OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on expressions of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP) which have the ability to degrade β-amyloid (Aβ) in neuroglia cells. METHODS: Primary mix-neuroglia cells were cultured from newborn SD rats. After exposure to BaP, Aβ_1-42 oligomer or Aβ_1-42 fiber individually or jointly for 24 h, the cell survival rate was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Afterwards, the primary mix-neuroglia cells were divided randomly into six groups: Control group, BaP group (2.00 μmol/L), Aβ_1-42 oligomer group (20.00 mg/L), BaP plus Aβ_1-42 oligomer group, Aβ_1-42 fiber group (20.00 mg/L) and BaP plus Aβ_1-42 fiber group, of which BaP was pretreated for 12 h followed by cotreatment with different aggregated Aβ_1-42. The expressions of IDE and NEP were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for mRNA level and Western blotting for protein level. RESULTS: The cell survival rate showed no significant differences after treatment with BaP (≤20.00 μmol/L), Aβ_1-42 oligomer (20.00, 40.00 mg/L), Aβ_1-42 fiber (20.00, 40.00 mg/L) or cotreatment with BaP and Aβ_1-42 oligomer or BaP and Aβ_1-42 fiber. Compared with the control group, expressions of IDE and NEP in BaP-treated alone group had no obvious change; however, exposure to Aβ_1-42 oligomer alone significantly increased the mRNA and protein level of IDE (P<0.05), and the BaP pretreatment could significantly inhibit the up-regulated expressions of IDE by Aβ_1-42 oligomer (P<0.05); on the other hand, exposure either to Aβ_1-42 fiber alone or under the BaP pretreatment did not change the mRNA and protein level of IDE and NEP obviously. CONCLUSION On the premise of no significant change of cell survival rate, BaP pretreatment inhibited the up-regulated expressions of IDE in primary mixed neuroglia cells under cotreatment with Aβ oligomer, indicating that BaP may disturb degradation of Aβ oligomer and cause deposition of β-amyloid and further induce cognitive decline and acceleration of Alzheimer.
Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Blotting, Western ; Insulysin/metabolism* ; Neprilysin/metabolism* ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVESTo study the expression of CD34, CD31, CD14, CD10 and factor VIII on blood island of yolk sac (YS), PAS/aorta-germen-mesonephros (AGM) region and hepatic hematopoietic foci.

METHODSThirty-two cases of 3rd-12th weeks human embryo were obtained by drug abortion. Paraffin embedded sections with H.E staining and immunohistochemistry reaction (SABC) were performed.

RESULTSYS blood island of 3rd-4th weeks of gestation was consisted of two types of cells. One was vascular endothelial cells located outside and the other hematopoietic cells inside the blood island. Both the two types of cells were CD10, CD14, CD31 and factor VIII positive. Hematopoietic cells were CD34 negative, and vascular endothelial cells were CD34 positive. On 32nd days of gestation, the hematopoietic cells migrated out of YS. On 4th week of gestation, CD34, CD14, CD10, CD31 and factor VIII positive cells appeared in the aorta, mesonephros and hepatic hematopoietic foci. By the 7th week, the number of positive hematopoietic cells reached the peak. In 11th-12th weeks, most cells in these regions were matured red blood cells and were negative for all the antibodies mentioned above excepting for CD34. During 4th-12th weeks, all endothelial cells in embryo were CD34 positive.

CONCLUSIONSThe hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells of YS blood island co-expressed CD10, CD14, CD31 and factor VIII. Endothelial cells were CD34 positive but hematopoietic cells were negative in YS blood island. The hematopoietic cells of aorta, mesonephros and hepatic hematopoietic foci expressed CD34, CD10, CD14 and factor VIII from 4th week to 7th week. Anti-CD34 antibody could label endothelial cells of every kinds vessels of embryo from 3rd to 12th weeks.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Factor VIII ; metabolism ; Fetus ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Yolk Sac ; metabolism

Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Mesentery ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of GPC3, CD10 and CD34 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), dysplastic nodules (DN), cirrhotic regenerative nodules (CRN), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HA).

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for GPC3, CD10, CD34 and AFP was performed on 80 cases of HCC (30 cases of well-differentiated HCC and 50 cases of advanced HCC), 30 cases of DN (18 cases of high-grade DN and 12 cases of low-grade DN), 36 cases of CRN, 20 cases of FNH and 20 cases of HA.

RESULTS(1) The positive expression rate of GPC3 was 92% (46/50) in advanced HCC, 66.7% (20/30) in well-differentiated HCC, 2/18 in high-grade DN, and 0 in low-grade DN, CRN, FNH and HA. The expression rate of GPC3 in well-differentiated HCC was lower than that in advanced HCC and higher than that in high-grade DN (P < 0.05). (2) The negative expression rate of CD10 was 78% (39/50) in advanced HCC, 43.3% (13/30) in well-differentiated HCC, 20% (4/20 and 4/20) in both FNH and HA, 2.8% (1/36) in CRN and 0 in both high-grade DN and low-grade DN. The occurrence of CD10-strongly positive cells was 2% (1/50) in advanced HCC, 16.7% (5/30) in well-differentiated HCC, 15/18 in high-grade DN, 11/12 in low-grade DN, 80.6% (29/36) in CRN and 60% (12/20 and 12/20) in both FNH and HA. The positive expression rate of CD10 in well-differentiated HCC was higher than that in advanced HCC and lower than that in high-grade DN, low-grade DN, CRN, FNH and HA (P < 0.05). (3) The positive expression rates of CD34 in advanced HCC and well-differentiated HCC ranged from 25% to 100% [and strongly positive in 76% (38/50) and 70% (21/30), respectively]. The rates in high-grade DN and low-grade DN ranged from 5% to 25% (and weakly positive in 16/18 and 10/12, respectively). In CRN, the rate ranged from 0 to 5% [and weakly positive in 27.8% (10/36)]. In FNH and HA, the positive rates ranged from 25% to 50%. The positive expression rate of CD34 in well-differentiated HCC was significantly higher than that in high-grade DN, low-grade DN, CRN, FNH and HA (P < 0.05). (4) The positive expression rate of AFP was 44% (22/50) in advanced HCC, 20% (6/30) in well-differentiated HCC, no expression in DN, LCN, LCN, FNH and HA. The positive expression rate of AFP in well-differentiated HCC was lower than that in advanced HCC and higher than that in LCN, FNH and HA. The different expression had statistical significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGPC3 is a relatively sensitive and specific marker in pathologic diagnosis of HCC. When coupled with immunohistochemical results of CD34, CD10 and AFP, GPC3 is useful in differentiating HCC from DN, LCN, FNH and HA.

Adenoma, Liver Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glypicans ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

Chromosome Aberrations ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrial Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Histone Deacetylases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value of HGAL and LMO2 expression and compare with CD10 and bcl-6 in follicular lymphoma (FL).

METHODS63 cases of FL were collected from Guangdong General Hospital. The expression of HGAL, LMO2, CD10 and bcl-6 was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe expression rates of HGAL, LMO2, CD10 and bcl-6 were 98.4% (62/63), 82.5% (52/63), 82.5% (52/63) and 87.3% (55/63), respectively. The expression rate of HGAL was higher than those of LMO2, CD10 and bcl-6, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in HGAL, LMO2 and bcl-6 expression among FL1, FL2 and FL3 cases. The CD10 expression rate of FL1-3A cases was significantly higher than that of FL3B cases(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHGAL and LMO2, especially HGAL, can be used in FL particularly high grade FL as useful germinal center marker.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; LIM Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of primary Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the spermatic cord.

METHODSA case of BL of the spermatic cord was studied by histopathology and immunohistochemical techniques. The clinical data and the related literature were reviewed.

RESULTSThe patient was a 4-year-old boy, who was accidentally found with a bump in the scrotum. Surgery showed it to be a tumor located in the left spermatic cord and 5 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm in size, gray and fish-like on cross-sectional imaging. Histologically, it was characterized by monotonous infiltration of medium-sized cells with round nuclei, coarse chromatin, 2-5 basophilic nucleoli, and an appreciable rim of basophilic cytoplasm, in a typically starry-sky pattern imparted by interspersed tangible-body macrophages. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffused, positive for CD20 and CD79, some for CD10 and about 95% with the nuclear expression of Ki-67, but negative for CD3, CD43, bcl-2 and TdT as well as for EBER in situ hybridization.

CONCLUSIONPrimary spermatic cord BL is extremely rare, highly aggressive and with poor prognosis. Diagnosis of the tumor relies on its pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining. It is essential to differentiate BL from other types of lymphomas and malignant small-cell tumors of the non-lymphatic system.

Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD79 Antigens ; analysis ; Child, Preschool ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Male ; Neprilysin ; analysis ; Spermatic Cord

OBJECTIVETo study the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), as well as the origin of the proliferative follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in AITL.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for CD10, CXCL13, bcl-6 and CD21 was performed on 29 cases of AITL. Double immunostaining for bcl-6/CD3, CD10/CD21 and CD10/CD20 were also carried out. Cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type, enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma and reactive lymphoid proliferation were selected as controls.

RESULTSAmongst the 29 cases of AITL studied, 75.9% (22/29) showed aberrant expression of CD10, while all except one of the controlled cases were negative, 82.8% (24/29) of the AITL cases expressed CXCL13, while all cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified were negative. As for bcl-6 staining, although the highest percentage of bcl-6-positive cells was observed in AITL, the expression pattern was not useful in differentiating AITL from peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified and lymphoid reaction. Besides, all cases of AITL demonstrated the characteristic proliferation of follicular dendritic cells. Two of the cases, which contained obvious germinal centers, had the follicular dendritic cell meshwork extending beyond the lymphoid follicles.

CONCLUSIONSAs compared with bcl-6, CD10 and CXCL13 are specific and sensitive markers in diagnosing AITL. Part of the proliferative FDCs in AITL may originate from the germinal centers.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism

Adult ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinicopathological characteristics of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney.

METHODSA case of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney was studied with histology and immunohistochemical staining, and its clinical and pathological findings were further analyzed with review of the literature.

RESULTSThe patient was a 26-year-old asymptomatic woman who had a kidney mass during her annual physical examination. The tumor was well-circumscribed. Pathologically, the tumor showed follicular structures with colloid-like material in the lumina. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed intense staining for CK7 and vimentin and negative for thyoid transcripation factor-1, thyroglobulin, thyoid peroxidase and RCC.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney is based on the characteristic follicular architecture with colloid-like material, and the metastasis from a thyroid follicular carcinoma must be excluded clinically and pathologically before making the final diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transcription Factors ; Vimentin ; metabolism