Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Transcription Factors

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare. accounting for approximately 38 of all germ cell tumors. Debate continues over whether these lesions originate from extragonadal site or are metastatic disease from an undetected testis primary tumor. Recently. we experienced a case of extragonadal mixed germ cell tumor in a 26-year-old male who showed complete response by combination chemotherapy with cisplatin. etoposide. and bleomycin(PVpB) and have remained disease tree for about 14 months since diagnosis. Herein we report the case with brief review of the literature.
Adult ; Cisplatin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etoposide ; Germ Cells* ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Testis

Though extremely rare, teratoma must also be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal mass in the first year of life. The kidney is among the least frequent of the various anatomic location in which teratoma and other germ cell tumors have been reported. One of the earliest cases reported by McCurd(1934) in a 7 week old male with multiple anomalies. The intrarenal teratoma simulated nearly all of the preoperative features including the roentgenographic findings of Wilm's tumor. A histologic examination was required to reverse the clinical and operative impression. We report an anesthetic experience of a 3 month old infant with hypertension being admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of abdominal mass, which was clinically diagnosed as Wilms' tumor. However postoperative pathologic diagnosis was found to be intrarenal teratoma.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Infant ; Kidney ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Teratoma* ; Wilms Tumor

Primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are rare, accounting 1-5% among all germ cell tumors and 10% of all neoplasms in this area. Approximately 85% of these tumors occur in men with a mean age 29 years. These tumors are mainly found in the anterior mediastinum and appear grossly as large lobulated masses. They are frequently invasive at the time of diagnosis and almost 90% of patients are symptomatic. Primary nonseminomatous germ cell tumor arising in the posterior mediastinum is very rare. We report a case of 37- year old male arising from the posterior mediastinum. Serum tumors markers including alpha-fetoprotein and beta-hCG which are usually elevated in germ cell tumor were not elevated. He was found to have a primary mediastinal embryonal carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis at open exploration. He was treated with debulking surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, died of sepsis after 15 months postoperatively.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carcinoma, Embryonal* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinum* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Sepsis

Mature cystic teratoma, commonly called dermoid cyst, is the most common benign germ cell tumor of the ovary in children. Malignant transformation is rare, approximately 2%. As laparoscopic procedures are applied widely in pediatric surgery, a female chlid with a mature cystic teratoma may be an ideal candidate for laparoscopic surgery. Two children received laparoscopic operations successfuly for lower abdominal crises, twisted adnexa. There was no operative complication. Laparoscopic approach for ovarian lesions in infancy and childhood appears to be an effective and safe method for diagnosis as well as definitive therapy.
Child ; Cystectomy* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

Mature cystic teratoma, commonly called dermoid cyst, is the most common benign germ cell tumor of the ovary in children. Malignant transformation is rare, approximately 2%. As laparoscopic procedures are applied widely in pediatric surgery, a female chlid with a mature cystic teratoma may be an ideal candidate for laparoscopic surgery. Two children received laparoscopic operations successfuly for lower abdominal crises, twisted adnexa. There was no operative complication. Laparoscopic approach for ovarian lesions in infancy and childhood appears to be an effective and safe method for diagnosis as well as definitive therapy.
Child ; Cystectomy* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

The primary function of intraoperative frozen consultation is to provide an as accurate and prompt diagnosis as possible during surgery and to guide the surgeon in further management. However, the evaluation of frozen section (FS) is sometimes difficult because of suboptimal tissue quality and frozen artifacts compared with routinely processed tissue section. The pathologist responsible for the FS diagnosis requires experience and good judgment. Ovarian tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors including primary surface epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors and sex cord-stromal tumors, secondary tumors, and other groups of tumors of uncertain histogenesis or nonspecific stroma. Intraoperative FS is a very important and reliable tool that guides the surgical management of ovarian tumors. In this review, the diagnostic key points for the pathologist and the implication of the FS diagnosis on the operator’s decisions are discussed.
Artifacts ; Diagnosis ; Frozen Sections ; Judgment ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors

Authors reviewed 9 cases of intracranial extrapineal germ cell tumor. 8 cases were diagnosed pathologically and 1 case clinically. The location and incidence of the tumor, age and sex distributions, clinical characteristics, tumor markers in serum and CSF, and results of treatment were analyzed. The results are as follow : 1) Of 9 intracranial-extrapineal germ cell tumors, 7 cases were germinoma. 2) Frequent sites of involvement were suprasellar area and basal ganglia. 3) 8 of 9 cases were developed under the age of 20 and there was no significant sexual preponderance. 4) Clinical presentation was closely related to the location of the tumor. 5) The determination of serum HCG and AFP level was valuable in differential diagnosis of germ cell tumors. 6) Results of radiation therapy were excellent in pure germinoma, but poor in choriocarcinoma. 7) In cases of pathologically-diagnosed germinoma with elevated tumor markers, radiation therapy was not effective. And these were considered to be mixed derm cell tumors.
Basal Ganglia ; Choriocarcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Germ Cells* ; Germinoma ; Incidence ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Sex Distribution ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Diagnosis of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually difficult because many ovarian neoplasms have similar clinical and radiologic manifestations. We reviewed retrospectively 12 cases of ovarian malignant germ cell tumor and evaluated with respect to size, mass characteristics on computed tomography for differential diagnosis. Endodermal sinus tumors were mainly cystic mass with some solid component and septations. Immature teratomas showed typical manifestations, such as fatty tissue, calcifications, cysts, and irregular shaped soft tissue densities. Dysgerminoma was mainly solid mass without cystic component, and mixed germ cell tumor showed nonspecific manifestations. All cases were relatively large in size, and young in age. In conclusion, CT findings of malignant germ cell tumors are helpful in differential disgnosis.
Adipose Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysgerminoma ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma