To investigate the effect of endothelin on intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) mobilization and the existence of the endothelin receptor in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells(BCEC), endothelin-1(ET-1) -induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was measuredby using calcium sensitive indicator, fura-2/AM, and the studies on its desensitizaton and receptor antagonists were also performed. ET-1 increased [Ca(2+)]i in a concentration-dependent manner(10(-9)M-10(-5)M) and ET-1 -unduced [Ca(2+)]i transient increase was significantly ingibited (~50%) by the pretreatment with EGTA for 1 min. Similarly, neomycin also attenuated ET-1 -unduced [Ca(2+)]i transient increase in a concentration-dependent mannet. Desensitizatin study with successive treatment of ET-1 and ET-3, and the experiments of antagonists(BQ-610 for the ET(A) receptor and BQ-788 for the ET(B) receptor) showed the presence of ET(B) receptor in BCEC. In addition, ET-1(10(-6)M) accumulated inositol trisphosphate about two folds (310+/-6.8 cpm) comparing to control(154+/-11.6 cpm) and this accumulation was significantly inhibited by the treatment with neomycin (187+/-28 cpm). These results suggest that endothelin-induced calcium mobilization is receptor-mediated response and TE(B) receptor exists in BCEC.
Calcium* ; Egtazic Acid ; Endothelins ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Inositol ; Neomycin ; Receptors, Endothelin

The RNA genome of poliovirus encodes a long polyprotein precursor and this polyprotein is cleaved proteolytically by viral protease to yield mature proteins. The mature proteins derived from the Pl polyprotein precursor are the component of capsids. To further delineate the process of capsid assembly and encapsidation, in a first attempt, a cell line which expresses the authentic Pl polyprotein was established. CV-1 cells were transfected with the pRCRSVS1P1 plasmid DNA which contains 5'ncr sequences, whole authentic capsid gene of poliovirus and neomycin resistance gene. These cells were treated with G418 for 3 months, and eventually G418 resistant cells were selected and formed colonies. Each colony was picked and grown in the media containing G418. DNA analysis indicated that 1 of 13 neomycin resistant cell lines (R2-18) contains whole poliovirus Pl capsid gene segment which was incorporated into the genome. Immuneprecipitation of cell lysates with sera from rabbit immunized with inactivateded Sabin type 1 particles demonstrated the constitutive expression of the poliovirus Pl capsid protein from R2-18.
Capsid Proteins* ; Capsid* ; Cell Line* ; DNA ; Genome ; Haplorhini* ; Kidney* ; Neomycin ; Plasmids ; Poliovirus* ; RNA

Since the standard recommendation by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group, day 2 and day 4 patch test readings have been performed by most dermatologists. However, nearly half of positive reactions can be observed only either on day 2 or on day 4 and the interpretation of these reactions is a problem. We compared the patch test reaction according to the reading time in 754 patients who had been performed patch test with standard battery and in 367 patients who had been performed patch test with various cosmetic allergens including cosmetics as is. The study result is summoized as follows : 1. Persistent reactions were observed in 59.8% patients tested with standard battery, however transient reactions were observed in 20.8% and delayed reaction in 19.4%. 2. Frequent allergens which showed transient reaction were carba mix, paraben mix, tego, imidazolidinyl urea, in order of frequency. Frequent allergens which showed late reactions were neomycin sulfate, quinidine mix, farmaldehyde, and imidazolidinyl urea. 3. Persistent reactions were observed in 47.1% patients. tested with cosmetics as is, however transient reactions were observed in 29.4% and delayed reactions in 23.5%, Facial skin care products showed the i,.st high positivity. 4. Persistent reactions were observed in 41.0% patients tested with cosmetics ingredients, however transient reactions were observed in 38.7% and delayed reactions in 23.0%. Frequent cosmetic allergens were cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde, ylang ylang oil, sandawood oil, and benzyl salicylate. In conclusion, the reaction pattern in general was similar to the dats of others. However, the individual allergens showed transient reaction were somewhat different. Higher rate of transient reactions were observed in patch test positive reactions with cosmetic ingredients than standard battery and cosmetics as is.
Allergens ; Cananga ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans ; Neomycin ; Patch Tests* ; Quinidine ; Reading ; Skin Care ; Urea

Since the foundation of Korean Contact Dermatitis Resear Group in 1980, many reports related to contact dermatitiis have been published. In this articl, 94 Korean references related to epidemiology and clinical aspect of contact dermatitis which have been published for the past 2 decades were reviewcied apers about medicaments were mos 1 equent(53) and, plants and animals(25), occupation(33), cosmetics(23), metals(19) loere in order of frequency. lhe general incidences of contact dermatitis were 5.3% 13.5% in the general out-patients. The main allergens which showed high positive rates in rovin. patch tests were a little different according to the different authors. In common allergens reckel sulfate and cobalt chloride showed increasing tendencies, while ammoniated mercury, first alldehyde, paraphenylene diamine and rubber chemicals showed decreasing tendendies. Potassiun a chromate, neomycin sulfate, and fragrance related allergens which are also commonly encountred showed variable positive rates according to the different authors. In MOHL indices less occuational and few leg ulcer cases have been observed. Obtaining informations are the key point of publication becteria, there have been more aborted studies which were presented at the annual contact dermatit ymposia in Korea, however not published.
Allergens ; Cobalt ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Leg Ulcer ; Neomycin ; Outpatients ; Patch Tests ; Publications ; Rubber

This study was designed to assess the effects of compound madecassol(madecassic acid with neomycin sulfate and hydrocortisone acetate) on the wound healing. Madecassol is a titrated extract of centella asiatica and the clinical effects of madecassol are stated to the enhancement of wound healing and the prevention and relief of excessive scar formation. Compound madecassol is composed of madecassol and neomycin sulfate and hydrocortisone acetate. Neomycin sulfate has antibiotic effect and hydrocortisone acetate has antiinflammatory and antiallergic effects. So, compound madecassol has a synergistic effect of madecassol as well as neomycin sulfate and hydrocortisone acetate. Using 54 rats, we compared the effect of compound madecassol on wound healing at 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21th postoperative days. This study examined the histologic findings and the gross findings which were wound size, epithelization and quality of granulation tissue. In this study, compound madecassol showed lower degree of inflammatory infiltration, shorter inflammatory phases and less wound contraction. The number of the myofibroblast in the group of compound madecassol were fewer than other groups. Granulation tissue of the compound madecassol was relatively healthier than others. There were no significant difference of re-epithelization between compound madecassol and other groups. In conclusion, compound madecassol can reduce excessive wound contraction and promotes wound healing process.
Animals ; Centella ; Cicatrix ; Granulation Tissue ; Hydrocortisone ; Myofibroblasts ; Neomycin ; Rats ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

It has been reported that kanamycin, a useful agent in the treatment of gram-negative and other infectious disease, has a negative inotropic action in isolated cardiac muscle preparation and also it decreases the amplitude of high K+ -induced action potential of guinea pig atrium. These findings imply that kanamycin has a property of Ca2+ antagonist. In this study, the effects of kanamycin on cardiac Ca2+ current were investigated in isolated rabbit ventricular cells by using a whole cell clamp nethod.The results are summarized as follows ; 1) Kanamycin caused a depression fo cardiac Ca2+ current in a dose dependent manner and its effect was observed in a whole memberane potential renge. 2) The decreasing effect of kanamycin on Ca2+ current was inhibited by high Ca(2+)-Tyrode solution and such inhibition was also observed in high Sr2+-Tyrode solution, but in the case of Cd2+, well known inorganic Ca2+ antagonist, the current through Ca2+ channel was greatly decreased when the perfuaste was changed from high Ca(2+)-Tyrode to high Sr(2+)-Tyrode solution. 3) In the presense of kanamycin, the decreasing pattern of Ca2+current by repetitve depolarization was not specific as in the case of verapamil. 4) Neomycin decreased Ca2+ current similar to kanamycin.From the above result, it may be concluded that kanamycin has competitive antagonistin effect on cardiac Ca2+ current.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium* ; Communicable Diseases ; Depression ; Guinea Pigs ; Kanamycin* ; Muscle Cells* ; Myocardium ; Neomycin ; Verapamil

Adenosine (Ado) is an important mediator of the endogenous defense against ischemia-induced injury in the heart. The action of Ado is mediated by activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels. In turn, GIRK channels are inhibited by reducing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) through Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs). We previously found that GIRK channels activated by acetylcholine, a muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor agonist, are inhibited by GqPCRs in a receptor-specific manner. However, it is not known whether GIRK channels activated by Ado signaling are also regulated by GqPCRs. Presently, this was investigated in mouse atrial myocytes using the patch clamp technique. GIRK channels were activated by 100 micrometer Ado. When Ado was repetitively applied at intervals of 5~6 min, the amplitude of second Ado-activated GIRK currents (I(K(Ado))) was 88.3+/-3.7% of the first I(K(Ado)) in the control. Pretreatment of atrial myocytes with phenylephrine, endothelin-1, or bradykinin prior to a second application of Ado reduced the amplitude of the second I(K(Ado)) to 25.5+/-11.6%, 30.5+/-5.6%, and 96.0+/-2.7%, respectively. The potency of I(K(Ado)) inhibition by GqPCRs was different with that observed in acetylcholine-activated GIRK currents (I(K(ACh))) (endothelin-1>phenylephrine>bradykinin). I(K(Ado)) was almost completely inhibited by 500 micrometer of the PIP2 scavenger neomycin, suggesting low PIP2 affinity of I(K(Ado)). Taken together, these results suggest that the crosstalk between GqPCRs and the Ado-induced signaling pathway is receptor-specific. The differential change in PIP2 affinity of GIRK channels activated by Ado and ACh may underlie, at least in part, their differential responses to GqPCR agonists.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine ; Animals ; Bradykinin ; Carotenoids ; Endothelin-1 ; Heart ; Mice ; Muscle Cells ; Neomycin ; Oxygenases ; Phenylephrine ; Phosphatidylinositols

Objective: To investigate the effect of three preoperative anti-infective regimens on the sterility of anterior-chamber aspirates (ACA) in eyes undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Methods: Ninety eyes scheduled to undergo ECCE were randomly assigned to receive one of the following preoperative anti-infective regimens: Group 1 (Control) - no additional preoperative preparation; Group 2 (Eye drop) - neomycin/ polymixin B/gramicidin eye drops applied 3 times daily for 3 days prior to surgery; and Group 3 (Lid scrub) - neomycin/polymixin B/ bacitracin ointment lid scrub applied 3 times prior to surgery. ACAs were obtained from all eyes at the conclusion of surgery and cultured. The patients were followed up for 3 months after the surgery. Results: Positive cultures developed from ACAs in 5 (16.6 percent) of 30 eyes from Group 1, in 0 of 30 from Group 2, and in 3 (10 percent) of 30 from Group 3. No eye developed endophthalmitis. Compared with the control group, preoperative neomycin/polymixin B/gramicidin eye drops significantly reduced the ACA contamination rate (p= 0.03). Conclusion: Preoperative neomycin/polymixin B/bacitracin eyedrops can improve the sterility of the anterior chamber during ECCE.
Human ; CATARACT ; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS ; ENDOPHTHALMITIS ; NEOMYCIN ; GRAMICIDIN ; BACITRACIN ; CATARACT EXTRACTION ; EYE DISEASES ;

Cambison ophthalmic ointment is an easily available topical medicament in Korea, However, the allergic contact dermatitis lo Cambison ophthalmic ointment has not been reported in Korean dermatology literature. We report, a case of allergic contact dermatitis in a 28-year-old female who suffered from itchy, erythematous patches on both periorbital areas. She wore contact lenses and for the last year, she hac applied Cambison ophthalmic ointment to both periorbital areas. The skin lesions were aggravated gradually. A patch test showed positive reactions to Cambison ophthalmic ointment, neomycin, mercury and thimerosal. We suspect neomycin contained in Cambison ophthalmic ointment to be the etiologic agent. When contact dermatitis occurs on periorbital areas, topical ophthalmic ointment or lens cleaner may be considered as a causative agent.
Adult ; Contact Lenses ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neomycin ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Thimerosal

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis is frequently caused by cosmetics. Detection of causative allergens is important in prevention and treatment of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Patch test has been accepted as the only reliable diagnostic method to detect allergens. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to clarify evoluting trends of positive patch tests and to compare the positive frequencies of various allergens between different time sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed patch test results of the 806 cosmetic contact dermatitis patients, who had visited our clinic from 1982 to 1997. We divided the patients into three groups as follows: I group:1982-1987, II group:1988-1992, III group:1993-1997 and compared the test results. The patch tests were performed with standard batteries, cosmetic-related allergens and the patients's own cosmetics. RESULTS: The results of the studies were summarized as follows; 1. Trends of increasing positivity in cosmetic-induced dermatitis was noted in a chronologic point of view. Among the patients, an increased proportion of males was notable. 2. In age distribution, a decreasing proportion of patients at the third & the fourth decades was observed. Contrary to this, the proportion of patients over the fifth decades was increased. 3. Among standard allergens, nickel sulphate showed the highest positive rate in all defined triple periods, whereas positive rates of neomycin sulphate & balsam of Peru were diminishing sequentially. Among fragrance allergens, cinnamic alcohol & cinnamic aldehyde revealed the highest positive rates. 4. In as is test, skin care products showed the highest positive rate, followed by toiletries and makeup products. Increasing positive rates of the toiletry products were observed in order of time. In fragrance products, positive rates reached their peak in the second period and declined in the third period. CONCLUSION: This study showed that perfume components were the most frequent allergens in cosmetics followed by preservative agents. Our study showed that comestic allergies in men seems to have increased.
Age Distribution ; Allergens ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Neomycin ; Nickel ; Patch Tests* ; Perfume ; Peru ; Skin Tests