As a recently emerging molecular imaging technique, fluorescent molecular imaging has the advantage of fast imaging, simple operation, high sensitivity, low cost, nonionizing radiation and so on. Through the real-time, non-invasive, specific tracking and detection of tumorigenesis, metastases, angiogenesis, and the therapeutic response to antitumor drugs in vivo, we can study the physiological and pathological processes within tumors at cellular and molecular levels. Fluorescent molecular imaging provides effective methods for the early detection and targeted therapy of tumor, for the intraoperative visualization of tumor foci, as well as for the development of new antitumor drugs in the future clinical practice.
Animals ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Molecular Imaging ; methods ; Molecular Probe Techniques ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possibility of microvessel density (MVD) and blood vessel invade (BVI) as the indexes in predicting prognosis of rectal carcinoma at stages I to II.

METHODSTumor tissues from 380 patients who underwent resection of stage I or II rectal cancer were analyzed for MVD and BVI by immunohistochemical S-P method with anti-CD105 and anti-CD 34 antibody. Binary and multivariable Cox regression was applied to indicate independent factors associated with overall survival.

RESULTSCD105 was present in the neovascularity of the cancer tissue but not in the normal tissue, while CD34 was present in the tumor tissue and the normal tissue. BVI on CD34 staining was significantly higher than that on HE staining. Multivariable analysis revealed that TNM stage, CD34-BVI, histologic type, and CD105-MDV were independent risk factors to predict the possibility of poor prognosis of stage I or II rectal cancer. CD34-BVI or CD105-MVD positivity had a hazard ratio of 4.483 (95% confidence interval 2.861-7.026) for mortality.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of CD34-BVI and CD105-MVD are independent factors to predict the possibility of poor survival of stage I or II rectal carcinoma. Detection of CD105-MVD combined with CD34-BVI may help predict clinical outcome and design further individualized adjuvant treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Endoglin ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; pathology

This study aims to find good markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-lα)/E-cad protein in ESCC were investigated by immunostaining. The association between VM, HIF-lα/E-cad and clinicopathologic characteristics and 5-year-survival rate of patients with ESCC was analyzed. A total of 160 ESCC specimens were involved in this study and 28 specimens of normal esophageal mucosa served as controls. VM channels were identified in 78 (48.75%) of the 160 ESCC specimens and none of the normal esophageal mucosa was found to have VM. The rates of high-expression of HIF-lα and E-cad in ESCC were 43.75% and 38.75%, while the rates in control were 17.86% and 71.43%, respectively (P<0.05 for all). VM and the expression levels of HIF-lα and E-cad were significantly related to lymph node metastasis, serosa infiltration, PTNM staging and 5-year-survival rates of patients with ESCC (P<0.05 for all). VM was positively correlated with HIF-lα but negatively with E-cad, and HIF-lα was negatively correlated with E-cad (P<0.001 for all). The 5-year-survival rate of patients with ESCC was 6.41% (5/78) in VM group and 65% (52/82) in non-VM group, 7.14% (5/70) in high HIF-lα expression group and 57.78% (52/90) in low HIF-lα expression group. Oppositely, the 5-year-survival rate in high E-cad expression group was 80.65% (50/62) and that in low E-cad expression group was 7.37% (7/98) (P<0.05 for all). Cox multifactor regression analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis, PTNM stage, VM and expression levels of HIF-lα and E-cad were independent risk factors of patients with ESCC (P<0.05 for all). Combined detection of VM, HIF-lα and E-cad plays an important role in predicting the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of patients with ESCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between angiogensis and TCM Syndrome type of cyclomastopathy (CMP) to investigate the objective standardization of TCM Syndrome diagnosis of the disease.

METHODSOne hundred and forty patients with CMP were divided into three groups according to TCM syndrome typing. The pathological type, grade and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and microvascular density (MVD) in mammary biopsy were observed.

RESULTSThe expressions of VEGF, bFGF and MVD was different in CMP patients of different TCM types and pathological grades (P < 0.05). The proportion of atypical proliferation, the count of MVD and the expression of VEGF and bFGF were higher in patients of phlegm and stasis type than those in Gan stagnation caused Qistagnation type and Chong and Ren meridians disorder type.

CONCLUSIONTCM Syndrome type of CMP patients is related with vascular activity and grade of angiogensis. The pathological characteristics of mammary tissue and expression of VEGF, bFGF and MVD can be regarded as the objective indexes of TCM typing and clinical efficacy evaluation for CMP.

Adult ; Breast ; blood supply ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; biosynthesis ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether quantitative perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) correlate with immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative DCE-MRI was performed in 63 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Transendothelial volume transfer (Ktrans) and fractional volume of the extravascular-extracellular space (Ve) were measured by Interactive Data Language software in rectal cancer. After surgery, microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression scores were determined using immunohistochemical staining of rectal cancer specimens. Perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Ve) of DCE-MRI in rectal cancer were found to be correlated with MVD and VEGF expression scores by Spearman's rank coefficient analysis. T stage and N stage (negative or positive) were correlated with perfusion parameters and MVD. RESULTS: Significant correlation was not found between any DCE-MRI perfusion parameters and MVD (rs = -0.056 and p = 0.662 for Ktrans; rs = -0.103 and p = 0.416 for Ve), or between any DCE-MRI perfusion parameters and the VEGF expression score (rs = -0.042, p = 0.741 for Ktrans ; r = 0.086, p = 0.497 for Ve) in rectal cancer. TN stage showed no significant correlation with perfusion parameters or MVD (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI perfusion parameters, Ktrans and Ve, correlated poorly with MVD and VEGF expression scores in rectal cancer, suggesting that these parameters do not simply denote static histological vascular properties.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contrast Media/*diagnostic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnosis/metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms/blood supply/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Markers, Biological/biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*biosynthesis

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Bone marrow (BM) microvessel density (MVD) is a useful marker of angiogenesis and is determined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34 antibody. This study investigated the prognostic impact of MVD and demonstrated the relationship between MVD and previously mentioned prognostic factors in patients with MM. METHODS: The study included 107 patients with MM. MVD was assessed at initial diagnosis in a blinded manner by two hematopathologists who examined three CD34-positive hot spots per patient and counted the number of vessels in BM samples. Patients were divided into three groups according to MVD tertiles. Cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves, calculated by using Kaplan-Meier method, were compared among the three groups. Prognostic impact of MVD was assessed by calculating Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS: Median MVDs in the three groups were 16.8, 33.9, and 54.7. MVDs were correlated with other prognostic factors, including beta2-microglobulin concentration, plasma cell percentage in the BM, and cancer stage according to the International Staging System. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high MVD was an independent predictor of PFS (HR=2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-5.42; P=0.013). PFS was significantly lower in the high MVD group than in the low MVD group (P=0.025). However, no difference was observed in the OS (P=0.428). CONCLUSIONS: Increased BM MVD is a marker of poor prognosis in patients newly diagnosed with MM. BM MVD should be assessed at the initial diagnosis of MM.
Aged ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Bone Marrow/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Microvessels/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/*diagnosis/mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Plasma Cells/cytology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study angiogenesis and the expression of nm23-H(1) tumor metastatic suppressor gene in primary breast carcinoma and their relationship with axillary lymph node metastasis.

METHODSIntratumoral vascularization in 80 cases of breast cancer was observed preoperatively by power doppler imaging (PDI) and analysed with computer-assisted quantative assessment, and the expression of microvessel density (MVD) and nm23 protein was determined by immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTSBlood flow signals and blood vessels postitive area within masses were more in axillary node positive (LN+) group than in axillary node negative (LN-) group (t = 7.07, P < 0.01), MVD expression were higher in the LN+ group than in the LN- group (t = 6.34, P < 0.01). Meanwhile the expression of nm23-H(1) protein was lower in the LN+ group than in the LN- group, and significant correlation was found between angiogenesis and the expression of nm23-H(1) protein.

CONCLUSIONSAngiogenesis and the expression of nm23-H(1) protein may play an important role in the lymphatic metastasis process of breast cancer. Furthermore, angiogenesis may correlates with the expression of nm23-H(1) protein in that progress.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axilla ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis