We report two cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma occurring after the successful treatment of osteosarcoma. One of the patients was administered with several alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitor as part of the primary treatment of osteosarcoma. The onset of thyroid carcinoma occurred after 5 and 12 yr after cessation of the osteosarcoma therapy. All the patients involved in this study are alive and free of their malignancies. There have been eight case reports of these two malignancies occurring in the same patient. Thyroid carcinoma rarely occurs in patients with osteosarcoma; however, vigilant surveillance and long-term follow-up should be emphasized for all survivors.
Adolescent ; Bone Neoplasms/*therapy ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/*etiology ; Osteosarcoma/*therapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*etiology

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism, susceptibility, (18)F-FDG positron emission computerized tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) features and the treatment of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. One patient with NHL was affected with t-MDS after treatment and then progressed to t-AML. The clinical data including bone marrow cell morphology, flow cytometry, karyotype and PET/CT features were analyzed. The results showed that the primary treatment for NHL refers to varieties of cytotoxic drug such as cyclophosphamide-hydroxydaunomycin-oncovin-prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy. The interval time from the chemotherapy of NHL to the occurrence of t-MDS was 105 months and t-MDS progressed to AML-M(2) in 2 months. Karyotype analysis results of t-MDS and t-AML were normal. (18)F-FDG PET indicated that the FDG uptake in the bone raised diffusely. The patient showed complete response after second-line therapy (CAG regiments). In conclusion, the occurrence of t-AML/MDS may be associated with the application of the cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. (18)F-FDG PET may be an indicator predicting the transformation of t-MDS to t-AML.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; etiology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; etiology ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; etiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; etiology ; pathology

Secondary leukemia occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare. Secondary AML usually follows autologous and not allogeneic transplants. When a new leukemia develops in a patient successfully treated with an allogeneic HSCT, the possibility of a de novo or secondary leukemia from either the donor or recipient should be considered. We present a case initially diagnosed as de novo AML without a cytogenetic abnormality. The patient was successfully treated with an HLA-matched sibling allogeneic HSCT. However, more than six years later, AML developed again and was associated with new complex cytogenetic abnormalities. After a second HSCT, the patient has been followed without serious complications. Considering the allogeneic setting, the newly developed cytogenetic abnormalities, a relatively long latent period, and the good clinical course after the second allogeneic HSCT, this case might represent a second de novo AML following successful treatment of the first AML.
Adult ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*etiology/pathology/*therapy ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/*etiology/pathology ; Transplantation, Homologous

Metachronous association between gastric lymphoma and early gastric cancer is a rare event. Recent studies have suggested that a relationship exists between gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric carcinoma although the mechanism is unknown. Herein, we report a 53-year-old man who visited to our hospital due to melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a MALT lymphoma on the greater curvature of lower body. The patient received anti-Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, followed by 6 cycles of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and achieved complete remission 12 months after the therapy. Three years later, he revisited our hospital with epigastric pain. EGD revealed an early gastric cancer on the anterior wall of proximal antrum, nearly opposite to the previous lymphoma site, and a partial gastrectomy was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of metachronous MALT lymphoma and subsequent gastric carcinoma in Korea.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Gastric Mucosa/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/*diagnosis/pathology/radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/*diagnosis/etiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology

To investigate the leukemia relapse of AL patients after HLA haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (HLA HBMT), 2 relapsed leukemia patients received HLA HBMT were studied, peripheral blood simples and bone marrow smear were examined, morphologic change of bone marrow cells was observed, while the HLA genotype and chromosome karyotye were analyzed by PCR and routine G-banding methods, respectively. The results indicated that the two cases were diagnosed primarily as acute lymphocytic leukemia (common cell subtype) and acute megakaryocytic leukemia, in which chromosome abnormalities or activation of protooncogene in leukemic cells were observed. The complete hematopuietie reconstitution of donor origin was obtained in these 2 cases after HLA HBMT, but the leukemic cells in these 2 leukemia patients were confirmed to be donor origin after relapse, their blood groups and HLA genotype were found to be originated from donor. These 2 relapsed leukemia patients were diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia (B cell subtype) and acute megakaryocytic leukemia. It is suggested that high-dose of immunosuppressive agents used in transplantation may contribute to leukemia relapse of donor origin in these patients. Abnormalities in hematopoietic microenvironment may be also involved in the leukemia development. Donor-cell leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be an ideal model to investigate the related events in human leukemogenesis.
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; etiology ; pathology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; blood ; therapy ; Recurrence ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of second primary tumor of tongue (SPTr) after nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCR) treated with radiotherapy.

METHODSClinical data of 53 patients with SP7T after NPCR (group A) and 252 patients with primary tongue carcinoma (group B) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to clinical characteristics and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier); and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between group A and group B ( P > 0. 05) in the presenting age, sex, tumor size, cTNM stage, tumor differentiation and the rate of distant metastasis. The overall 5-year survival rates were 41.6% in group A and 56.3% in group B (chi2 = 4.40, P = 0.0359) with a statistically significant difference between two groups. The differences of tumor location (chi2 = 61.18, P = 0.000) and rate of clinical (cN+, chi2 = 6.846, P = 0.009) or pathological lymph node metastasis (pN+, X2 = 3.993, P = 0.046) were also statistically significant between group A and group B, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age at presence, cTNM stage and with or without neck lymph node dissection were independent risk factors affecting survival.

CONCLUSIONSecond primary tongue carcinoma after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is likely to occur on the dorsal aspect of the tongue with worse prognosis but with a lower rate of lymph node metastasis than that of primary tongue carcinoma. However, radiotherapy history is not an independent influencing factor on prognosis. Surgical resection or combined modality therapy may give a better prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glossectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Tongue Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal adenomas that are > or =10 mm have villous histology or high-grade dysplasia, or that are associated with > or =3 adenomas are considered high-risk for metachronous advanced neoplasia. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of metachronous advanced neoplasia according to the total number of high-risk findings detected on baseline colonoscopy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed in 862 patients who underwent removal of colorectal adenomas between 2005 and 2009. At least one surveillance colonoscopy had been conducted at Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of metachronous advanced neoplasia in patients with 0, 1, 2, and 3-4 high-risk findings at 1 year were 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.8%, and 8.0%; at 3 years, those were 5.9%, 11.9%, 15.5%, and 24.7%; and at 5 years, those were 8.5%, 18.7%, 26.3%, and 37.2%, respectively. In a multivariate model, the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia was significantly higher for the multiple high-risk findings group when compared with the 0 high-risk findings group (1 high-risk (+): hazard ratio, 1.86 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-3.44]; 2 high-risk (+): 1.84 [0.88-3.84]; and 3-4 high-risk (+): 3.29 [1.54-7.01]; ptrend=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of overlapping multiple high-risk findings was associated with an increased risk of advanced neoplasia during surveillance.
Adenoma/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Aged ; Colonic Polyps/complications/surgery ; *Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Tumor Burden

The association of hematological malignancies with a mediastinal germ cell tumor (GCT) is very rare. We report one case of a young adult male with primary mediastinal GCT who subsequently developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia involving isochromosome (12p). A 25-yr-old man had been diagnosed with a mediastinal GCT and underwent surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. At 1 week after the last cycle of chemotherapy, his peripheral blood showed leukocytosis with blasts. A bone marrow study confirmed the acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. A cytogenetic study revealed a complex karyotype with i(12p). Although additional chemotherapy was administered, the patient could not attain remission and died of septic shock. This case was definitely distinct from therapy-related secondary leukemia in terms of clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic features. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with mediastinal GCT subsequently developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia involving i(12p) in Korea.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Bleomycin/administration & dosage ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Cisplatin/administration & dosage ; Etoposide/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Isochromosomes ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy/etiology/*genetics ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/drug therapy/etiology/*genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Shock, Septic/pathology

Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy have contributed to the successful treatment of various cancer patients. But the development of second malignancies is an inevitable complication of long-term cytotoxic treatment. The most serious and frequent of such complications is acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Therapy-related leukemia is generally fatal. Since the number of patients exposed to chemotherapy is increasing each year, the clinical significance of this entity cannot be underestimated. There have been many investigations of therapy-related leukemia, but in Korea published reports are rare. We describe four such cases, involving one older female with lung cancer and three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma. Alkylating agents were used for chemotherapy, and in one case, topoisomerase II inhibitor. Irrespective of the causative agents, the latency periods were relatively short, and despite induction chemotherapy in two, all survived for only a few months. During the follow-up of patients treated for primary malignancies, the possibility of therapy-related leukemia should always be borne in mind.
Adolescence ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy ; Case Report ; Child ; DNA Topoisomerase (ATP-Hydrolysing)/antagonists & inhibitors ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Human ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/etiology ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/etiology* ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/etiology* ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology*