1.Role of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid in Gastrointestinal Cancer.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2013;62(6):317-326
With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology
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Humans
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Liver Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
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RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism
2.Role of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid in Gastrointestinal Cancer.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2013;62(6):317-326
With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology
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Humans
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Liver Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
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RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism
3.MicroRNA in head and neck carcinoma.
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2013;42(5):355-358
4.The Mechanism and Influence of AKAP12 in Different Cancers.
Xuan WU ; Tong WU ; Ke LI ; Yuan LI ; Ting Ting HU ; Wei Feng WANG ; Su Jing QIANG ; Shao Bo XUE ; Wei Wei LIU
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018;31(12):927-932
A Kinase Anchor Proteins
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genetics
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metabolism
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Animals
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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genetics
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metabolism
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Humans
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Neoplasms
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genetics
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metabolism
5.Divide and Conquer: Progress in the Molecular Stratification of Cancer.
Yonsei Medical Journal 2009;50(4):464-473
Cancer remains an outstanding cause of global morbidity and mortality, despite intensive research and unprecedented insights into the basic mechanisms of cancer development. A plethora of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cancers from individual patients are likely to be molecularly heterogeneous in their use of distinct oncogenic pathways and biological programs. Efforts to significantly impact cancer patient outcomes will almost certainly require the development of robust strategies to subdivide such heterogeneous panels of cancers into biologically and clinically homogenous subgroups, for the purposes of personalizing treatment protocols and identifying optimal drug targets. In this review, I describe recent progress in the development of both targeted and genome-wide approaches for the molecular stratification of cancers, drawing examples from both the haematopoietic and solid tumor malignancies.
Animals
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Genomics
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Humans
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Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology
6.Divide and Conquer: Progress in the Molecular Stratification of Cancer.
Yonsei Medical Journal 2009;50(4):464-473
Cancer remains an outstanding cause of global morbidity and mortality, despite intensive research and unprecedented insights into the basic mechanisms of cancer development. A plethora of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cancers from individual patients are likely to be molecularly heterogeneous in their use of distinct oncogenic pathways and biological programs. Efforts to significantly impact cancer patient outcomes will almost certainly require the development of robust strategies to subdivide such heterogeneous panels of cancers into biologically and clinically homogenous subgroups, for the purposes of personalizing treatment protocols and identifying optimal drug targets. In this review, I describe recent progress in the development of both targeted and genome-wide approaches for the molecular stratification of cancers, drawing examples from both the haematopoietic and solid tumor malignancies.
Animals
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Genomics
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Humans
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Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology
7.Research advances in CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing member 5.
Ye-qing YUAN ; Yun-bei XIAO ; Zhen-hua LIU ; Xiao-wei ZHANG ; Tao XU ; Xiao-feng WANG
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2012;34(6):625-628
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing member(CMTM)is a novel generic family firstly reported by Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics. CMTM5 belongs to this family and has exhibited tumor-inhibiting activities. It can encode proteins approaching to the transmembrane 4 superfamily(TM4SF). CMTM5 is broadly expressed in normal adult and fetal human tissues, but is undetectable or down-regulated in most carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Restoration of CMTM5 may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of carcinoma cells. Although the exact mechanism of its anti-tumor activity remains unclear, CMTM5 may be involved in various signaling pathways governing the occurrence and development of tumors. CMTM5 may be a new target in the gene therapies for tumors, while further studies on CMTM5 and its anti-tumor mechanisms are warranted.
Chemokines
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genetics
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metabolism
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Humans
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MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins
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genetics
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metabolism
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Neoplasms
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genetics
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metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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genetics
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metabolism
8.The roles of ncRNAs and histone-modifiers in regulating breast cancer stem cells.
Zhiju ZHAO ; Shu LI ; Erwei SONG ; Suling LIU
Protein & Cell 2016;7(2):89-99
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with ability of initiating tumorigenesis, exist in many kinds of tumors including breast cancer. Cancer stem cells contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. Conventional treatments only kill differentiated cancer cells, but spare CSCs. Combining conventional treatments with therapeutic drugs targeting to CSCs will eradicate cancer cells more efficiently. Studying the molecular mechanisms of CSCs regulation is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies. Growing evidences showed CSCs are regulated by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and histone-modifiers, such as let-7, miR-93, miR-100, HOTAIR, Bmi-1 and EZH2. Herein we review the roles of microRNAs, lncRNAs and histone-modifiers especially Polycomb family proteins in regulating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
Breast Neoplasms
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genetics
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metabolism
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pathology
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Histones
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metabolism
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Humans
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Neoplastic Stem Cells
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metabolism
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RNA, Untranslated
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genetics
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metabolism
9.Expression of core components of Wnt2 signaling pathway in gliomas.
Guang-xiu WANG ; Zhi-yong ZHANG ; Pei-yu PU ; Chun-sheng KANG ; Shi-zhu YU ; Zhi-fan JIA ; Peng XU ; Xuan ZHOU
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2009;38(7):481-482
Astrocytoma
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genetics
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metabolism
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Brain Neoplasms
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genetics
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metabolism
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Frizzled Receptors
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genetics
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metabolism
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Glioblastoma
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genetics
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metabolism
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Glioma
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genetics
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metabolism
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Humans
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Paraffin Embedding
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RNA, Messenger
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metabolism
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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genetics
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metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Wnt2 Protein
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genetics
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metabolism
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beta Catenin
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genetics
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metabolism
10.Role of TROP2 in cancer and as potential therapeutic target.
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2013;42(12):860-863
Animals
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Antigens, Neoplasm
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genetics
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metabolism
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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genetics
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metabolism
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Brain Neoplasms
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metabolism
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Cell Adhesion Molecules
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genetics
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metabolism
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Digestive System Neoplasms
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metabolism
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Female
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Genital Neoplasms, Female
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metabolism
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Glioma
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metabolism
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Head and Neck Neoplasms
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metabolism
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Humans
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Immunotherapy
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Male
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Prostatic Neoplasms
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metabolism
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Signal Transduction