OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effect and complications of subfascial breast augmentation and submammary breast augmentation.

METHODFrom Sept. 2009 to May 2012 , 25 patients with subfascial breast augmentation and 31 patients with submammary breast augmentation were observed. The postoperative results including visible implant edge or ripple, upper pole of the implant and long-term implant ptosis were compared respectively. The complications including hematoma, infection and capsular contraction were also recorded.

RESULTS56 cases were followed up for 2 months to 26 months. The incidence rate of visible implant edge or ripple was 4.0% (1/25 ) in the subfascial group and 29.0% (9/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( PC 0.05). The incidence rate of convex upper pole of the implant was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 35.5% (11/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( P < 0.05). Long-term implant ptosis was not found in the two groups. The incidence rate of hematoma was 4.0% (1/25) in the subfascial group and 6.5% (2/31) in the submammary group, infection was not found. The incidence rate of capsular contraction was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 12.9% (4/31) in the submammary group, showing no statistical difference between them ( P > 0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONSSubfascial breast augmentation has more clinical advantages compared with submammary breast augmentation, but no evident difference was found in the common complication rate, such as capsular contraction.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of glandular flap combined with dermal flap suspension for correction of mild and moderate breast ptosis.

METHODSThe dermal flap was formed according to the breast ptosis and dissection was performed between the skin and gland. The superior-lateral gland was partially resected or cut vertically only to form the lateral glandular flap. Then the glandular flap was rotated medially and fixed to shrink the glandular base area. Then the breast was up-positioned and fixed with dermal flap to remodel the breast shape.

RESULTSFrom Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 46 cases were treated with satisfactory result. There was no severe complication, except for 2 cases of unilateral hematoma. 40 cases were followed up for 6 months to 4 years with good breast shape. No secondary ptosis, breast flatten and NAC sensation disorder was happened.

CONCLUSIONSGlandular flap combined with dermal flap suspension is a good method for mild and moderate breast ptosis with reliable long-term results. The breasts have busty appearance and good projection with inconspicuous scar.

Adult ; Breast ; surgery ; Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To observe the levels of serum interleukin-1β(1L-1β)and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra),the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio and the relationship between the levels of thern and the restenosis in patients with intra-and extra-cranial arteriostenosis after stent-assisted angioplasty.Methods Thirty-one patients with cerebral artery stenosis,admitted to our hospital from April 2003 to March 2006,were treated with stent-assistant angioplasty and followed up for 6-12 months.The relationship was analyzed between the restenosis of cerebral artery and both the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-1Ra and the IL-1 Ra/IL-1β ratio before and 1 h,1,3 and 5 d after stent-assisted angioplasty.Results The condition of 31 stents in 31 blood vessels of cerebral arteries was observed and followed up 6 to 12 months after the operation.Restenosis was noted in 6(19.3%)with 3 restenosis superior to 50% and 3 restenosis from 10%-30%.No obvious difference of the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-1Ra,the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio between restenosis group and non-restenosis group before the operation was found (P>0.05);IL-11β and IL-1Ra levels were positively correlated before the operation.The levels of serum IL-1β and IL-1Ra 1h,1,3 and 5 d after the operation were superior to those before the operation,respectively(P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-1β and IL-1Ra in the restenosis group showed no significant difference to those in the non-restenosis group 6 to 12 months alter the operation(P>0.05);however,the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio in the restenosis group was significantly lower than that in the non-restenosis group (P<0.05);positive correlation between the levels of IL-1β and IL-1Ra was observed.Conclusion The levels of serum IL-1β and IL-1Ra were associated with the inflammatory process after the operation and the immune maladjustment of IL-1β and IL-1Ra might be correlative to the restenosis,indicating that the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio might be an available index for monitoring the restenosis.

Objective To discuss mechanism and control measures of stent fracture and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic ostial vertebral/subclavian artery stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 3 patients with stent fracture after receiving PTAS for symptomatic ostial vertebral/subclavian artery stenosis.Simple radiographic, ultrasonographic and clinical follow-up examinations were estimated. Related articles on coronary stent fracture were gone over, consulting in the types, cumulative incidence and occurrence time of adverse events, risk factors and preventive measures. Results Stent fractures of 3 patients with symptomatic ostial vertebral /subclavian artery stenosis were associated with in-stent restenosis and occlusion. Two of the 3 patients treated with the balloon angioplasty and after balloon dilatation, and the patients exhibited relief of symptoms. One patient was only managed for vascular disease risk factors, and no developing recurrent symptoms were noted during the follow-up period.Conclusions Stent fracture might appear in patients performed PTAS for symptomatic ostial vertebral /subclavian artery stenosis, and regular check is needed. Individual treatment was emphasized in case of serious symptoms appeared.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and efficacy of reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle based on Würinger' s horizontal septum in the treatment of female breast hypertrophy.

METHODSFrom Mar. 2009 to Sept. 2011, a series of 21 consecutive patients with mild and moderate hypermastia underwent reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle. Only the mammary gland located at cranial portion of septum was resected and the mammary gland located at caudal portion of septum was preserved.

RESULTSIn our series, the mean resection weight per breast was (327.8 +/- 148.6) g, the mean nipple-to clavicle midpoint was 20.0 cm (range, 18.0-22.0 cm) and the mean nipple-to-sternal-notch distance was 21.0 cm (range, 19.5-22.5 cm) postoperatively. Nipple was moved upward 6.5 cm on average (range, 4.0-10.0 cm). There was no hematoma and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis. Minimal wound dehiscence occurred in one case and healed by dressing change. 17 cases were followed up for 3 months to 2 years. Satisfactory breast shape was achieved with good NAC sensibility.

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle based on Würinger' s horizontal septum is a safe and reliable technique for mild and moderate hypermastia. Satisfactory breast contour, as well as NAC viability and sensibility, could be achieved with lower occurrence of hematoma or seroma.

Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; surgery ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effective diagnostic method for the patients with polyacrylamide hydrogen injection for augmentation mammaplasty.

METHODSMRI scanning (layer thickness 1mm, t2 _ ps3d_ cor alignment) was performed on 23 patients with polyacrylamide hydrogen injection for augmentation mammaplasty. The data were imported into computer and processed. 3D reconstruction and analysis modules were run subsequently to do the volume reconstruction and surface reconstruction to obtain stereoscopic images of the gel and adjacent structures in virtual reality, and to calculate the volume of the hydrogel.

RESULTSAmong the 23 patients (46 breasts), the injected hydrogel with integrity capsule existed in retromammary space with no malposition in 5 cases (10 breasts). The capsule was not integrally formed and hydrogel was separately distributed with irregular edge in 6 patients (12 breasts). The pectoris major space, subcutaneous and gland invasion was found in 11 patients (22 breasts). Small amount of hydrogel sparsely distributed in mammary gland and degenerative muscular tissue in 1 patient (2 breasts) who had received extracting surgery before. The volume of hydrogel ranged from 220.309 ml to 372.371 ml (mean: 306.328 ml) in 22 untreated patients (44 breasts).

CONCLUSIONSThe volume and distribution of hydrogel can be known clearly by 3D MRI reconstruction technique. This feasible technique is helpful in removing the hydrogel completely.

Acrylic Resins ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Period ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cause and the prophylactic measures for the complication following the periareolar reduction mammaplasty using polypropylene mesh as suspension device.

METHODSFrom Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2005, 78 patients who underwent periareolar reduction mammaplasty using polypropylene mesh as suspension device were analysed. Among them, 47 cases were followed-up for 6 months to 5 years, and their long-term effect was evaluated.

RESULTSEarly after operation, complications included seroma (3 cases), infection (3 cases), delayed wound healing (3 cases), and paraesthesia of nipple-areolar complex (1 case). The 47 followed-up patients presented abnormal wave-like skin appearance in superior polar of breast (7 cases), palpable cord-like mammary content in peripheral region of breast (3 cases), widening of periareolar scar and secondary ptosis (2 cases) and paraesthesia of nipple-areolar complex (1 case). All other patients acquired good appearance and felt satisfactory. 2 patients could lactate after operation. 5 patients underwent mammary X-ray radiography after operation. No mesh shadow or calcification was revealed.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough polypropylene mesh is a good suspension device in reduction mammaplasty, the long-term complication is relatively high because of the hardness of the tissue. More soft tissue is necessary as alternative device for clinical application.

Adult ; Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Polypropylenes ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the reasons for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.

METHODS39 patients were included in this study, who had complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in the breasts, nose, temproal area or depressed locus. The clinical manifestations of the complications were analyzed.

RESULTSPostoperative infection occurred in 5 cases, induration in 23, pain in 25, ulceration of the puncture points in 9, displacement in 6, galactostasis in 1, skin necrosis in 1, breast deformation in 3, bilateral asymmetry in 4, aseptic inflammation in 10, and skin-acne-like changes on the face in 4.

CONCLUSIONSome complications were caused mainly by incorrect manipulation and others were relative to the injected material. The applications of polyacrylamide hydrogel as a clinical implant material need further investigations. Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection should be cautiously used.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Bacterial Infections ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgery, Plastic ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and their association with the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly residents in Haizhu District of Guangzhou.

METHODSStratified random sampling was employed to select a total of 1800 resident aged 50 years or older in the region. The fasting fingertip blood glucose>5.6 mmol/L was used as the criterion for the initial screening. The data were collected from qualified subjects via scheduled questionnaire surveys, blood collection and testing, and physical examination. The subjects were divided into the 3 groups, namely normal blood glucose, prediabetes, and diabetes groups. The combination rates of the relevant risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipemia, obesity, and central obesity) were compared among the groups by Framingham Heart Study to predict the occurrence of CHD in 10 years.

RESULTSThe incidence was 11.00% for prediabetes and 7.56% for diabetes in the elderly residents in Haizhu District. The occurrence of hypertension, hyperlipemia, obesity, and central obesity was significant higher in the prediabetes and diabetes group than in the normal blood glucose group, and showed no significant differences between the former two groups. The 10-year risks for CHD were markedly higher in both the prediabetes and diabetes groups than in the normal blood glucose group, but similar between the former two groups.

CONCLUSIONElderly patients with prediabetes and diabetes have significantly increased 10-year risk for CHD in comparison with those with normal blood glucose, but the risk is similar between the former two groups, indicating a close association of IGR (impaired fasting glucose+ impaired fasting glucose) with CHD. Early control of blood glucose is essential to the prevention and control of CHD.

Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies

Objective To understand the prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) in Zhuang population, and to analyze the potential factors of SGA. Methods A total of 3 839 live births in the Wuming District People’s Hospital and Wuming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were recruited. Random Forest, 2 test and Logistic regression model were used for statistical analyses. Results The incidence of SGA was 9.6% (368/3 839), and it was 6.9% (142/2 049) and 12.6% (226/1 790) for male and female infants respectively. Random Forest method showed that second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction’s importance score was the highest, but gestational week’s was the lowest. Also, seven important variables were selected by this method. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that parity <2, the height of mothers <1.55 m, insufficient gestational weight gain, second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction were risk factors for SGA, but pre-pregnancy BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 and male infants were protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of SGA is slightly higher, among the Zhuang population in Guangxi. SGA is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the status of intrauterine growth and adopt comprehensive measures to control and reduce the incidence of SGA.