Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present significant efficacy in the treatment of malignant tumors, and they have been approved as the first-line of treatment for various cancers. Pembrolizumab monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy has been recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines for the first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Although ICIs represent a milestone in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, potential problems still need to be addressed, such as the selection of the efficacy predictors for ICIs, the evaluation of the tumor response to ICIs, and the treatment of immune hyperprogression and immune-related adverse events. Therefore, to form a relatively unified understanding of ICIs treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we integrated the clinical experience of multi-disciplinary experts of head and neck cancers on the basis of current clinical hot issues and finally developed this consensus.
Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/drug therapy* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Consensus ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy*

PURPOSE: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) shows no difference in survival rates compared with total mastectomy. So, BCS is considered standard breast surgery with modified radical mastectomy. But in patients who received BCS, there is a risk of local recurrence in their long term follow up periods. Especially, BCS of young age is controversial regarding oncologic safety because of local recurrence. In this study, we struggle to confirm the oncologic safety of BCS compared with total mastectomy under the age of 35 in South Korea.METHODS: All patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer were 5,366 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, from January 1981 to April 2008. Of them, patients younger than 35 years old were 547. We excluded patients who received chemotherapy before surgery and included only stage 1 and 2 patients who identified through the pathology after surgery. Finally, we got 367 patients; total mastectomy was performed in 245 and BCS, in 122. We compared clinicopathological characteristics and oncologic outcomes between two groups using SPSS program.RESULTS: In patients received BCS, a local recurrence rate was 7.7% at 5 years and up to 20.3% at 10 years. In patients received total mastectomy, a local recurrence rate was 1.9% over 10 years (P<0.001). However, there was no difference in 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates between two groups (P=0.689). Adjuvant chemotherapy decreased local recurrence rate in BCS patients (P=0.019).CONCLUSION: So, we concluded that BCS under the age of 35 has oncologic safety with undergoing chemotherapy.
Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

UNLABELLED: AbstractObjective: To explore the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral blood monocyte subgroups in patients with diffuse large Bcell lymphoma(DLBCL). METHODS: The percentage of peripheral blood monocyte subsets of 82 DLBCL patients (including 32 newly diagnosis, 29 remission and 21 relapse) and 30 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry, and the correlation with the clinical characteristics and its diagnostic value of DLBCL were analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of intermediate monocytes in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL group was higher than that in healthy controls (t=5.888, P<0.01). The proportion in relapsed group was higher than those in newly diagnosed DLBCL group（t=2.106，P=0.04） and remission group （t=6.882， P＜0.01）, and the proportion of intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed DLBCL group was higher than that in Remission group (t=3.969, P<0.01). With the increase of International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, the percentage of intermediate monocytes in patients with DLBCL increased (r=0.37). Furthermore, when the proportion of intermediate monocytes was 10.91% as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity of the whole sample were 90.60% and 9100%, respectively. CONCLUSION The disease progression is related to the increased intermediate monocytes, which can be used as a potential diagnostic index for DLBCL.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Monocytes/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Head and neck metastasis from glioblastoma is rare event usually seen in patients with previous and repeated surgery. We present the case of a 35 yr-old-female suffering from metastatic glioblastoma in cervical lymph node that was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. During the last 4 yr, she had four separate craniotomies for the recurrent brain tumors. Cytological diagnosis was made by light microscopy with immunostaining with glial fibrillay acid protein. Chemotherapy with vincristine and procarbazine was performed. The cervical masses were decreased in size and some disappeared while the intracranial glioblastoma continued to grow during chemotherapy. We discuss possible explanations for these different courses after chemotherapy in extraneural metastatic glioblastoma and primary intracranial glioblastoma.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*surgery ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/*pathology/*secondary ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy/pathology/surgery

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma, Villous ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery

In this study, in vitro chemosensitivity testing was conducted on primary cultured breast cancer cells from 96 patients with breast cancer, and the results showed that the cells from a few patients with primary breast cancer developed multidrug resistance (MDR) prior to the first chemotherapy exposure. All the cells from the recurrent cancer patients had MDR. The findings suggested that patients having MDR would benefit from high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) regimens. In vitro chemosensitivity screening, which was aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects, helps in choosing individualized treatment for breast cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/*methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

BACKGROUND: Irinotecan, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and a high dose of leucovorin (LV), known as FOLFIRI regimen, has shown activity in recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of irinotecan, 5-FU and a low dose of LV (modified FOLFIRI) as a first line of therapy for patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between January 2002 and October 2004, 44 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled. The chemotherapy regimen schedule consisted of 180 mg/m2 of irinotecan being administered intravenously (i.v) on Day 1, 400 mg/m2 of 5-FU via i.v bolus with 600 mg/m2 of continuous infusion for 22 hrs on both Day 1 and 2, and 20 mg/m2 of leucovorin on both Day 1 and 2, repeated every two weeks. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 47.8%. Of the 40 evaluated patients, one had CR (2.3%) and 20 had PR (46.5%). Toxicities were mild and easily manageable. Three patients experienced 23 episodes of Grade 3/4 leukopenia., Only one patient developed Grade 3/4 diarrhea. None experienced Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION: Modified FOLFIRI with a low dose of LV is an effective and tolerable regimen for patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer.
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Leucovorin/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Fluorouracil/administration & dosage ; Female ; Disease Progression ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology ; Camptothecin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage ; Aged ; Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience using radical cystectomy to treat patients with bladder cancer and to describe the associations between pathologic features and clinical outcomes. All 701 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were evaluated. The patient population consisted of 623 men and 78 women. The overall 5 and 10 yr recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 61.8% and 57.7%, respectively, and the 5 and 10 yr cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 70.8% and 65.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that factors significantly predictive of RFS and CSS included extravesical extension (P = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007). The 5 and 10 yr RFS rates for patients with lymph node metastasis were 25.6% and 20.8%, respectively, and the 5 and 10 yr CSS rates were 38.6% and 30.9%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved RFS (P = 0.002) and CSS (P = 0.001) in patients with lymph node metastasis. Radical cystectomy provides good survival results in patients with invasive bladder cancer. Pathologic features significantly associated with prognosis include extravesical extension, node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with advanced stage disease.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *Cystectomy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder/pathology/*surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/*surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histological criteria of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-four cases of breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy were collected from June, 2005 to June, 2007 and the clinical data were analyzed. All patients were operated on within 4 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. All specimens were assessed by the standard method of Miller and Payne (MP) grading system. The response to neoadjuvant therapy were assessed by two pathologists independently, using MP grading system and common grading system separately.

RESULTSThe response rate using the MP grading system were grade 1 in 12 cases (7.8%), grade 2 in 33 cases (21.4%), grade 3 in 64 cases (41.6%), grade 4 in 31 cases (20.1%) and grade 5 in 14 cases (9.1%). Using the common grading system, the response were mild in 51 cases (33.1%), moderate in 71 cases (46.1%) and severe in 32 cases (20.8%). MP grading system may be related to common grading system (chi2 = 186.660, P < 0.01). Follow up information were available in 147 cases, with 14 cases showing recurrence, metastasis or death from the disease. The MP grading system may be related to the outcome (chi2 = 11.612, P = 0.020), but not the common grading system (chi2 = 0.881, P = 0.644).

CONCLUSIONMP grading system may be one of the prognostic factors in the neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer.

Biopsy, Needle ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Preoperative Period