Objective:To explore the psychological status of female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy before and after receiving mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) using psychological measurement methods.Methods:The study included 36 female patients (age ranged 18-35 years, with mean age of 23 years) who underwent bilateral mandibular angle osteotomy at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical University. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the patients′ psychological status before and after surgery. SPSS 18.0 was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative data with the national norms.Results:According to the SCL-90 questionnaire, the scores of the six factors, including obsessive-compulsive symptoms (2.24±0.43 vs. 1.62±0.58, P<0.01), interpersonal sensitivity (1.85±0.46 vs. 1.65±0.61, P=0.02), depression (1.91±0.43 vs. 1.50±0.59, P<0.01), anxiety (1.75±0.42 vs. 1.39±0.43, P<0.01), hostility (1.86±0.45 vs. 1.46±0.55, P<0.01), and paranoia (2.18±0.46 vs. 1.43±0.57, P<0.01) of patients before surgery were significantly higher than the national norms. One month after surgery, there was a significant improvement in SAS and SDS scores compared to preoperative scores ( t=8.0, 10.4, P<0.01). The SAS score decreased from 43.0±9.8 to 37.5±6.8, and the SDS score decreased from 47.1±10.6 to 39.4±7.5. There was no statistically significant difference in the depression and anxiety indices of SCL-90 compared to the national norms ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Mandibular angle osteotomy significantly improves the psychological health of female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy and can alleviate the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysm are commonly encountered with arteriovenous vascular access for haemodialysis. They are difficult complications to manage. Due to the limited number of vascular centers available, patients were unable to seek treatment until further complications arise. The technique of partial aneurysmectomy and primary repair was adopted as the method of repair in this study. A total of 20 cases underwent the surgery from 2019 to 2020. Among the 20 cases, one patient had two pseudoaneurysms at different location which requires her to undergo the procedure twice. The successful cannulation rate post repair was 70% whereas the overall complication rate was 35% which might be attributed to the small sample size. Overall, this study demonstrated that AVF aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm can be safely treated with this approach and can be done effectively in non-vascular centers by general surgeons.

In this study, the crude polysaccharides was extracted from Shengfupian and purified by Sevag deproteinization. Then, the purified neutral polysaccharide fragment was obtained by the DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 co-lumn. The structure of polysaccharides was characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides, LPS was used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The expression of the CD86 antibody on surface of M1 cells, the function of macrophages, and the content of NO and IL-6 in the supernatant were examined. An immunodepression model of H22 tumor-bearing mice was established, and the immunomodulatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides was evaluated based on the tumor inhibition rate, immune organ index and function, and serum cytokine levels. Research indicated that Shengfupian polysaccharides(80 251 Da) was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and fructose with molar ratio of 0.004∶0.018∶0.913∶0.065. It was smooth and lumpy under the scanning electron microscope. In the concentration range of 25-200 μg·mL~(-1), Shengfupian polysaccharides exhibited little or no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells and could inhibit the polarization of cells to the M1 type and reduce the content of NO and IL-6 in the cell supernatant. It could suppress the phagocytosis of cells at the concentration of 25 μg·mL~(-1), while enhancing the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells within the concentration range of 100-200 μg·mL~(-1). The 200 mg·kg~(-1) Shengfupian polysaccharides could alleviate the spleen injury caused by cyclophosphamide, increase the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and decrease the level of TNF-α in the serum of mice. In conclusion, Shengfupian polysaccharides has anti-inflammatory effect and weak immunomodulatory effect, which may the material basis of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia for dispelling cold and relieving pain.
Animals ; Mice ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

Objective:To explore the application of three-dimensional measurement data in the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular angle prominent in Shanghai female youth.Methods:The young females in Shanghai were selected from the Clinical Database of Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center in Xuhui and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the craniofacial region was performed using computer-aided technology, and the subjects were divided into prominent group, attractive group, and contrast group according to the three-dimensional reconstruction images and doctor’s evaluation results. The mandibular and facial regions of the three groups were measured in three dimensions. The measurement indicators included bone tissue indicators such as mandibular angle (∠Co-Go-Me), mandibular expansion angle (∠Go-Me-Go), mandibular body length/mandibular support height ratio (Go-Me/Co-Go), mandibular angle width/zygomatic width ratio (Go-Go/Zy-Zy), and mandibular width index (Go-Go/Co-Co); and the soft tissue indicators included mandibular angle (∠t-go’-gn), mandibular angle width/midface width ratio (go’-go’/zy’-zy’), and mandibular angle width/mandibular height ratio (go’-go’/s-gn). The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software, with normally distributed metric data expressed as Mean±SD. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the three groups, and LSD method was used for comparison among prominent group, contrast group and attractive group. Fisher discriminant analysis was used for indicators with statistical significance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 200 young females in Shanghai were enrolled in this study. 73 cases were included in the prominent group, with an age of (26.1±3.2) years, body weight of (54.3±4.3) kg, and body mass index(BMI) of (21.3±1.9) kg/m 2; 32 cases in the attractive group, with an age of (25.3±3.1) years, body weight of (58.7±3.7) kg, and BMI of (20.0±1.5) kg/m 2; and 95 cases in the contrast group, with an age of (27.2±3.7) years, body weight of (53.3±3.4) kg, and BMI of (20.1±1.3) kg/m 2. There were no significant differences in age, body weight, and BMI among the three groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in the measurement values of indicators such as ∠Co-Go-Me, ∠Go-Me-Go, Go-Me/Co-Go, Go-Go/Co-Co, ∠t-go’-gn among the three groups ( P<0.01). The prominent group showed significant outward and posterior protrusion in the mandibular angle area compared with the contrast group in terms of ∠Co-Go-Me (111.69°±4.19° vs. 115.43°±3.01°), ∠Go-Me-Go (66.27°±4.51° vs. 64.19°±3.69°), and ∠t-go’-gn (126.13°±7.51° vs. 130.34°±7.21°) ( P<0.01). The attractive group showed significant differences compared with the contrast group in terms of ∠Co-Go-Me (121.61°±3.22° vs. 115.43°±3.01°), Go-Me/Co-Go (1.67±0.20 vs. 1.58±0.15), and ∠t-go’-gn (137.17°±7.57° vs. 130.34°±7.21°) ( P<0.01). The lower quartile of ∠Co-Go-Me in the prominent group was 110°, and the upper quartile of ∠GO-Me-Go was 72°, with a small overlap in the mode region compared with the other two groups. Three indicators, ∠Co-Go-Me ( D1), ∠Go-Me-Go ( D2), and Go-Me/Co-Go ( D3), were selected to establish Fisher discriminant functions. The Fisher discriminant function for prominent group was Z=0.237 D2-0.084 D1-5.813, with a discriminant rate of 60.3%, and for the attractive group was Z=0.257 D1-0.015 D3-28.610, with a Fisher discriminant rate of 85.3%. Conclusion:The ∠Co-Go-Me, ∠Go-Me-Go, ∠t-go’-gn, and other data in Shanghai female youth can be used to evaluate their mandibular contour morphology, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular angle prominent. The ∠Co-Go-Me of the mandibular aesthetic group should approach 122°, and ∠Co-Go-Me<110° and ∠Go-Me-Go>72° can be used as preliminary indicators for the diagnosis of mandibular angle prominent in prominent group, guiding clinical practice.

Objective:To use the least square method to curve fit the mandibular contours of Chinese women, obtain an ideal fitting function model, and explore the effectiveness of using mathematical curves for bone cutting line design in mandibular osteotomy.Methods:(1) Female cranial CT data were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University and Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center. The mandibular morphology of the CT reconstructed images was evaluated using the Likert scale, and samples were selected from individuals with mandibular angle hypertrophy, aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology, and aesthetically pleasing appearance after osteotomy as references. The Python platform Spyder module was used to analyze the curve fitting of mandibular contour morphology and the goodness of fitting was measured by the coefficient of determination R2( R2 ≥ 0.800 was considered acceptable for the fitted function, while R2≥ 0.900 was deemed sufficient to meet clinical application requirements). The fitting degree of polynomial functions, logarithmic functions, and other mathematical curves in the facial contours of individuals with aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology were analyzed to obtain an ideal mandibular contour curve fitting function model. (2) Patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy who underwent intraoral mandibular osteotomy from March 2020 to March 2021 at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were divided into a mathematical template group (guided by a mathematical curve-based bone cutting plan), a traditional template group (guided by traditional bone cutting templates), and a manual osteotomy group. Three-dimensional reconstruction technology was used to evaluate the efficacy postoperatively. Preoperative preparation time, bone cutting time, surgical time, and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups. Patient self-evaluation of surgical outcomes was assessed using the jawline component of the Face-Q questionnaire. Results:(1) A total of 205 female cranial CT data were selected, including 73 cases of mandibular angle hypertrophy, 32 cases of aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology, and 5 cases of aesthetically pleasing appearance after osteotomy as reference samples for mandibular contour curve fitting. The result showed that the third-degree polynomial function ( R2=0.918±0.027) and logarithmic function ( R2=0.930±0.039) could be used to simulate the mandibular contour morphology in individuals with aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology. (2) The mathematical template group (using logarithmic function for bone cutting design), traditional template group, and manual osteotomy group included 28, 14, and 11 patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy, respectively. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative mandibular contour morphology and no complications such as deformity or significant asymmetry were observed. The mathematical template group outperformed the manual osteotomy group in terms of the total score of the jawline questionnaire, surgical time, and bone cutting time(all P<0.01). The preoperative preparation time in the mathematical template group was shorter than that in the traditional template group [(82.39±9.77) min vs. (97.07±17.49) min, P<0.01], and the jawline questionnaire evaluation showed that the patients in the mathematical template group had higher scores in evaluating the lateral view of the mandible and the smoothness of the lower facial contour compared to the traditional template group [3.75±0.44 vs. 3.14±0.36, 3.71±0.46 vs. 3.36±0.50, both P<0.05]. Conclusion:Curve fitting based on the least square method can be used to simulate mandibular angle osteotomy. Models such as logarithmic functions can be used for preoperative design of mandibular osteotomy and have advantages in terms of contour smoothness and symmetry after surgery. Bone cutting design based on mathematical curves can meet patient demands and aesthetic standards, providing precise and individualized solutions for surgery.

Objective:To explore the application of three-dimensional measurement data in the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular angle prominent in Shanghai female youth.Methods:The young females in Shanghai were selected from the Clinical Database of Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center in Xuhui and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the craniofacial region was performed using computer-aided technology, and the subjects were divided into prominent group, attractive group, and contrast group according to the three-dimensional reconstruction images and doctor’s evaluation results. The mandibular and facial regions of the three groups were measured in three dimensions. The measurement indicators included bone tissue indicators such as mandibular angle (∠Co-Go-Me), mandibular expansion angle (∠Go-Me-Go), mandibular body length/mandibular support height ratio (Go-Me/Co-Go), mandibular angle width/zygomatic width ratio (Go-Go/Zy-Zy), and mandibular width index (Go-Go/Co-Co); and the soft tissue indicators included mandibular angle (∠t-go’-gn), mandibular angle width/midface width ratio (go’-go’/zy’-zy’), and mandibular angle width/mandibular height ratio (go’-go’/s-gn). The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software, with normally distributed metric data expressed as Mean±SD. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the three groups, and LSD method was used for comparison among prominent group, contrast group and attractive group. Fisher discriminant analysis was used for indicators with statistical significance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 200 young females in Shanghai were enrolled in this study. 73 cases were included in the prominent group, with an age of (26.1±3.2) years, body weight of (54.3±4.3) kg, and body mass index(BMI) of (21.3±1.9) kg/m 2; 32 cases in the attractive group, with an age of (25.3±3.1) years, body weight of (58.7±3.7) kg, and BMI of (20.0±1.5) kg/m 2; and 95 cases in the contrast group, with an age of (27.2±3.7) years, body weight of (53.3±3.4) kg, and BMI of (20.1±1.3) kg/m 2. There were no significant differences in age, body weight, and BMI among the three groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in the measurement values of indicators such as ∠Co-Go-Me, ∠Go-Me-Go, Go-Me/Co-Go, Go-Go/Co-Co, ∠t-go’-gn among the three groups ( P<0.01). The prominent group showed significant outward and posterior protrusion in the mandibular angle area compared with the contrast group in terms of ∠Co-Go-Me (111.69°±4.19° vs. 115.43°±3.01°), ∠Go-Me-Go (66.27°±4.51° vs. 64.19°±3.69°), and ∠t-go’-gn (126.13°±7.51° vs. 130.34°±7.21°) ( P<0.01). The attractive group showed significant differences compared with the contrast group in terms of ∠Co-Go-Me (121.61°±3.22° vs. 115.43°±3.01°), Go-Me/Co-Go (1.67±0.20 vs. 1.58±0.15), and ∠t-go’-gn (137.17°±7.57° vs. 130.34°±7.21°) ( P<0.01). The lower quartile of ∠Co-Go-Me in the prominent group was 110°, and the upper quartile of ∠GO-Me-Go was 72°, with a small overlap in the mode region compared with the other two groups. Three indicators, ∠Co-Go-Me ( D1), ∠Go-Me-Go ( D2), and Go-Me/Co-Go ( D3), were selected to establish Fisher discriminant functions. The Fisher discriminant function for prominent group was Z=0.237 D2-0.084 D1-5.813, with a discriminant rate of 60.3%, and for the attractive group was Z=0.257 D1-0.015 D3-28.610, with a Fisher discriminant rate of 85.3%. Conclusion:The ∠Co-Go-Me, ∠Go-Me-Go, ∠t-go’-gn, and other data in Shanghai female youth can be used to evaluate their mandibular contour morphology, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular angle prominent. The ∠Co-Go-Me of the mandibular aesthetic group should approach 122°, and ∠Co-Go-Me<110° and ∠Go-Me-Go>72° can be used as preliminary indicators for the diagnosis of mandibular angle prominent in prominent group, guiding clinical practice.

Objective:To use the least square method to curve fit the mandibular contours of Chinese women, obtain an ideal fitting function model, and explore the effectiveness of using mathematical curves for bone cutting line design in mandibular osteotomy.Methods:(1) Female cranial CT data were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University and Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center. The mandibular morphology of the CT reconstructed images was evaluated using the Likert scale, and samples were selected from individuals with mandibular angle hypertrophy, aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology, and aesthetically pleasing appearance after osteotomy as references. The Python platform Spyder module was used to analyze the curve fitting of mandibular contour morphology and the goodness of fitting was measured by the coefficient of determination R2( R2 ≥ 0.800 was considered acceptable for the fitted function, while R2≥ 0.900 was deemed sufficient to meet clinical application requirements). The fitting degree of polynomial functions, logarithmic functions, and other mathematical curves in the facial contours of individuals with aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology were analyzed to obtain an ideal mandibular contour curve fitting function model. (2) Patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy who underwent intraoral mandibular osteotomy from March 2020 to March 2021 at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were divided into a mathematical template group (guided by a mathematical curve-based bone cutting plan), a traditional template group (guided by traditional bone cutting templates), and a manual osteotomy group. Three-dimensional reconstruction technology was used to evaluate the efficacy postoperatively. Preoperative preparation time, bone cutting time, surgical time, and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups. Patient self-evaluation of surgical outcomes was assessed using the jawline component of the Face-Q questionnaire. Results:(1) A total of 205 female cranial CT data were selected, including 73 cases of mandibular angle hypertrophy, 32 cases of aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology, and 5 cases of aesthetically pleasing appearance after osteotomy as reference samples for mandibular contour curve fitting. The result showed that the third-degree polynomial function ( R2=0.918±0.027) and logarithmic function ( R2=0.930±0.039) could be used to simulate the mandibular contour morphology in individuals with aesthetically pleasing mandibular morphology. (2) The mathematical template group (using logarithmic function for bone cutting design), traditional template group, and manual osteotomy group included 28, 14, and 11 patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy, respectively. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative mandibular contour morphology and no complications such as deformity or significant asymmetry were observed. The mathematical template group outperformed the manual osteotomy group in terms of the total score of the jawline questionnaire, surgical time, and bone cutting time(all P<0.01). The preoperative preparation time in the mathematical template group was shorter than that in the traditional template group [(82.39±9.77) min vs. (97.07±17.49) min, P<0.01], and the jawline questionnaire evaluation showed that the patients in the mathematical template group had higher scores in evaluating the lateral view of the mandible and the smoothness of the lower facial contour compared to the traditional template group [3.75±0.44 vs. 3.14±0.36, 3.71±0.46 vs. 3.36±0.50, both P<0.05]. Conclusion:Curve fitting based on the least square method can be used to simulate mandibular angle osteotomy. Models such as logarithmic functions can be used for preoperative design of mandibular osteotomy and have advantages in terms of contour smoothness and symmetry after surgery. Bone cutting design based on mathematical curves can meet patient demands and aesthetic standards, providing precise and individualized solutions for surgery.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Guilu Erxianjiao on improving reproductive injury in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. MethodFifty-three SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups， with 1 group as the normal group and the other 4 groups as the modeling groups. Rats in the modeling groups were fed with a high-fat diet combined with 30 mg·kg^-1 streptozotocin （STZ） intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetes， with the random blood glucose >16.7 mmol·L^-1 for 3 consecutive times as the criteria for inclusion in the model of diabetic reproductive injury. The rats with diabetic reproductive injury were then randomly divided into a model group， a Guilu Erxianjiao group （2 g·kg^-1）， a Vitamin E group （0.03 g·kg^-1）， and a Wuzi Yanzong pill group （0.6 g·kg^-1） according to the blood glucose level. The rats were given the corresponding drug dose intragastric administration， once a day for 4 weeks， and their body weight and blood glucose were measured weekly. After 4 weeks， samples were collected for index determination. Morphological changes in testis and epididymis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and apoptosis of testis cells was observed by in situ end labeling （TUNEL） staining. Sperm concentration and motility were detected by the semen analyzer. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and testosterone （T） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The content of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， propylene glycol （MDA）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the testicular tissue was determined by ELISA. The expressions of nuclear respiratory factor-2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in the testicular tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the normal group， testicular tissue atrophy， decreased spermatogenic tubules， epididymal wall hyperplasia， and lumen stenosis were observed in the model group. Sperm concentration and motility decreased （P<0.01）， and serum levels of T， FSH， and LH decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. The content of ROS and MDA in the testis increased （P<0.01）， while that of SOD and GSH-Px decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. The expression of Bax increased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. As compared with the model group， the pathological changes in the testis and epididymis in the Guilu Erxianjiao group were improved to some extent. Sperm concentration and motility increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the Guilu Erxianjiao group， serum levels of T and LH increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FSH levels showed no significant difference. The content of ROS and MDA in the testis decreased （P<0.01）， while that of SOD and GSH-Px increased （P<0.01） in the Guilu Erxianjiao group. The expression of Bax decreased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the Guilu Erxianjiao group. ConclusionGuilu Erxianjiao improves the reproductive injury and sperm quality of diabetic rats to a certain extent， and the mechanism may be related to the improvement of oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis.

Wound repair is a common clinical problem, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and also brings a heavy burden to the society. Hydrogel-based multifunctional dressing has shown strong potential in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. In addition to its good histocompatibility, cell adhesion, and biodegradability, methacrylic anhydride gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel has also attracted much attention due to its low cost, mild reaction conditions, adjustable physicochemical properties, and wide clinical applications. In this paper, the characteristics of GelMA hydrogel and its research progress in wound repair are introduced, and the future development of multifunctional GelMA hydrogel dressing for wound treatment is prospected.
Humans ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Hydrogels ; Anhydrides ; Quality of Life ; Methacrylates/chemistry*

Objective:To establish and apply a new practical analytical method for identifying the fishy odor of Cordyceps based on headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS） technique. Method:The InertCap Pure-WAX capillary column （0.25 mm×30 m， 0.25 μm） was used for chromatographic separation. The injection port temperature was set at 250 ℃. The injection mode was split injection with a ratio of 5∶1. High purity helium was used as the carrier gas and control mode was set to constant pressure. The column flow rate was 1.43 mL∙min^-1， the linear velocity was 43.3 cm∙s^-1， and the purge flow rate was 3.0 mL∙min^-1. The chromatographic column temperature program as follows：maintained the initial temperature at 50 ℃ for 5 min， and increased the temperature at a rate of 10 ℃∙min^-1 to 250 ℃， held for 10 min. The column equilibrium time was 2.0 min. The ion source of mass spectrographic analysis was electron ionization with ion source temperature of 200 ℃， and the monitoring mode was set to multiple reaction monitoring. Result:Seven batches of Cordyceps samples were collected， including 3 batches from Sichuan， 3 batches from Qinghai and 1 batch from Tibet. There were six batches of counterfeits， including 3 batches from Sichuan， 2 batches from Guizhou and 1 batch in Xinjiang. A total of 81 volatile compounds were screened out in Cordyceps， which could be divided into 13 types （esters， ketones， aldehydes and others） according to the compound structure， indicating that the fishy odor of Cordyceps was a complex odor. There was no significant difference in the types of volatile compounds of Cordyceps from different regions， which suggested that these volatile compounds in Cordyceps produced in Tibet （Naqu）， Qinghai （Yushu and Guoluo） and Sichuan （Litang， Rangtang and Seda） were relatively consistent. However， the contents of some volatile compounds in Cordyceps produced in different regions were quite different， and 16 volatile compounds with significant difference were screened out， including 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate， γ-octalactone， hexyl acetate and others， those compounds maybe could been used as the quality markers for identification of regions of Cordyceps. There was a large difference in volatile compounds between Cordyceps and its counterfeits， and 34 volatile compounds were screened out， including ethyl acetate， acetophenone， 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and others， those compounds maybe could been used as the quality markers for authenticity identification of Cordyceps. Conclusion:In summary， the established method for identifying the fishy odor of Cordyceps in this paper has the characteristics of high sensitivity， accuracy and simplicity， which can provide reference for the analysis of volatile compounds in other Chinese herbal medicines.