Plasma cell neoplasms are generally categorized into four groups; multiple myeloma(MM), solitary plasmacytoma of the bone(SPB), plasma cell leukemias, and extramedullary plasmacytomas(EMP). These tumors may be further described as localized or diffuse in presentation. Localized plasma cell neoplasms are rare occurrences and include solitary plasmacytomas of the skeletal system, which account for 2-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms and extramedullary plasmacytomas of the soft tissue, which account for approximately 3% of all such neoplasms. A plasmacytoma is defined as any discrete, most likely solitary mass of neoplastic plasma cells either in the bone marrow or in various soft tissue sites. Diffuse lesions include the other two groups, multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia. The relationship between these processes has not yet been definitively characterized, but there appears to be a continuum in which both SPB and EMP often progress to MM. The patient was referred who had continuous deep throbbing bone pain and swelling on the left posterior gingival area of the mandible after extraction of the first and second molar. The result of intraoperative excisional biopsy of the lesion was confirmed as a plasmacytoma. And it revealed systemic multiple myeloma through the further diagnostic work-up. It is worth to report because of a rare case of multiple myeloma found in oral cavity as a form of plasmacytoma.]]>
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Leukemia, Plasma Cell ; Mandible ; Molar ; Mouth ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma

Plasmacytoma is a plasma cell neoplasm that locally infiltrates a bone or spreads to extramedullary areas. A new World Health Organization criterion defines solitary plasmacytoma of bone as a localized bone tumor consisting of plasma cells identical to those seen in plasma cell myeloma, which is manifested as a solitary osteolytic lesion in a radiological evaluation. Primary tumors of the sternum are generally malignant, and solitary plasmacytomas of the sternum are very rare tumors. We present herein the case of a patient who had a primary sternal tumor with solitary plasmacytoma and no evidence of multiple myeloma.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Sternum* ; World Health Organization

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) represent 3% of plasma cell neoplasms. Approximately 80-90% of EMPs involve the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the upper airways and 75% of these involve the nasal and paranasal regions, while renal or retroperitoneal infiltration is very rare. EMPs are highly radiosensitive, with excellent results. The local control rate of radiotherapy can reach 90-97% and the 5-year overall survival rate can be 57-61%. EMP has an indolent course and the prognosis is generally favorable, with 70% of the patients remaining disease free for 10 years. However, about 30% may progress to plasma cell myeloma or relapse. Here, we report a case of a huge retroperitoneal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma that grew rapidly.
Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Plasmacytoma* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Plasma cell neoplasm is an abnormal condition with an excessive proliferation of plasma cell in the reticuloendothelial tissue, Willis classified clinical and pathological features of plasma cell neoplasm into multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytoma. The extramedullary plasmacytoma is an unusual form of plasma cell neoplasm and occurs most commonly in the head and neck area, especially in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, where the most frequent sites are the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity and nasopharynx. However, the larynx is rarely involved. In this study, we report, with a review of literatures, a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx which was treated surgically.
Head ; Larynx* ; Mouth ; Multiple Myeloma ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasopharynx ; Neck ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Respiratory System

BACKGROUND: The natural killer cell antigen CD56 (NCAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on neurons, astrocytes, and Schwann cells. Recently, it has been reported that CD56 expression is detected on plasma cells of multiple myeloma by flow cytometry. METHOD: In this study, to test the diagnostic usefulness of the anti-CD56 antibody for plasma cell neoplasm on paraffin-embedded materials, we performed immunohistochemical staining of samples from 19 patients with plasma cell neoplasms. These cases included 14 cases of multiple myeloma, 3 cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the bone, and two cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma. RESULTS: The neoplastic plasma cells from 68 % of the patients with plasma cell neoplasms expressed CD56 highly. CD56 was expressed in all three cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the bone and one of two extramedullary plasmacytoma, and nine out of 14 multiple myeloma cases. In contrast, reactive plasma cells from the 18 patients with miscellaneous lesions were completely negative for CD56. CONCLUSIONS: CD56 is aberrantly expressed on the neoplastic plasma cells, and it may be used as a useful marker for the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissues.
Antigens, CD56* ; Astrocytes ; Diagnosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell* ; Neurons ; Paraffin* ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma* ; Plasmacytoma ; Schwann Cells

He died after 2 months from diagnosis due to massive bleeding in esophageal lesion with complication. He died after 2 months from diagnosis due to massive bleeding in esophageal lesion with complication. We report one case of plasma cell leukemia associated with esophageal cancer. A 71-year-old man was admitted due to dysphagia and diagnosed as undifferentiated squamous cell cancer based on esophagogram and biopsy. In peripheral blood smear, large parcent of plasma cell like cells are found, so bone marrow examination was done and 52.5% of plasma cells are found with unusual morphology such as convoluted, multilobulated nuclei. Immunochemical stain and immunophenotypic features of these cells were suggestive of plasma cell origin with positivity for methylgreen pyronin positivity and CD38, CD56 positivity. Serum rotein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed monoclonal gammopathy of Ig G ,k type. This patient had no history of previous multiple myeloma or other maligancy. He died after 2 months from diagnosis due to massive bleeding in esophageal lesion with complication.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Electrophoresis ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Leukemia, Plasma Cell* ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Paraproteinemias ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma*

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone, one form of plasma cell neoplasms, is relatively rare. We successfully treated two cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the spine. Both patients underwent surgery. In a 46-year-old female, the tumor of C7 vertebral body was removed completely and the patient received postoperative radiotherapy(5400 rad). After a follow-up period of 27 months, she had no local recurrence. In the other 42-yea-old male, the tumor of the T6 vertebral body was partially removed and the patient did not receive postoperative radiotherapy. After 20 months, the patient had local recurrence with serious neurological deficits(paraparesis). We removed the regrown tumor mass totally, and his symptoms and signs were improved clinically. Then he received radiotherapy(5000 rad). After the mean follow up period of 33 months, neither patient developed disseminated systemic myeloma. The outcome of solitary osseous plasmacytoma is relatively good with surgically excision followed by local irradiation. Close long term follow-up of solitary plasmacytoma of bone is needed to detect progression to multiple myeloma. We report two cases of solitary plasmacytome of bone with a brief review of the literature.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Plasmacytoma ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Spine*

Plasma cell neoplasms of the liver include primary extramedullary plasmacytoma and a local manifestation of multiple myeloma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the liver in multiple myeloma is extremely rare although extramedullary involvement frequently occur in extramedullary sites such as lymph nodes, lung, pleura, gastrointestinal tracts, nervous system and spleen. We experienced a case of multiple myeloma with multiple intrahepatic extramedullary plasmacytomas which initially presented as metastatic cancer of the liver. Intrahepatic extramedullary plasmacytoma confirmed by ultrasono-guided liver biopsy, which disclosed numerous neoplastic plasma cell infiltration.
Biopsy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Nervous System ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Pleura ; Spleen

Solitary plasmacytoma, in contrast to the disseminated neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells with marked infiltration of multiple organ system in multiple myeloma, is plasma cell neoplasm of a single focus occuring either in bone or soft tissue. The association between a solitary plasmacytoma and peripheral neuropathy is rare, and it is a progressive sensorimotorneuropathy, with a raised CSF protein and mixed demyelination and axonal loss in nerve biopsy. Localized radiotherapy indeed proves to be effective of not only arresting the progress of the neuropathy but also allowing a degree of recovery. We experienced a 55-year-old male with a solitary plasmacytoma and peripheral neuropathy confirmed by the radiologic studies, immunohistochemical stain of nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsy and sural nerve biopsy, which has loss of myelinated fiber and axonal degeneration. Until now, the reported cases are very rare in Korea, so we presented a case of solitary plasmacytoma associated with peripheral neuropathy.
Axons ; Biopsy ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Multiple Myeloma ; Myelin Sheath ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Sural Nerve

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell neoplasm is diagnosed by performing bone marrow examination, serum- and urine-protein electrophoresis, and quantification of free light chains of immunoglobulins. We characterized and quantified monoclonal proteins typical of different diagnosed conditions to determine the best screening test(s). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed diagnosis of and the characteristics of monoclonal proteins from 113 patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Monoclonal proteins were detected by agarose-gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis, and if the results were ambiguous, they were confirmed by immunofixation electrophoresis. Free light chains were measured using nephelometry. RESULTS: The concentrations of monoclonal proteins in 113 patients with different conditions were as follows: multiple myeloma (MM) (67%), 2.66 (0.87-9.48) g/dL; monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (26%), 0.62 (0.08-2.95) g/dL; lymphoma (3%), 3.65 (1.59-6.54) g/dL; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (2%), 1.99 (1.08-2.90) g/dL; amyloidosis (2%), 0.61 g/dL; and POEMS syndrome (1%), 0.99 g/dL. There was a significant difference in the concentration and kappa/lambda ratio (which was based on the immunetype of the monoclonal proteins) of the monoclonal proteins in patients with MM and MGUS (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). The diagnostic sensitivity of serum-protein electrophoresis, free-light-chain assay, and bone marrow analysis was 87.6%, 84.1%, and 84.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of a combination of 2 or 3 of these tests was higher at 100%. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of protein electrophoresis with immunotyping and serum free-light-chain assay may be the best screening method for detecting monoclonal proteins since its non-invasiveness.
Amyloidosis ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Light ; Lymphoma ; Mass Screening ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Paraproteinemias ; Plasma ; Plasma Cells ; POEMS Syndrome ; Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia