Molecular Epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk ; Smoking

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe relationship between myeloperoxidase G-463A genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility has been studied extensively. However, the outcomes are not consistent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between myeloperoxidase genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility by meta analysis.

METHODSDocuments published were retrieved through databases associated with the study. Taking into account the possibilities of heterogeneity of the studies, a statistical test for heterngeneity was performed. The odds ratio and 95% CI were used to evaluate the risks. The meta analysis was applied with RevMan software 4.2, and the forest plot and funnel plot of meta analysis were worked out.

RESULTSA total of 5 381 cases and 5 827 controls from studies for Caucasian and a total of 1 558 cases and 1 755 controls from studies for East Asians were included. For Caucasian the pooled OR was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81-1.02); For East Asians, the pooled OR is 0.83 (95% CI: 0.63-1.09). Publication bias exits in the study for Caucasian, but not for East Asians.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicated that the polymorphism of myeloperoxidase G-463A was not significantly associated with the lung cancer risk for Caucasian or East Asians. However, further studies for the East Asians is needed for the few subjects.

Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Peroxidase ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the interaction between inheritance and environment with the aid of research on the genetic modes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSA genetic epidemiological study of HCC was conducted based on the methods of Penrose, simple segregation and Falconer for 100 proband pedigrees from HBsAg positive cohort. The proband samples came from a cohort of 90,00 people who were followed for 8 years. Analyses on genetic modes were carried out and heritability was calculated through the comparison of the proband pedigrees incidence frequency with incidence frequencies of the cohort and general population.

RESULTSThe incidence frequency of first-degree relatives was 4.0%, higher than what was seen in the general population incidence frequency (0.44%) and the cohort (1.03%). A familial aggregation of HBsAg carriers and a strong positive correlation between HBsAg carrier status and HCC were noticed (OR = 8.44, 95% CI: 3.37-20.06, P < 0.001). A ratio of the incidence frequency among siblings to the incident frequency among general population (s/q) approached 1/q(1/2) by Penrose method, but simple segregation did not show agreement with single-gene inheritance. The heritability from positive cohort was 42% +/- 6% (P < 0.05), compared with the heritability (59% +/- 7%) of general population. When the effect of the HBsAg was under control, the heritability from positive cohort turned to be 29% +/- 8% (P < 0.05), compared with the heritability (47% +/- 7%) of general population.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggested that HCC followed a multifactorial mode rather than single inheritance. An interaction effect of inheritance and environment on HCC was also noticed.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; epidemiology ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Male

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a rare disease in most parts of the world, except for Southeast Asia, some parts of North Africa and the Arctic. It is mostly seen in people of Chinese origin. In India, NPC is also rare, except for the Hill States of Northeast India, particularly Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. The striking feature of NPC in Northeast India is that the incidence ranges over the complete spectrum from the lowest (as 0.5/100 000 to 2.0/100 000 among Caucasoid) to the highest (as about 20/100 000 among Cantonese/Zhongshan dialect Chinese). The age-adjusted rate of NPC in Kohima district of Nagaland State is 19.4/100 000, which is among the highest recorded rates. By contrast, in Assam, one of the so-called Hill States but not itself a hilly state, NPC is much less common. The Northeastern region is distinguished by a preponderance of the Tibeto-Burman languages and by variable mongoloid features among peoples of the region. The nature of the migratory populations who are presumed to be bearers of the mongoloid risk is unknown, but these NPC occurrence features provide an outstanding opportunity for NPC risk investigation, such as that of the hypothesis of Wee et al. for westward displacement of Chinese aborigines following the last glacial maximum.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; epidemiology ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Incidence ; India ; epidemiology ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Sikkim ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of counter-matching design in epidemiological research.

METHODSThrough elaboration of the study about gene-environment interactions in the etiology of breast cancer, methodology regarding counter-matching design and statistic methods was introduced.

RESULTSThis design improved the potential for detecting gene-environment interactions for diseases when both gene mutations and the environmental exposures of interest were rare in the general population.

CONCLUSIONCounter-matching appearsed to be more appropriate than most traditional epidemiologic methods for the study of interactions involving rare factors.

Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics ; radiotherapy ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; Male

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; epidemiology ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

No abstract available.
Adult ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; Environmental Exposure ; Genome, Human/radiation effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics ; *Nuclear Power Plants ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is endemic in Southern China, with Guandong province and Hong Kong reporting some of the highest incidences in the world. The journal Science has called it a "Cantonese cancer". We propose that in fact NPC is a cancer that originated in the Bai Yue ("proto Tai Kadai" or "proto Austronesian" or "proto Zhuang") peoples and was transmitted to the Han Chinese in southern China through intermarriage. However, the work by John Ho raised the profile of NPC, and because of the high incidence of NPC in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, NPC became known as a Cantonese cancer. We searched historical articles, articles cited in PubMed, Google, monographs, books and Internet articles relating to genetics of the peoples with high populations of NPC. The migration history of these various peoples was extensively researched, and where possible, their genetic fingerprint identified to corroborate with historical accounts. Genetic and anthropological evidence suggest there are a lot of similarities between the Bai Yue and the aboriginal peoples of Borneo and Northeast India; between Inuit of Greenland, Austronesian Mayalo Polynesians of Southeast Asia and Polynesians of Oceania, suggesting some common ancestry. Genetic studies also suggest the present Cantonese, Minnans and Hakkas are probably an admixture of northern Han and southern Bai Yue. All these populations have a high incidence of NPC. Very early contact between southern Chinese and peoples of East Africa and Arabia can also account for the intermediate incidence of NPC in these regions.
Asia, Southeastern ; epidemiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; history ; Borneo ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; history ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; history ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Greenland ; epidemiology ; History, Ancient ; Hong Kong ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; India ; epidemiology ; Inuits ; genetics ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; genetics ; mortality ; Oceania ; epidemiology