Neuroendocrine tumors are a type of heterogeneous tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells derived from the neural crest，which can secrete a variety of amines and peptide hormones.Based on different molecular biomarkers，histologic types and differentiation degrees，individualized nuclear imaging can provide information for the early diagnosis，clinical staging，treatment guidance，and detection of the recurrence and metastasis of neuroendocrine tumor. In this paper，we review the development and application of nuclear medicine molecular imaging probes such as glucose analogs，somatostatin analogues，amine precursors，hormone analogs and enzyme inhibitors in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Molecular Probes ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnostic imaging* ; Radionuclide Imaging

No abstract availble.
Aged ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/radiography/*radionuclide imaging/*secondary ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*radionuclide imaging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology/*radionuclide imaging ; Sigmoidoscopes

OBJECTIVETo explore and evaluate the effect of radio frequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of hepatic VX(2) tumor in rabbits.

METHODSThe hepatoma was treated with RFA in rabbits. The complete necrotic rate of the tumors, pathological changes, CT images and the animals' survival time were observed.

RESULTS(1) ALT in serum increased significantly on the first day and decreased to the control level during 4th-7th day following RFA. (2) On the second week, CT scans showed that complete necrotic foci became larger, and the density of which was asymmetrical. Enhanced CT scans showed no obvious intensification inside; however, ringed intensification appeared along edges of the foci. Biopsy showed that the dark necrotic tissue was surrounded by ringed granulation tissue. Incomplete necrotic tumor foci resembled the complete necrotic foci in no enhanced CT images; however, asymmetrical intensification was observed in enhanced CT scans in the incomplete necrotic foci. Macroscopic observation showed irregular tumor tissue between the necrotic tissue and the peripheral normal tissue. Biopsy showed tumor recurrence in it. (3) Compared with the control, survival time of the animals was longer, and metastases rate in lungs and the fatality rate were lower in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONSRFA, with little injury, is an effective method in the treatment of hepatoma. Enhanced CT scans are consistent with pathological morphometrics of the tumor foci after RFA. The enhanced CT scan is a valuable check-up, which could be used to observe the therapeutic effect after RFA.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Catheter Ablation ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Rabbits ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow/*pathology/radiography/radionuclide imaging ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/*diagnosis ; Eye Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus/*pathology/radiography/radionuclide imaging ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/*diagnosis ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study assessed the feasibility of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) in the post-therapy surveillance for patients with endometrial cancer showing no evidence of disease (NED). From April 1997 to June 2007, 127 patients with endometrial cancer showing NED were performed 18F-FDG PET scan. The feasibility of 18F-FDG PET for the early detection of recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer was evaluated retrospectively. Of the 127 patients, 32 patients showed positive lesions on 18F-FDG PET scan. Nineteen (19/127 cases, 15%) of them were confirmed to have a recurrence clinically or histologically. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of 18F-FDG PET for detecting recurrences in patients with endometrial cancer were 100%, 88%, 59% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, 18F-FDG PET may be a useful method for the post-therapy surveillance in patients with endometrial cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Endometrial Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*radionuclide imaging ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis/pathology/*radionuclide imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of CT and positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of recurrent uterine cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging findings of CT and PET in 36 patients (mean age, 53 years) in whom recurrent uterine cervical cancer was suspected were analyzed retrospectively. Between October 1997 and May 1998, they had undergone surgery and/or radiation therapy. Tumor recurrence was confirmed by pathologic examination or follow-up studies. RESULTS: In detecting recurrent uterine cervical cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT were 77.8%, 83.3%, and 80.5%, respectively, while for PET, the corresponding figures were 100%, 94.4%, and 97.2%. The Chisquare test revealed no significant difference in specificity (p = .2888), but significant differences in sensitivity (p = .0339) and accuracy (p = .0244). CONCLUSION: PET proved to be a reliable screening method for detecting recurrent uterine cervical cancer, but to determine the anatomical localization of recurrent tumors, and thus decide an adequate treatment plan, CT was eventually needed.
Adult ; Cervix Neoplasms/*radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Comparative Study ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fludeoxyglucose F 18/diagnostic use ; Human ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prognostic value of intratumoral [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake heterogeneity (IFH) derived from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: Patients with uterine cervical cancer of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage IB to IIA were imaged with [18F]FDG PET/CT before radical surgery. PET/CT parameters such as maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUV(max) and SUV(avg)), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and IFH were assessed. Regression analyses were used to identify clinicopathological and imaging variables associated with progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 85 eligible patients. Median PFS was 32 months (range, 6 to 83 months), with recurrence observed in 14 patients (16.5%). IFH at an SUV of 2.0 was correlated with primary tumor size (p<0.001), SUV(tumor) (p<0.001), MTV(tumor) (p<0.001), TLG(tumor) (p<0.001), depth of cervical invasion (p<0.001), and negatively correlated with age (p=0.036). Tumor recurrence was significantly associated with TLG(tumor) (p<0.001), MTV(tumor) (p=0.001), SUV(LN) (p=0.004), IFH (p=0.005), SUV(tumor) (p=0.015), and FIGO stage (p=0.015). Multivariate analysis identified that IFH (p=0.028; hazard ratio, 756.997; 95% CI, 2.047 to 279,923.191) was the only independent risk factor for recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier survival graphs showed that PFS significantly differed in groups categorized based on IFH (p=0.013, log-rank test). CONCLUSION: Preoperative IFH was significantly associated with cervical cancer recurrence. [18F]FDG based heterogeneity may be a useful and potential predicator of patient recurrence before treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging/secondary ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*pharmacokinetics ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*pharmacokinetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tumor Burden ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/*radionuclide imaging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) for detecting the recurrence of gastric cancer. We performed a retrospective review of 139 consecutive patients who underwent PET/CT and contrast-enhanced abdominal CT (CECT) for surveillance of gastric cancer after curative resection. Recurrence of gastric cancer was validated by histopathologic examination for local recurrence or serial imaging study follow-up with at least 1 yr interval for recurrence of distant metastasis form. Twenty-eight patients (20.1%) were confirmed as recurrence. On the patient based analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT (53.6%, 84.7%, and 78.4%, respectively) and those of CECT (64.3%, 86.5%, and 82.0%, respectively) for detecting tumor recurrence except in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Among 36 recurrent lesions, 8 lesions (22.2%) were detected only on PET/CT, and 10 lesions (27.8%) only on CECT. PET/CT had detected secondary malignancy in 8 patients. PET/CT is as accurate as CECT in detection of gastric cancer recurrence after curative resection, excepting detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Moreover, additional PET/CT on CECT could improve detection rate of tumor recurrence and provide other critical information such as unexpected secondary malignancy.
Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis/radiography/radionuclide imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) has been receiving increasing attention during the recent years for making the diagnosis, for determining the staging and for the follow-up of various malignancies. The PET/CT findings of 58 breast cancer patients (age range: 34-79 years old, mean age: 50 years) were retrospectively compared with the PET or CT scans alone. PET/CT was found to be better than PET or CT alone for detecting small tumors or multiple metastases, for accurately localizing lymph node metastasis and for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/secondary ; Breast/pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/*diagnosis/pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mammography/methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVEto study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS).

METHODSnine cases of LGCOS were retrieved from the archival consultation files. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features were analyzed, with literature review.

RESULTSthe mean age of the patients was 31 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3:6. All of the patients presented with painful mass and/or swelling. The sites of involvement included thigh (n = 4), tibia (n = 1), fibula (n = 1), cervical vertebra (n = 1), lumbar vertebra (n = 1) and maxilla (n = 1). Radiologic examination showed mixed lytic/blastic lesions with soft tissue shadow in 5 cases and associated periosteal reaction in 3 cases. The tumors were treated by surgical excision, with no adjuvant therapy given. The duration of follow up ranged from 2 to 43 months. Four cases had recurrence which occurred at 8 to 25 months after the operation. Gross examination showed that the tumors were fragmented on submission in 5 cases and en bloc in 4 cases. They had solid and firm cut surface, with various degree of grittiness. Histologically, LGCOS was characterized by the presence of hypocellular fibroblastic stroma associated with focal osteoid production. The spindly tumor cells showed mild degree of nuclear pleomorphism, with occasional mitotic figures demonstrated in all of the 9 cases. The newly formed neoplastic woven bone did not have any osteoblastic rimming. The bony trabeculae were slender and seam-like. Parallel arrays of woven bone were seen in 6 cases. Some of the bony trabeculae appeared irregularly branched and curved. The tumor cells permeated adjoining pre-existing bony trabeculae and bone marrow in all cases. Three cases also showed soft tissue involvement.

CONCLUSIONSLGCOS often posses important diagnostic pitfalls due to the relatively bland-looking tumor cell morphology and associated large woven or longitudinal seams of lamellar-like bone. Thorough understanding of the histologic features, when coupled with clinical and radiologic findings, are essential in arriving at a correct diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; pathology ; Fibula ; diagnostic imaging ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Osteosarcoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Reoperation ; Thigh ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Young Adult