Objective To study the prevention and treatment of severe complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA)for hepatic malignancy. Methods A series of 939 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma or hepatic metastasis confirmed by pathological examinations or clinical manifestations underwent 1098 treatments of PRFA between January 2006 and December 2009. All the patients were followed up to study the short-or long-term complications related to PRFA. Results Complications developed in 9 patients: bile duct injury (4 patients), hemothorax (2 patients), and intra-abdominal hemorrhage (3 patients). The incidence of complication was 0.82% (9/1098) and the complication-related mortality was 11.1% (1/9). Conclusions Although PRFA which is minimally invasive, is a safe and effective treatment, there were still risks for this procedure, especially when the tumor is located at the portahepatic region or the patient has coagulopathy. Some serious complications can be prevented. It is important to observe the strict indications for RFA and to carry out the procedure carefully. Early detection of complication is important.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and prognostic factors for the patients with hepatocel-lular carcinoma (HCC) at unresectable early stage when treated with percutaneous microwave ablation. Methods From January 2007 to January 2010 , 105 cases of at unresectable early stage were treated with percutaneous microwave ablation. Complete response rate, major complication rate, overall survival rates, disease-free survival rate were observed and prognostic risk factors were analyzed. Results The complete response rate was 95.7%. The major complication ratewas 3.8%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.1%, 66.7%, 46.7%, and the corresponding disease-free survival rates were 82.9%, 48.6%, 31.4%, respectively. Age > 65 year and tumor size > 3 cm were independent risks for disease-free survival. Age > 65 year and recurrence were independent risks for overall survival. Conclusions Percutaneous microwave ablation is a safe and efficient ther-apy for HCC at unresectable early stage.

Objective To identify the types,frequency and risk factors of major complications using microwave ablation (MWA) to treat liver malignancies in a single center.Methods Using the electronic medical record system,patients with liver cancer who were treated with MWA from January 2010 to November 2015 were retrospectively studied,and the risk factors of severe complications were analyzed.Results Of the 7 403 patients who were treated with MWA (12 558 ablations).96 cases experienced severe complications (1.3％) and 5 patients died (0.07％).The complications included liver abscess (n ＝ 34,0.46％),pleural effusion (n ＝ 20,0.27％),bile duct injury (n ＝ 15,0.20％),hemorrhage (n ＝ 6,0.08％),liver failure (n ＝ 6,0.08％),extrahepa-tic organ injuries (n ＝ 5,0.07％),cancerous cells implantation of abdominal walls (n ＝ 2),cardiac arrest (n ＝ 1),vascular thrombosis (n ＝ 1),renal insufficiency (n ＝ 1),and patients with other associated diseases which developed after the MWA therapy (n ＝2).Metastatic liver cancer and earlier treatment of MWA sessions were associated with a higher major complication rate (P ＜ 0.05).Conclnsions MWA is a well-tolerated local treatment for liver cancer,with an acceptably low incidence of severe complications.Liver abscess was the most common postoperative severe complication.The surgeons＇ experience and tumor type were associated with the incidence of severe complications,however,not relavant with the frequency of preoperative ablations.Appropriate measures can be taken to effectively reduce the risk of serious complications.

Objective: A method was established to obtain fingerprint and determination of six components in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Pieces (GRRP) based on HPLC-PDA, and samples with four kinds of softening methods (showering moistening, steaming, 70 ℃ decompression steaming, 85 ℃ decompression steaming) were analyzed. Methods: The content of total flavonoids and total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid as reference materials. Simultaneous determination of six components of liquiritin, ononin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, echinatin, glycyrrhizic acid was performed based on HPLC. Changes of the components content in the samples which treated by different softening methods were compared. The similarity evaluation of samples with different softening methods was carried out by the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine, and cluster analysis was also carried out. Results: The results showed that the content of total flavonoids and total saponins in untreated samples was the highest, and the content of total flavonoids and total saponins in samples treated by showering moistening was the lowest. The three treatment methods of atmospheric pressure steaming, steaming decompression at 70 ℃ and steaming decompression at 85 ℃ had little effect on the samples. The content determination showed that the content of isoliquiritin was decreased significantly after softening treatment. The difference among the different softening treatment groups was not significant. The samples with different softening methods of the three batches of samples were grouped together with their raw products. Different softening methods had no significant difference in the composition of the medicinal herbs. Conclusion: The established method can quickly and accurately determine the six components, and in particular, the content of isoglycyrrhizin should be monitored. Combining production efficiency, production cost and quality evaluation, steaming is the most feasible in the production process. This study provided theoretical guidance for the large-scale production of softening, which was conducive to further standardizing the production process of GRRP.

Tangcao pill is commonly applied in adjuvant and even alternative therapy for patients with AIDS. However, the herb contains complex ingredients, but with unknown effect against anti-HIV drug and unknown function. Because CYP450 emzyme is the main metabolic enzymes of the drug, it is of important significance to study the regulation of CYP450 enzymes before and after the combined administration of Tangcao pill and EFV. Proteomics, due to its high throughout and high sensitivity, has been widely applied in CYP450 enzyme study. In this paper, liver microsomes were separated through differential centrifugation. Their proteins were separated through SDS-PAGE. The three protein bands that CYP450 enzymes were located were cut and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Totally 16 CYP450 isoenzymes were identified. Furthermore, in order to make a quantitative analysis on the effect of tang herb on CYP450 emzyme, the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technology based on MS was adopted. The CYP2C11 was selected based on the results of the mass spectrum identification of proteins. The characteristic polypeptides were obtained through searching Expasy blast database. The m/z of the fragment ions was less than 800. In the paper, the m/z of ion pairs of CYP2C11 were 711.5/232.1, 711.5/319.2, 711.5/466.2 and 711.5/595.3, and the m/z of ESAT-6 (internal standard, IS) were 735.5/215.3, 735.5/389.3, 735.5/460.3 and 735.5/524.3. The relative peak (analyte/IS) area was adopted for the relative quantitative analysis. Compared with the EFV single administration group, the EFV and Tangcao pill combined administration group showed a 1.6-fold increase in CYP2C11. The results of the paper indicated that Tangcao pill may affect drug metabolism by regulating metabolic enzymes such as CYP2C11, but the specific mechanism still unknown.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; chemistry ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Aim To investigate the effects of anti-in-flammation and antioxidation of an amphiphilic curcu-min derivative (Curc-OEG)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,curcumin and Curc-OEG treatment group.All rats except those in control group were given subcuta-neous injection of CCl4 and olive oil mixture,twice a week for 8 weeks.After 4 weeks,rats of control and model group were trea-ted with normal saline intravenously,curcumin group were ad-ministered with curcumin 400 mg.kg -1 .d -1 by gavage and Curc-OEG group were treated with Curc-OEG 1 00 mg.kg -1 .d -1 intra-venously respectively.After 4 weeks treatment,the serum levels of ALT and AST were tested.HE and Sirus staining were used to evaluate the extent of liver inflammation and fibrosis.The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines of NF-kB,IL-1 β, IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 were observed with Real Time PCR.The level of MOD,SOD and GSH in liver of rats were quantified. Results The levels of ALT in control,model,curcumin and Curc-OEG group was (31 .7 ±8.7)U·L -1 ,(383.0 ±75.6) U·L -1 ,(406.3 ±204.7)U·L -1 ,(1 07.0 ±73.7)U·L -1 respectively;that of AST was (1 37.7 ±32.7)U·L -1 ,(585.3 ±36.7)U·L -1 ,(485.0 ±246.5)U·L -1 ,(202.7 ±56.0) U·L -1 respectively,Curc-OEG possessed more hepatoprotective effects than that of curcumin.Liver pathology showed Curc-OEG treatment could significantly alleviate steatosis,reduce inflamma-tion and apparently suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by reducing the thickness of bridging fibrotic septa.Compared with curcumin, Curc-OEG down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-kB,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 (P <0.05 ).Moreo-ver,Curc-OEG reduced the level of MOD and increased the lev-els of SOD and GSH.Conclusion Curc-OEG could more sig-nificantly protect the rat liver from CCl4-caused fibrogenesis by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect than curcumin.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the common malignant tumors in China. Esophagectomy based on multi-disciplinary principle improves the quality of life and survival of esophageal cancer patients, but a lot of patients will suffer recurrence or metastasis after surgery. TNM stage is the most important factor which affects the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Besides, there are other prognostic factors, such as abnormal expression of the proteins. Exploration of these proteins may provide new clues to improve prognosis in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We reviewed the literatures related to abnormal protein expression in ESCC, and tried to elucidate the prognostic value and potential clinical application of these proteins in ESCC.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; metabolism

In this study, indomethacin (IND) loaded solidified-polymeric micelles (IND-SPM) were prepared. Their in vitro characteristics were investigated. Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) poly(D, L-lactide) copolymer (mPEG-PDLLA) was used as IND carrier. The preparation of IND-SPM was conducted by solution-absorption method and evaporation by rotary evaporator. Polyplasdone XL-10 was used as adsorbent. The solution-absorption method was conducted by the following procedure; IND and mPEG-PDLLA were dissolved in acetone, followed by addition of polyplasdone XL-10 and stirred to obtain a suspension. The powder of IND-SPM was simply obtained after the organic solvent was completely evaporated. More than 90% (w/w) of IND (20 mg) in the powder was dissolved in 250 mL PBS within 30 min. DSC, 1H NMR and SEM results proved that IND was encapsulated within mPEG-PDLLA. The solubility of IND in the system increased 4.6 times with the highest amount of copolymer. The solidified particles were found to be suitable for the formulation of tablets or capsules.
Administration, Oral ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Micelles ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Solubility

In 2013, the World Health Organization reported the first case of human infection with a new influenza A (H7N9) virus in China. This has caused damage and panic within certain areas in China. Therefore, analysis of this virus with bioinformatics technology is very necessary. Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most important antigens of the influenza virus and an important target for anti-flu drugs. In this study, the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA gene of A/H7N9 influenza viruses were retrieved from the NCBI database, and MEGA 5.0 software was employed to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide coding sequence; BioEdit software was used to align the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA and calculate the homologies of nucleotides and amino acids and then to analyze the important mutation sites of NA gene. The results demonstrated that the spread of influenza virus H7N9 showed certain geographical and temporal relations. The H7N9 virus isolated from China in 2013 belonged to Euroasiatic serotype, and its NA stalk region hadobvious variation, which may be one of the reasons that this virus infects human. These analyses may be very helpful for understanding the evolutionary relationship and mutation trend of A/H7N9 influenza viruses.
Databases, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; enzymology ; genetics ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of HOXA13 gene in stage-II(a esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and to evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.

METHODSThe expression of HOXA13 was examined by immunohistochemistry(IHC) in specimens from 39 patients with ESCC of stage-II(a, who underwent resection from 1995 to 2002. SPSS software was used to analyze the relationship between HOXA13 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

RESULTSThe expression of HOXA13 protein was detected in ESCC tissue, and the positive rate was 61.5%. The median survival time of patients without HOXA13 expression(>72 months) was significantly longer than those with HOXA13 expression (24 months)( P=0.023). Multivariate analysis showed that HOXA13 expression was independent predictor of disease-free survival time of patients with ESCC.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of HOXA13 can be detected in ESCC and is a negative independent predictor of disease-free survival, which implies that HOXA13 might play a role in ESSC, and may be used as a clinical tumor marker of ESCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis