontal cortex of human fetus: development and distribution of nestin-positive cells.
Pengbo YANG ; Hui JIN ; Xinli XIAO ; Qindong SHI ; Haixia LU ; Yong LIU
Journal of Southern Medical University 2013;33(5):708-714
OBJECTIVETo observe the morphological changes during development of the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of human fetus and the distribution pattern of neural stem cells in the VA and SVZ.
METHODSHuman fetuses at the gestational ages of 9-11 weeks, 14-16 weeks, 22-24 weeks and 32-36 weeks were collected, and the brain sections of the VZ/SVZ under the frontal lobe were examined for cytoarchitecture and distribution of nestin-positive cells with HE staining, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence.
RESULTSThe thickness of VZ underwent no significant changes at the gestational ages of 9-24 weeks (P>0.05) and became obviously thinner at 32 weeks (P<0.05), while the thickness of SVZ increased during 9-24 weeks (P<0.05) without obvious thinning at 32 weeks (P>0.05). VZ was thicker than SVZ at 9-11 weeks but became markedly thinner than SVZ after 14 weeks (P<0.05). The VZ contained denser cells than SVZ and showed a distinct boundary between the VZ and SVZ. Large numbers of nestin-positive cells were detected in the VZ and SVZ, and nestin immunoreactivity was found primarily in the cell processes and occasionally in the soma. Some nestin-positive cells in the SVZ had 1-3 processes. Nestin immunoreactivity in the VZ and SVZ gradually grew weak with development. The cells positive for both nestin and Ki67 were located mainly in the inner zone of the VZ and throughout the SVZ, where some nestin-positive but Ki67-negative cells were also found.
CONCLUSIONThe SVZ fully extends and the neural stem cells in the VZ/SVZ can be morphologically heterogeneous during the development of fetal human brain.
Fetus ; Frontal Lobe ; cytology ; embryology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nestin ; metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism
4.The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities.
Qiyuan ZHUANG ; Hui YANG ; Ying MAO
Neuroscience Bulletin 2023;39(3):393-408
Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
Humans
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Glioma/metabolism*
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Neuroglia/metabolism*
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Carcinogenesis/pathology*
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Neural Stem Cells/metabolism*
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Microglia/metabolism*
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Brain Neoplasms/metabolism*
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Tumor Microenvironment
5.Analysis on signaling pathway network of proliferation of neural stem cells.
Qing-Shan LIU ; Shu-Juan ZHUANG ; Ke-Qin LI ; Xu LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(3):407-411
Neural stem cells in brains have capacities of proliferation and differentiation, which is very critical to rebuild the cerebral cortex functions. Therefore, it is of great importance to find key targets and network pathways that regulate the proliferation of neural stem cells, which is also a pressing problem in the medical circle. With the Notch pathway as the core of the network, this paper summarized the advance of the bimolecular network system composed of Wnt, Shh, EGFR, cytokines and Notch signal, and analyzed such key nodes as Notch receptor, CBF1, NICD, Hesl, which may become potential targets of new-type drugs in the future. With the multi-component, multi-target, multi-lever characteristics, traditional Chinese medicines have many common grounds with the network pharmacology. The active component groups or active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines are one of the material bases for showing their network pharmacological effect, which is worth exploring. This paper aims to provide a new strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury with traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals
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Cell Proliferation
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Humans
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Neural Stem Cells
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cytology
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metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Systems Biology
6.Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling.
Jun YAO ; Yangling MU ; Fred H GAGE
Protein & Cell 2012;3(4):251-261
In the adult brain, neural stem cells have been found in two major niches: the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone [corrected]. Neurons derived from these stem cells contribute to learning, memory, and the autonomous repair of the brain under pathological conditions. Hence, the physiology of adult neural stem cells has become a significant component of research on synaptic plasticity and neuronal disorders. In addition, the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell technique provides a powerful tool for researchers engaged in the pathological and pharmacological study of neuronal disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize the research progress in neural stem cells in the adult brain and in the neuropathological application of the induced pluripotent stem cell technique.
Hippocampus
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cytology
;
metabolism
;
Humans
;
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
;
cytology
;
metabolism
;
Models, Biological
;
Neural Stem Cells
;
cytology
;
metabolism
;
transplantation
;
Neurodegenerative Diseases
;
metabolism
;
pathology
;
prevention & control
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Neurogenesis
;
Signal Transduction
7.Elimination of the geomagnetic field stimulates the proliferation of mouse neural progenitor and stem cells.
Jing-Peng FU ; Wei-Chuan MO ; Ying LIU ; Perry F BARTLETT ; Rong-Qiao HE
Protein & Cell 2016;7(9):624-637
Living organisms are exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout their lifespan. Elimination of the GMF, resulting in a hypogeomagnetic field (HMF), leads to central nervous system dysfunction and abnormal development in animals. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified so far. Here, we show that exposure to an HMF (<200 nT), produced by a magnetic field shielding chamber, promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) from C57BL/6 mice. Following seven-day HMF-exposure, the primary neurospheres (NSs) were significantly larger in size, and twice more NPCs/NSCs were harvested from neonatal NSs, when compared to the GMF controls. The self-renewal capacity and multipotency of the NSs were maintained, as HMF-exposed NSs were positive for NSC markers (Nestin and Sox2), and could differentiate into neurons and astrocyte/glial cells and be passaged continuously. In addition, adult mice exposed to the HMF for one month were observed to have a greater number of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone. These findings indicate that continuous HMF-exposure increases the proliferation of NPCs/NSCs, in vitro and in vivo. HMF-disturbed NPCs/NSCs production probably affects brain development and function, which provides a novel clue for elucidating the cellular mechanisms of the bio-HMF response.
Animals
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Cell Proliferation
;
physiology
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Female
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Magnetic Fields
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Male
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Mice
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Nestin
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metabolism
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Neural Stem Cells
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cytology
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metabolism
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SOXB1 Transcription Factors
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metabolism
8.Direct lineage conversion: induced neuronal cells and induced neural stem cells.
Protein & Cell 2012;3(11):826-833
Cellular reprogramming to neural cells is an area of ongoing study in developmental neuroscience, and recent research has generated remarkable achievements. Several studies have shown that the ectopic expression of specific neural transcription factors can convert terminally differentiated cells into neural cells. Here, we review the most recent progress in the field of induced neuronal (iN) cells and induced neural stem (iNS) cells and their potential clinical applications.
Animals
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Lineage
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Humans
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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cytology
;
metabolism
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Neural Stem Cells
;
cytology
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Neurons
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cytology
;
metabolism
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Transcription Factors
;
metabolism
9.Effect of high-mobility group box 1 on the proliferation of primary neural stem cells in vitro.
Man LI ; ; Yong LUO ; Yuan LI ; Lin SUN
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2014;66(4):469-475
The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation assay and diameter measure of neurospheres were used to investigate the effect of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on proliferation of primary rat neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) potent inhibitor SP600125 was used to study the mechanism. The results demonstrated that HMGB1 significantly increased CCK-8 absorbance values and neurosphere diameters at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/mL at 48 h and 72 h (P < 0.05), and the other HMGB1 concentration groups (0.01, 0.1, 100 ng/mL) showed no significant difference, compared with control group (P > 0.05). HMGB1 at 10 ng/mL significantly increased the NSCs proliferation accompanied by the rising of phosphorylated JNK levels (P < 0.01), and 10 μmol/L SP600125 prevented these effects in HMGB1-cultured NSCs (P < 0.01). In conclusion, low concentration of HMGB1 (1-10 ng/mL) can increase NSCs proliferation, which may play a role by promoting JNK phosphorylation.
Animals
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Cell Proliferation
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Cells, Cultured
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HMGB1 Protein
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pharmacology
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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metabolism
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Neural Stem Cells
;
cytology
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Phosphorylation
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Rats
10.Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma.
Jing FENG ; Zheng ZHAO ; Yanfei WEI ; Zhaoshi BAO ; Wei ZHANG ; Fan WU ; Guanzhang LI ; Zhiyan SUN ; Yanli TAN ; Jiuyi LI ; Yunqiu ZHANG ; Zejun DUAN ; Xueling QI ; Kai YU ; Zhengmin CONG ; Junjie YANG ; Yaxin WANG ; Yingyu SUN ; Fuchou TANG ; Xiaodong SU ; Chuan FANG ; Tao JIANG ; Xiaolong FAN
Frontiers of Medicine 2023;17(2):240-262
Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.
Humans
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Brain Neoplasms/pathology*
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism*
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Glioma/pathology*
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Neural Stem Cells/pathology*
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Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/pathology*
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Tumor Microenvironment