Seventy five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, invasion depth of which was less than 5 mm from the basement membrane, were reviewed during a period of 9 years from 1975 to 1983 at SNUH and investigated clinicopathologically by the following items; 1) lymphnode metastasis 2) vascular invasion 3) recurrence 4) pattern of invasion 5) cell type. Following results were obtained. 1) Lmyphnode metastasis was demonstrated in 4 out of 75 cases (5.3%). One of them had stromal invasion to 1.3 mm and the other three to a depth of 3.1 to 5.0 mm. 2) Vascular invasion was seen in 5 among the cases (6.7%) and well related to the depth of invasion. Vascular invasion did not occur in tumors with 3 mm depth of stromal invasion. 3) Three patients were with recurrence, treated by postoperative radiation. The depth of stromal invasion was over 2 mm in all of them. 4) The pattern of invasion was confluent in 26 out of 28 cases (92%) whose stromal invasion were over 2 mm depth, while only 3 confluency of 27 cases (11%) invaded less than 1 mm depth. 5) There was no good relationship between the tumor cell type and the depth of stromal invasion. Based on the above results, it is concluded that diagnostic criteria of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is stromal invasion not exceeding a depth of 3 mm from basement membrane of surface or glandular epithelium.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis*

To evaluate correlation between the amount of oncogene products in tumor cell extracts and malignant potentiality in breast tumor, immunohistochemical staining for the ras Oncogene products was performed in the sections of benign and malignant lesions of the breast. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The positive reaction to ras Oncogene products was usually observed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. 2) The ratio of positive reaction was 30.4% in epithelial hyperplasia of fibrocystic disease, 26.5% in fibroadenoma. 49.5% in intraductal carcinoma 71.6% in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 85.2% in metastatic infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and 89.7% in relatively preserved neighboring lobules of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. In conclusion, the ras oncogene products are found by a significantly higher ratio in the more aggressive lesions, and the infiltrating ductal carcinoma might represent its potential of malignant transformation. 3) The expression of ras oncogene was heterogeneous in primary as well as metastatic mammary carcinomas.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review our experience with laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LACs), and to evaluate its feasibility and safety for surgical treatment of colorectal diseases, including cancer. Methods: Between September 2002 and September 2005, a LAC was performed in 58 patients. Of these, 6 cases of conversion to open colectomy were excluded from the analysis. Fifty conventional open colectomy (OCs) with clinicopathologic characteristics comparable to those of the LACs were selected and matched as a control group for comparative analysis regarding short-term oncologic and perioperative outcomes. The mean follow-up period was 13.8 (2~37) months. Results: Thirteen complications, involving 11 patients, occurred. The mean operative time of the LAC was longer than that of the OC (215 min vs. 179 min; P<0.0001). However, earlier restoration of bowel function was achieved in the LAC as measured by postoperative first flatus (2.8 days vs. 3.8 days) and intake of a clear liquid diet (4.7 days vs. 5.8 days). There was no significant difference in hospital stay (LAC vs. OC, 10.2 days vs. 11.8 days). In patients with malignancy, the proximal resection margin in the LAC was significantly shorter than that in the OC (9.2 cm vs. 13.3 cm; P<0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in the mean numbers of harvested lymph nodes (LAC vs. OC, 16.6 vs. 19.3; P=0.4330) and the mean distal resection margins (LAC vs. OC, 6.9 cm vs. 6.0 cm; P=0.1359). There were 3 distant metastases and one local recurrence during follow-up in the LAC group, but no port-site recurrence. Conclusions: In this study, we could not receive an advantage of shorter hospital stay due to the relatively high complication rate for a LAC, which may reflect a learning curve. Earlier postoperative recovery of bowel function and equal pathologic extent of resection in the LAC suggest that the LAC is an acceptable alternative procedure in the treatment of colorectal diseases, including malignancy. More experience with the LAC is necessary to overcome the learning curve. Affirmative long-term oncologic outcomes of are expected for the LAC.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Primary meningeal melanocytoma of the central nervous system is extremely rare. We report a case of meningeal melanocytoma associated with Ota's nevus as a recurrent form in a 53-year old male. The meningeal melanocytoma was removed from right parietooccipital lobe 4 years ago and recurred in right parietal, occipital and left frontal lobes. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by the presence of numerous melanosomes and premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. Moreover, the tumor was lacking in histologic and ultrastructural features of pigmented meningioma, melanotic schwannoma and prolonged clinical course was different from primary meningeal melanoma or metastatic malignant melanoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Synovial sarcoma is one of the most common malignant soft tissue tumors in paraarticular regions. However, it is very rare to occur without any apparent relationship to synovial or articular structures. We report a case of synovial sarcoma manifested as a subcutaneous nodule in the upper lip. A 12-year-old boy complained of a palpable tender mass in the upper lip for several months. Under the impression of a benign soft tissue neoplasm, surgical excision was done. The mass, 1.5 cm in maximum diameter, was easily separated from surrounding tissues. Microscopically, this tumor showed a characteristic biphasic pattern of synovial sarcoma. On immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies, the tumor cells showed evidence of epithelial differentiation. There was no evidence of joint-related, primary lesions or metastatic foci. This report describes a case of synovial sarcoma arising in very unusual location and size for histologically typical synovial sarcoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis

It is important to predict the prognosis of patient with cancer. Well known parameters predicting the prognosis are staged and degree of differentiation. Recently, the prognostic and diagnostic significance of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions(Ag-NORs) and flow cytometric DNA analysis are introduced. This study aims to detect the diagnostic significance of Ag-NORs in breast lesions, and to correlate the number of Ag-NORs and cellular ploidies in breast carcinoma. In addition, the existence of heterogeneity according to the sample in the same patient is studied Sixty six paraffin blocks(two primary lesions and the two metastatic lymph nodes in 13 patients, and one primary lesion and one metastatic lymph node I 10 patients) of breast carcinoma, 30 paraffin blocks of fibroadenoma and 23 paraffin blocks of normal breast are studied. The numbe of Ag-NORs increase from normal breast(mean 1.45) through fibroadenoma(mean 1.60) to carcinoma(mean 2.43). It was significantly different between each lsions(P<0.0005). The number of Ag-NORs increased in the aneuploidy carcinoma than that in the euploidy one(P<0.05). But, there was difference between the number of Ag-NORs and DNA index according to the sample area in the same patient with carcinoma. In conclusion, the number of Ag-NORs is diagnostically significant in breast lesions and is correlated with cellular ploidies in breast carcinoma. In addition, Ag-NORs and cellular ploidies are heterogenous in the same patient.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Tumor angiogenesis(TA) refers to the growth of new vessels toward and within a tumor. TA is necessary both at the beginning and at the end of the metastatic cascade of events. Recently, experimental evidence suggests that the growth of a tumor beyond a certain size requires angiogenesis. To investigate how tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastases in breast carcinoma, the microvessels were counted (per 200 / field) in the most active areas of neovas-cularization by two investigators. The microvessels within breast carcinoma were highlighted by in imunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen. Microvessel count(MVC) in node-positive carcinoma(59.66=35) was significantly higher than in node-negative carcinoma(44.76=17)(p=0.009). MVC was also statistically correlated with tumor size and stage, but not with histologic grading, DNA ploidy, or hormonal receptors(estro-gen and progesterone). MVC in invasive breast carcinoma may be one of many prognostic predictors of node-positive breast carcinoma. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis may therefore be valuable in selecting patients with early breast carcinoma for aggressive therapy.
Neoplasm Metastasis