Objective To investigate the effects and toxicity of pirarubicin and chemotherapy regimen in treatment of malignant lymphoma in the elderly. Methods 50 cases(over 60 years of age) with non Hodgkin's lymphoma collected in Lishui Central Hospital of Zhejiang province from January 2011 to January 2013 were randomly divided into control group(n=25)and experimental group(n=25). Experimental group were received CTOP chemotherapy, control group were received the standard CHOP chemotherapy, vomiting, stomach, blood pressure, blood glucose control and other appropriate symptomatic treatment were adopted according to the speciifc circumstances of each patient in both two groups. Regular inspection were given to all patients, and bone marrow suppression, treatment of lymphoma, complications and other indicators were observed. Results Complete remission in experimental group after treatment was 13 cases, accounted for 52%within group, partial remission were 9 cases, accounted for 36%. The total effective number was 22, and the rate was 88%. Complete remission in control group after treatment was 8 cases, accounted for 32%within group, partial remission were 5 cases, accounted for 20%. The total effective number was 13 cases, and the rate was 52%. Bone marrow suppression in experimental group was signiifcantly less than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Elderly patients with malignant lymphoma in chemotherapy plus pirarubicin can improve the therapeutic effect, reduce bone marrow suppression and complications.

Objective To analyze the viability of extended distal pancreatectomy and the associated prognostic factors.Methods The data of 57 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent standard distal pancreatectomy (DP) or extended distal pancreatectomy (EDP) from January 2011 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.Thirty-five patients were performed with DP and 22 with EDP.Operation safety and survival benefit between DP and EDP were compared by t-test or x2 test.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the prognostic indicators.Results Compared to DP group,operation time((255 ±91)min vs.(208 ±80)min)(t =2.066,P =0.044) and ratio of blood transfusion (50.0％ vs.17.1％) (x2 =12.836,P =0.008) were greater in EDP group,respectively.There were no significant differences in amount of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative duration of hospitalization.Delayed gastric emptying was greater in EDP(22.7％ vs.2.9％) (Z =-2.251,P =0.027),while other complications had no differences.Mortality and ratio of relaparotomy also showed no differences.Median survival following DP was 13.1 months compared to 8.2 months following EDP.There was no difference in survival between DP and EDP.According to the results of multivariate analysis,tumor size (RR =1.275,P =0.03) and perioperative blood transfusions(RR =2.673,P =0.04) were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Though patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who undergo EDP have a worse pathologic staging,they will gain a comparable long-term survival to the patients undergo DP.Tumor size and perioperative blood transfusions are independent prognostic factors.

Objective To analyze the viability of extended distal pancreatectomy and the associated prognostic factors.Methods The data of 57 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent standard distal pancreatectomy (DP) or extended distal pancreatectomy (EDP) from January 2011 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.Thirty-five patients were performed with DP and 22 with EDP.Operation safety and survival benefit between DP and EDP were compared by t-test or x2 test.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the prognostic indicators.Results Compared to DP group,operation time((255 ±91)min vs.(208 ±80)min)(t =2.066,P =0.044) and ratio of blood transfusion (50.0％ vs.17.1％) (x2 =12.836,P =0.008) were greater in EDP group,respectively.There were no significant differences in amount of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative duration of hospitalization.Delayed gastric emptying was greater in EDP(22.7％ vs.2.9％) (Z =-2.251,P =0.027),while other complications had no differences.Mortality and ratio of relaparotomy also showed no differences.Median survival following DP was 13.1 months compared to 8.2 months following EDP.There was no difference in survival between DP and EDP.According to the results of multivariate analysis,tumor size (RR =1.275,P =0.03) and perioperative blood transfusions(RR =2.673,P =0.04) were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Though patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who undergo EDP have a worse pathologic staging,they will gain a comparable long-term survival to the patients undergo DP.Tumor size and perioperative blood transfusions are independent prognostic factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of pancreaticodudenectomy (PD) using anterior approach in situ technique for pancreatic head cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 285 patients with pancreatic head cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2012 to June 2018 were collected. There were 164 males and 121 females, aged from 40 to 76 years, with an average age of 57 years. Of the 285 patients, 196 patients who underwent PD using anterior approach in situ technique were set as anterior approach group, 89 patients who underwent PD using traditional approach were set as traditional approach group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was performed by outpatient examination, telephone or network interview once every 2 to 3 months to detect tumor recurrence, metastasis and survival of patients up to December 2018. The endpoint of follow-up was death of patients, and the secondary endpoint of follow-up was tumor recurrence or metastasis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survial curve and calculate the survival rates. Survival analysis was done by the Log-rank test. Results:(1) Surgical situations: 285 patients underwent surgery successfully. Cases with pylorus-preservaction, cases with superior mesenteric vein/ portal vein (SMV/PV) resection and reconstruction (end to end anastomosis, artificial vascular replacement, lateral wall resection and anastomosis), operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss were 118, 37 (17, 11, 9), (303±107)minutes, 350 mL(range, 100-750 mL) in the anterior approach group, and 48, 9 (7, 1, 1), (335±103)minutes, 400 mL(range, 100-900 mL) in the traditional approach group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.990, 3.474, t=0.722, Z=1.729, P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: the rate of R 0 resection, the number of lymph node dissected, the number of positive lymph node dissected, rate of nerve invasion, rate of vascular invasion, cases with postoperative severe complica-tions, the number of perioperative death, cases with postoperative chemotherapy were 93.88%(184/196), 12(range, 5-19), 4(range, 0-15), 45.41%(89/196), 31.12%(61/196), 28, 3, 69 in the anterior approach group, and 85.39%(76/89), 7(range, 4-17), 5(range, 0-13), 32.58%(29/89), 23.60%(21/89), 11, 2, 41 in the traditional approach group, respectively. There were significant differences in the rate of R 0 resection, the number of lymph node dissected, rate of nerve invasion between the two groups ( χ2=5.506, Z=4.637, χ2=4.149, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the number of positive lymph node dissected, rate of vascular invasion, cases with postoperative severe complications, the number of perioperative death, cases with postoperative chemotherapy between the two groups ( Z=0.052, χ2=1.962, 0.192, 0.001, 3.048, P>0.05). (3) Follow-up: of the 285 patients, 252 and 228 achieved the secondary endpoint and the endpoint of follow-up respectively with the follow-up time of 35 months (range, 6-58 months). There were 181 and 176 of 196 patients in the anterior approach group achieving the secondary endpoint and the endpoint of follow-up respectively with the follow-up time of 38 months (range, 6-58 months). There were 71 and 52 of 89 patients in the traditional approach group achieving the second endpoint and the endpoint of follow-up respectively with the follow-up time of 33 months (range, 7-53 months). The median tumor free survival time and median overall survival time were 31 months and 37 months in the anterior approach group, respectively, versus 24 months and 31 months in the traditional approach group. There was a significant difference in the tumor free survival between the two groups ( χ2=7.646, P<0.05), while no significant difference in the overall survival between the two groups ( χ2=3.265, P>0.05). Conclusion:PD using anterior approach in situ technique is safe and feasible for pancreatic head cancer, which can improve the rate of R 0 resection and prolong the tumor free survival time of patients.

Because of low incidence, atypical clinical symptom, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNENs) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) alway have suspected diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This paper aims to improve the diagnosis and treatment of two diseases by a case of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with suspected autoimmune pancreatitis.

Objective:To observe and summarise the clinical effect of free groin flap in repairing of soft tissue defects in extremities, and to explore the selection of main vessel in a flap.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2021, 146 patients with soft tissue defects in extremities were treated with free groin flaps in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Guangxi Guilin Xing'an Jieshou Orthopaedic Hospital. There were 126 patients with traumatic wound and 20 with chronic ulcer. In addition, 86 of the patients with bone fracture and exposure of internal fixator, 18 with tendon, nerve or artery injuries or defects. There were 6 patients with severe infection and other 3 with deep dead space. The sizes of wound ranged from 2.0 cm×3.0 cm to 25.0 cm×6.0 cm. The flap was the same size as the wound and not enlarged. Firstly, the superficial branch of superficial iliac circumflex artery was explored as the axial artery for all the flaps, then the blood supply vessels of the flap were selected according to the availability of the axial artery. The size, course, adjacent and possible length to be freed of the axial artery and the accompanying veins of a flap were recorded. The donor sites were directly sutured and closed. All patients were included in the postoperative follow-up at outpatient clinic.Results:Free groin flap were used to repair the wounds in all patients. However, the main blood supply vessel of the flap was not constant, and it was often required to adjust the way of flap harvesting. Superficial circumflex iliac artery was taken as the axial vessels in 141 patients (96.6%), among them, 133 cases(94.3%) had the superficial branch as the axis and 5 cases (3.6%) had deep branch as the axis. Three patients (2.1%) had the bone and soft tissue defects reconstructed with vascularised iliac mosaic osteocutaneous flap with superficial circumflex iliac artery as axial vessel and 5 cases(3.4%) had the superficial epigastric artery as axial vessel. The axial arteries were measured as follow: the superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery was 0.5-0.9 mm in diameter and 7.0-9.0 cm in length, the outer diameter of the deep branch was 1.2-1.4 mm and 9.0-11.0 cm in length, and the outer diameter of superficial epigastric artery was 1.0-1.6 mm and 8.0-11.3 cm in length. All the flaps survived smoothly after surgery and the follow-up period ranged 6-40 (mean 26) months. The texture of the flaps was soft with good function.Conclusion:Free groin flap can be used to repair soft tissue defects in extremities. The main axial vessel is the superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, followed by the deep branch or the trunk. The superficial abdominal artery can also be used as an axial vessel. Under the circumstances, the flap design needs to be adjusted without changing the supply area

Mitochondria, as the main site of cell metabolism and energy generation, contains the genome encoding the respiratory chain-associated complexes. Deletions or mutations of mitochondria will lead to mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies and these deficiencies play an important role in metabolic reprogramming which is considered as one of the important features of tumorigenesis and development. Many studies have found that tunneling nanotube (TNT), a well-established mitochondrial transfer pathway, is able to restore mitochondrial respiratory deficiencies. This review article focuses on the occurrence of mitochondrial transfer, the mechanism of TNT formation and the promising therapeutic targets acting on mitochondrial transfer.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Deregulated cellular energy metabolism is a critical hallmark of cancer cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1α) plays vital role in mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of PGC1α on OPMDs progression is less unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of knockdown PGC1α on human dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) comprehensively, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, xenograft tumor, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (ETC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and glucose uptake. We found that knockdown PGC1α significantly inhibited the proliferation of DOKs in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, induced S-phase arrest, and suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling pathway without affecting cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, downregulated of PGC1α decreased mtDNA, ETC, and OCR, while enhancing ROS, glucose uptake, ECAR, and glycolysis by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Moreover, SR18292 (an inhibitor of PGC1α) induced oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction of DOKs and declined DOK xenograft tumor progression. Thus, our work suggests that PGC1α plays a crucial role in cell proliferation by reprograming energy metabolism and interfering with energy metabolism, acting as a potential therapeutic target for OPMDs.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Energy Metabolism ; Glucose ; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Reactive Oxygen Species