Cerebral metastses secondary to primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma are unusual. The incidence was estimated under 1%, but some authors reported higher incidence than previously reported data. Recently, we experienced a case of cerebral metastasis secondary to primary epithelial ovarian cancer. We present this case with review of brief related literatures.
Drug Therapy* ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms

Major progress in the management of osteosarcoma has been made due to advances in diagnostic imaging, operative technique, and chemotherapy, resulting in an improved survival. However, 20~30% of patients with osteosarcoma still develop distant metastases despite combined modality treatment. Currently various experimental efforts are being proposed to the future new strategy include drug resistance, suppression of metastasis mechanism, and targeted therapy to convert the incurable rate of 20~30% upto complete cure rate.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma*

Leptomeningeal metastsis (LM) is a disease where the tumor cells involves the leptomeninges. Breast cancer, of all solid tumors, is the primary tumor most frequently associated with leptomeningeal metastasis. Leptomeningeal metastasis originating from breast cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage, so its evaluation and aggressive treatment are difficult. Leptomeningeal metastasis, from solid tumors, has been reported to inexorably lead to death within 4 to 6 weeks if left untreated. Intrathecal or Intraventricular chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment. Even though controversial, systemic chemotherapy, with regional radiotherapy, can also improve the neurological outcome and survival, without neurotoxicity. Here, two patients with leptomeningeal metastasis, originating from breast cancer, their clinical course and treatment modalities are reported.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Radiotherapy

Pulmonary metastasis occurs frequently in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and most of these patients achieve remission with chemotherapy alone. Thus, the indications for surgical intervention are limited, but in appropriately selected patients, resection of a chemotherapy-resistant lung lesion can be curative. We have experienced that pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma in a drug-resistant patient was cured by pulmonary resection. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy

Invasion and metastasis are the basic characteristic of malignant tumor. It is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Preventing and suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis is a key pathway to decrease the mortality of malignant tumor. Since the limitations and the toxicity of chemotherapy, it was more and more attended to looking for safer and more effective agents from the Chinese herbal medicine to prevent and suppress metastasis. There are certain advantages in Chinese herbal medicine to suppressing tumor metastasis. The recent researches suggested new results that the Chinese herbal medicines treat tumor metastasis. This review summarized the research results in recent years and provides a reference for the further research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; drug therapy

Cancer metastasis is the most dangerous stage of tumorigenesis and evolution, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. Clinically, more than 60% of cancer patients have found metastasis at the time of examination. Modern medicine has made significant progress on the mechanisms of cancer metastasis in recent years, from the simple "anatomy and machinery" theory forward to the "seed and soil" theory, then to the "microenvironmental" theory and the "cancer stem cell" theory. The emerging "cancer stem cell" theory successfully explains phenomenon such as tumor genetic heterogeneity, anoikis resistance, tumor dormancy, providing more new targets and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer metastasis.
Animals ; Humans ; Medicine ; methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

The management of advanced prostate cancer has evolved rapidly. Androgen deprivation therapy, through surgical or medical castration, is the cornerstone of first-line therapy for hormone-naive metastatic prostate cancer. Recently reported results of clinical trials have given answers to questions regarding the best therapeutic agents and strategies, and these have broadened the scope of evidence-based therapy in this field. Although hormone therapy is very effective, the majority of patients eventually develop resistance to hormonal manipulation, leading to so-called castration-resistant prostate cancer. For castration-resistant prostate cancer, docetaxel-based chemotherapy had been the only approved agent to show a survival benefit for several years. However, over the last five years, significant advances in the field have led to the approval of several new agents with different mechanisms of action, such as the new androgen pathway inhibitors abiraterone and enzalutamide, a new cytotoxic agent, cabazitaxel, and new bone-seeking agents such as radium-223, which have all been associated with improved quality of life and pain palliation and an increase in survival. Herein, recent developments in hormone therapy and chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer are reviewed and some of the trials with important results are summarized. As treatment options have expanded and developed rapidly, the selection of the most appropriate agent and administration method through multidisciplinary management is much more important than simply giving newly approved agents to maximize the clinical outcome for patients with advanced, especially castration-resistant, prostate cancer.
Castration ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Quality of Life

Positron emission tomography(PET) is an imaging technique that produces images reflective of tissue biochemistry rather anatomy. The great versatility of PET and its potential of direct noninvasive study of tumor function will make it a very important clinical and research tool in oncology. Recently, whole body PET techniques have been developed which permit imaging of the entire body during a single scanning session promising both in determining the nature of a localized lesion and in defining the systemic extent of malignant disease. FDG-PET scan seems valuable in evaluating patients with GTT resistant to chemotherapy with persistent elevation of beta-hCG levels and localizing the site of a viable tumor. We present three cases of FDG-PET scan in patients with metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor with a brief review of literatures.
Biochemistry ; Drug Therapy ; Electrons ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms* ; Trophoblasts*

Systemic chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer. The combination of fluoropyrimidine and platinum is the most widely used first-line treatment worldwide. In patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer, the combination of trastuzumab (an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) and chemotherapy is the standard-of-care. Second-line chemotherapy can also prolong patients' survival after progression; treatment options include cytotoxic chemotherapy (paclitaxel, docetaxel or irinotecan) and/or ramucirumab (an anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody). A number of new targeted-agents are currently being studied, and more personalized approaches will be realized in the near future.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Platinum ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Trastuzumab

Systemic chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer. The combination of fluoropyrimidine and platinum is the most widely used first-line treatment worldwide. In patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer, the combination of trastuzumab (an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) and chemotherapy is the standard-of-care. Second-line chemotherapy can also prolong patients' survival after progression; treatment options include cytotoxic chemotherapy (paclitaxel, docetaxel or irinotecan) and/or ramucirumab (an anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody). A number of new targeted-agents are currently being studied, and more personalized approaches will be realized in the near future.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Platinum ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Trastuzumab