Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; immunology ; Pericytes ; metabolism ; physiology

Angiopoietins(ANGPT) and their endothelial cell-specific tyrosine kinase receptors TEK are the major regulators of blood vessels angiogenesis under physiological and pathologic conditions. ANGPT1 is essentially involved in maturation, stabilization, and remodeling of blood vessels through inducing TEK autophosphorylation, promoting endothelial cell migration and survival. Instead, ANGPT2 appears to act as a natural antagonist of ANGPT1, it can activate vascular remodeling with the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) or regress frank blood vessels under the absence of VEGF. High expression of angiopoietins and TEK is often detected in tumor tissues. Many studies showed that disrupting the ANGPT/TEK receptor pathway could inhibit the growth of a number of murine tumors and human tumors. Thus, it is possible that inhibitors targeting the ANGPT/TEK pathway will have broad clinical utility to treatment of cancer.
Angiopoietin-1 ; physiology ; Angiopoietin-2 ; physiology ; Angiopoietins ; physiology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; physiology

Angiogenesis is a process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels though sprouting or other ways. It plays an important role in both physiological and pathological processes. Researches have found that platelets may contribute to angiogenesis as well. In this paper, we review the role of platelet in angiogenesis, especially the relationship with tumor angiogenesis, and discuss clinical implications of these findings.
Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; physiology

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator during these processes. It not only functions in bone angiogenesis but also in various aspects of bone development.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; physiology ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; physiology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; physiology ; Cartilage ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Osteoclasts ; physiology ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; physiology

The discovery of endogenous gasotransmitters puts forwards a new concept, "waste gas is not waste". Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is considered as a new member of gasotransmitter family, following nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recently, the understanding of H(2)S biological effect and its mechanisms has been deepened, especially the pathophysiological significance of H(2)S in the various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, etc. This article reviews recent progress of basic, clinical and pharmacological researches related to endogenous H(2)S, including the regulatory effects of H(2)S on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and ion channels, the role of endogenous H(2)S pathway in the pathogenesis of various diseases, as well as the study of the H(2)S donor and H(2)S-related drugs.
Animals ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Ion Channels ; physiology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-life free radical that acts as the small biological molecule, and exists in body extensively. Since its discovery over 20 years ago, NO has been found to play an important regulation role in angiogenesis, nerve and immune system. The subsequent studies also showed that NO exerted an important biological action in wound repairing and healing, which involved in the following phases of wound repair, inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix deposition and remodeling. This paper reviews recent findings from in vitro & in vivo studies of NO in wound repair, and the biological function and mechanisms of NO in wound repair.
Animals ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; physiology ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing ; drug effects ; physiology

Angiogenesis plays a fundamental role in the development of the embryonic vascular tree as well as in several normal and pathologic conditions during postnatal life. Blood supply, established by neovascularization, is imperative for histogenesis during wound healing as well as the limb lengthening applied extensively in the treatment of skeletal trauma sequalae. But little attention has been paid to this area. This review aims to summarize angiogenesis regulation, the process of angiogenesis in wound healing and angiogenesis under mechanical stress, particularly in association with the tension-stress principle.
Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Stress, Mechanical ; Wound Healing ; physiology ; Wounds and Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with a complex structure and a length of >200 nt which are unable to encode proteins. The lncRNAs interact with DNA, mRNA, and proteins and regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, thus participating in the regulation of various biological processes. Studies have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in neural development and the pathogenesis of diseases. This article reviews the roles of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; etiology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nerve Regeneration ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; physiology

OBJECTIVEBy observing the adipogenic and angiogenic microenvironment impact on the morphology of newly generated tissue for exploring the key factors which inducing mature adipose tissue regeneration in tissue engineering model.

METHODS24 healthy 6 months' New Zealand rabbits were picked and put into four groups according to different microenvironment. Every group has 6 rabbits and divided as follows: no axial-blood supply fat flap(0 ml), granular fat only(0.6 ml), axial blood vessel only (0.05 ml), axial vascularized fat flap ((0.6 ml). We separated or combined adipogenic and angiogenic environment within these groups. After 8 weeks, samples were harvested for histologic observation including macroscopic observation, volume analysis and HE testing.

RESULTSIn granular fat group, its volume decreased by (0.25 ± 0.10) ml after 8 weeks as the shortage of blood supply and finally it could be enveloped. In axial blood vessel group, its volume increased by (0. 37 ± 0. 04) ml after 8 weeks with fibrous tissue formation as shortage of adipogenic microenvironment. The no axial-blood supply fat flap group grew into(0.12 ± 0.03) ml, which can' t support large volume adipose tissue formation because of lacking independent blood supply. Only axial vascularized fat flap model could generate mature adipose tissue in large volume(3.45 ± 0.48) ml. The number of new capillary in every group was different after 8 weeks. By counting the numbers in every single view, no axial-blood supply fat flap group 15 ± 3.5)and granular fat only group(5 ± 2.5)had a significant difference with axial vascularized fat flap group 22 ± 5) respectively.

CONCLUSIONOnly both adipogenic or angiogenic microenvironment exist could induce mature adipose tissue in large volume in tissue engineering chamber model.

Adipogenesis ; physiology ; Adipose Tissue ; physiology ; Animals ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus (HBV) replication has been reported to be involved in many extrahepatic viral disorders; however, the mechanism by which HBV is transinfected into extrahepatic tissues such as myocardium and causes HBV associated myocarditis remains largely unknown.

METHODSIn this study, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were infected by HBV and then transfused into ischemic model of mice. HBV surface and core antigen as well as mutation of HBV particles were detected by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent activated cell sorter and transmission electron microscopy in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTSHuman cord blood EPCs, but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could be effectively infected by taking up HBV in vitro. HBV envelope surface and core antigen expressions were first detectable in EPCs at day 3 after virus challenge, sustained for up to 11 days, and decreased thereafter. Similarly, the virus particles were the most abundant in EPCs in the first week observed by a transmission electron microscope, and declined in 3 weeks after HBV infection. HBV DNA but not HBV cccDNA in EPCs were detectable even 3 weeks after virus challenge, as shown by PCR analysis. Furthermore, intravenous transplantation of HBV-treated EPCs into myocardial infarction Sprague & Dawley rats model resulted in incorporation of both EPCs and HBV into injured endothelial tissues of capillaries in the ischemic border zone.

CONCLUSIONSThese results strongly support that EPCs serve as virus carrier mediating HBV trans-infection into the injured myocardial tissues. The findings might suggest a novel mechanism for HBV-associated myocarditis.

Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Heart ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Stem Cells ; physiology