Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is not uncommon in children. The disease affects children's physical development. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome cause many complication in which effecting to physical development has been influenced much to their life, study and living activities of children. Objectives:This study aims to learn about the physical development and to find some factors impacting on physical development ofchildren with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Subjects and method: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome disease who have been followed up for from 1 year to 6 years in that duration since September 2006 to March 2007. Results:Height standard deviation score (SDS) was less than -2 SO in 15.0% patients. Six per cent of patients had weight SDS ofless than 250. Delayed puberty was seen in 21.6% patients. Some factors impacting on physical developmentwere duration of the disease, relapses, nephrtitis-nephrotic syndrome, prolonged corticoid treatment. Conclusion:Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome retarded physical development and puberty in children. It should be considered careful before indicate to use corticoid because using corticoid for a long period will effect to the height development of children.
Nephrotic Syndrome/ pathology ; therapy ; Idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; Child

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) is an uncommon but alarming complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The renal failure could be secondary to causes evident from the history and evaluation, such as severe intravascular volume depletion, acute tubular necrosis but there is no report on this population in Vietnamese adult patients. Objective: To investigate on acute renal failure complicating of nephrotic syndrome. Subjects and method: Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were admitted with acute renal failure have been enrolled to investigate the clinical findings, laboratory check up and histology examination. Results:We present 33 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were admitted with acute renal failure between June 1997 and June 1998. We describe the clinical and renal pathology features of these patients in whom reversible idiopathic acute renal failure developed during the course of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Improvement in renal function occurred in 80% of patients over a variable period of 10 days to 14 days. The histology findings are interstitial edema, tubular obstruction. Conclusions: Acute renal failure complicating of nephritic syndrome is reversible, the exact pathophysiology of ARF is not understood. Possible causes include edema, tubular obstruction, altered glomerular permeability, and unrecognized hypovolemia.
Acute Kidney Injury/ pathology Nephrotic Syndrome ; Adult

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; congenital ; pathology ; therapy

Child ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; pathology

Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) is one of the underlying pathology of congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome. Infants with DMS develop nephrotic syndrome before 2 years of age and progress to end stage renal disease within 3 years of age. The authors experienced a case of isolated DMS in a 4-month-old male infant who had nephrotic syndrome for 1 month. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, pathological and molecular genetic findings. This is the 3rd case report of DMS in our country and the 1st case report of isolated DMS confirmed by molecular genetic study.
Denys-Drash Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Molecular Biology ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Pathology ; Sclerosis*

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical significance of urinary podocyte marker protein podocalyxin (PCX) in the diagnosis of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children and the evaluation of disease severity.

METHODSPCX levels in the first morning urine were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) in 175 children, including 53 children with acute PNS [36 cases of simple nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 17 cases of nephritic NS], 56 children with PNS in the remission stage (relapsed: 42 cases) and 66 healthy children (control group). Twenty-four hour urinary protein was measured in the 53 children with acute PNS. The optimal operating points for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS were determined using the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).

RESULTSSignificant increasd levels of urinary PCX were found in children with acute PNS compared with those in the remission stage and the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation was found between urinary PCX and 24 hour urinary protein in children with acute PNS (r=0.39, P<0.01). In children with acute PNS, urinary PCX levels were significantly higher in the nephritic NS group than in the simple NS group (P<0.05). In children in the remission stage, a significant increase in levels of urinary PCX was found in children who had relapsed compared with those who had not (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS was 0.915 and 0.784 respectively. The optimal operating point for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS was 7.97 and 10.28 ng/mL respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.1% and 93.4% respectively for acute PNS and of 94.1% and 52.8% respectively for nephritic NS.

CONCLUSIONSThe quantitative detection of urinary PCX is useful in the evaluation of podocyte dynamic changes. It is helpful in the diagnosis of acute PNS and in the differentiation of nephritic NS and simple NS.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; pathology ; urine ; Podocytes ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Sialoglycoproteins ; urine

Lessons learned over 25 years from treating focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in a regional pediatric nephrology program will be reviewed. In a cohort of children with biopsy-proven FSGS, consisting of a large percentage of African-American patients, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes are different from previously published data on mostly white children with the same condition. Because Asian and African children with nephrotic syndrome have the same higher incidence of FSGS, it is possible that Chinese children with FSGS have clinical characteristics, therapeutic responses, and long-term outcomes similar to African-American children as reviewed in this article.
African Americans ; Child ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prognosis

Arterial thrombosis is relatively rare compared with venous thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. However, the assessment of its pathogenesis and risk factors in individual patient with nephrotic syndrome is necessary to allow appropriate prophylactic management because it is a potentially serious problem. Hereby, with review of the literature, we report a case of a 53 yr-old man with cerebral infarction associated with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during the course of treatments with diuretics and steroid. It reveals that the hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome can be associated with cerebral infarction in adults. Prophylactic anticoagulants can be considered to reduce the risk of serious cerebral infarction in nephrotic patients with risk factors such as severe hypoalbuminemia and on diuretics or steroid treatment, even in young patients regardless of types of underlying glomerular diseases.
Cerebral Infarction/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) is usually a self-limited disease with a good eventual outcome. The prognosis of HSP is mainly determined by the renal involvement. In this study, We evaluated children with biopsy-proven Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis about the clinical outcome correlated with renal manifestation and morphologic findings. METHODS: The clinical features, initial laboratory and pathologic findings, and clinical outcome were evaluated in 60 children with biopsy-proven Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis at Yonsei University Severance Hospital during the period from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2002. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female patients was 1.2:1. The interval between the onset of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and renal manifestation was less than 3 months in 81% of the patients. Initial renal manifestation was microscopic hematuria in 100% of patients, isolated hematuria in 15%, acute nephritic syndrome in 7%, nephrotic syndrome in 22% of patients. Renal manifestation correlated with clinical outcome. Grade II and III were the most common in histologic grades of ISKDC. Renal pathologic finding correlated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Renal manifestation and pathologic findings correlated with the clinical outcome. It is necessary to evaluate the correlation between pathologic findings and treatment.
Child ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Nephritis* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*