OBJECTIVETo observe the pharmacodynamic and side effects of Wulong Kangai, a new drug of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, on 4 strains of mice transplantable tumors.

METHODMice transplantable tumors S180, H22, P388 and Lewis were used in the pharmacodynamic test on the granules of Wulong Kangai. The test on each tumor strain was repeated three times. In each test, 50 mice were used and divided into 5 groups. They were negative control group treated by physiological saline, cyclophosphamide control group and 3 test groups treated respectively with Wulong Kangai at deferent dosages of 10, 25, 40 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) in the treatment of Lewis and P388 and 15, 30, 50 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) in the treatment of S180 and H22.

RESULTThe tumor weight were inhibited at the rates of 90.1%, 30.8%, 49.8% and 52. 3% in the mice with tumors of Lewis, P388, S180, and H22 by high dosage of Wulong Kangai as compared with negative control group. The inhibitory rates in cyclophosphamide groups were 90.6%, 77.2%, 79.6% and 60.3% respectively. The mice body weights grew slower in high dose groups treated by Wulong Kangai granule.

CONCLUSIONWulong Kangai was effective in treating mice transplantable tumors of Lewis, P388, S180 and H22 with a dose-dependent manner. The Lewis was the most sensitive strain to the drug among the 4 kinds of tested tumors. Side effects appeared during 9-11 days of uninterrupted treatment with high dose Wulong Kangai.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Arthropods ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Female ; Leukemia P388 ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the histopathological effect of hepatic arterial infusion of lipiodol on transplanted hepatoma in rats.

METHODSFourty-one rats bearing Walker-256 transplanted hepatoma were randomly divided into embolization group (n = 35, divided in 5 subgroups, with 7 rats in each) and control group (n = 6). Lipiodol (0.5 ml/kg)emulsified with 0.2 - 0.3 ml of 76% urografin (v:v = 1:1) was infused via gastroduodenal artery into hepatic artery in embolization group. Rats in the control group were given via the same route urografin only. Histopathological changes of the treated tumors were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTSIn the control rats treated with urografin alone, the average tumor size increased 2.8 fold on day 3, while that in the lipiodol treated rats increased 1.7 fold (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, on day 3, 5, 10 after embolization treatment, tumor necrosis was more extensive (P < 0.01). In one of the treated rats, the tumor was completely necrotic on day 10. Inflammatory reaction was marked in the early post-embolic period, but it was replaced by fibrous tissue encapsulation. From day 1 on, in 17 of the 18 treated rats, apoptotic cells, identified by typical morphology under light and electronic microscopes, were observed, mainly in the tumor periphery.

CONCLUSIONIn addition to cellular necrosis, apoptosis may be another important mechanism leading to cell death in hepatoma treated with transarterial embolization.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma 256, Walker ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Camptothecin/*pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*immunology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Sarcoma, Experimental/*immunology ; Transplantation, Isogeneic

Animals ; Camptothecin ; pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Sarcoma, Experimental ; immunology ; Transplantation, Isogeneic

OBJECTIVETo study the anticancer activity of the extract from Citrus reticulata in vivo.

METHODAnticancer activities were tested with tumor model in vivo (Sarcoma-180 cells, Heps cells, EAC cells implanted in mice).

RESULTThe extract from Citrus reticulata showed marked anticancer activities on Sarcoma-180 cells and Heps cells implanted in mice, had no marked anticancer activities on EAC cells implanted in mice and induced apoptosis of Sarcoma-180 cell.

CONCLUSIONThe extract from Citrus reticulata will have promising prospects as an anticancer Chinese medicine, but further studies will be needed.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; drug therapy ; pathology

Mouse hepatoma H22 cells and sarcoma cells (H22 and S180) were infected with EGFP-N1 by electroblot, and the acquired gfp-H22 and gfp-S180 cells expressing strong green fluorescence protein (GFP) fluorescence were supplemented with medium G418 Sigma (800 mg/ml). Meanwhile, the models bearing cancer (gfp H22 and gfp S180) subcutaneously and with abdominal cavity were established. There were no statistically significant differences by comparison on the cell phenotype, ultramicrostructure, growth curve and bearing cancer time between the H22 cells and S180 cells (P>0.05). The GFP fluorescence was detected with whole body GFP imaging system in vivo and with fluorescence microscope. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo assay, it was shown that, by application of fluorescence technology, the GFP-expressing H22 cells and S180 cells could be used in further studies on the tumor biological behavior.
Animals ; Electroporation ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Sarcoma 180 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Targeted therapies may revolutionize melanoma treatment by providing less toxic and more effective strategies. However, maximizing effectiveness requires further understanding of the molecular alterations that drive tumor formation, progression, and maintenance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of resistance. Several different genetic alterations identified in human melanoma have been recapitulated in mice. This review outlines recent progress made in the development of mouse models of melanoma and summarizes what these findings reveal about the human disease. We begin with a discussion of traditional models and conclude with the recently developed RCAS/TVA somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Avian Leukosis Virus ; genetics ; Avian Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; metabolism ; Melanoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; Transgenes

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of regulatory T-lymphocytes in the splenocytes cocultured with syngeneic low-immunogenic tumor cells, as compared with that of highly-immunogenic tumor cells, to investigate the mechanism underlining tumor evasion.

METHODSThree different immunogenic tumor cells were cocultured with syngeneic splenocytes individually to mimic cancer immunity in vitro. The proliferation response of splenocytes was measured by thymidine incorporation. The distribution of TR cells, CD4(+) IFN-gamma (+) T cells and CD4(+) IL-10(+) T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in supernatants was measured by ELISA assay.

RESULTSThe stimulation Index of splenocytes cocultured with syngeneic highly-immunogenic H22 or FBL3 was much higher than that of poorly immunogenic melanoma D5. In each group, stimulation Index of splenocytes cocultured with allogeneic tumor cells was higher than that of the corresponding tumor immunity model. In addition, compared with those of highly-immunogenic tumors, there were more TR, CD4(+)IL-10(+) and less CD4 (+)IFN-gamma(+) T cells in the splenocytes, and higher IL-10 and lower IFN-gamma levels in the supernatant of the splenocytes stimulated with low-immunogenic D5 cells.

CONCLUSIONPoorly-immunogenic tumor cells can induce the proliferation of TR cells, which may play an important role in tumor evasion.

Animals ; CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Leukemia, Experimental ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-tumor activity of the ethanol extracts of Solanun lyratum in vitro and in vivo.

METHODIn vitro, the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of S. lyratum on proliferation of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cell and gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell were measured by MTT colorimetric assay. The mouse tumor model was used to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts on tumor growth.

RESULTThe studies demonstrated that ethanol extracts of S. lyratum inhibited proliferation of BEL-7402 cells and SGC-7901 cells, and the IC50 values on them were (287.40 +/- 5.84) micron x mL(-1) and (176.14 +/- 5.18) microg x mL(-1), respectively. The tumor inhibitory rate of high doses of ethanol extracts on S180 sarcoma-transplanted mice and H22 hepatic cancer were (41.15 +/- 4.54) % and (45.00 +/- 7.37) %, respectively. When the dose of ethanol extracts varied from low to high, it was able to inhibit the growth of S180 sarcoma-transplanted mice and H22 hepatic cancer in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONIn tumor inhibitory test, it was shown that the ethanol extracts of S. lyratum may possess significantly inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo. No acute toxic effect was found in our experiment.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the antitumor effects of total-flavonoid from S. chamaejasmel.

METHODThe in vitro antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer SGC-7901, hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 and leukemia HL-60, were determined by a MTT and clone formation assay. The in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated by the antitumor bioassay against transplanted mouse solid tumor S180 and H22.

RESULTThe total-flavonoid inhibited cell proliferation of human tumor cell lines, and its activities are higher than that of vincristine. The total-flavonoid also showed a lower acute toxicity and the strong antitumor activity against transplanted mouse solid tumor S180 and H22 in vivo showing a positive correlation with the concentration. The inhibitory rates at the dose of 0.10 g x kg(-1) ip against S180 and H22 are 45.64% and 47.59%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe total-flavonoid from S. chamaejasme has antitumor activities in vivo and in vitro.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry