Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder neoplastic polyps,to determine the proper surgical indications,and to understand more about the clinical characteristics of gallbladder adenoma.Methods The clinical data of 748 patients diagnosed to have polypoid lesion of gallbladder (PLG) and underwent cholecystectomy from January 1998 to December 2012 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among 748 patients,340 had abdominal symptoms.Postoperative histopathology showed non-neoplastic polyps (n =659),gallbladder adenoma (n =68),gallbladder cancer (n =15) and no polyps (n =6).The mean diameters of the nonneoplastic lesions and the neoplastic polyps were (9.38 ± 3.44) mm and (14.55 ± 5.71) mm,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The average age of the patients with non-neoplastic lesions was (44.14 ± 11.42) years and (47.39 ± 12.82) years in those with neoplastic polyps (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of solitary PLG was 41.4％ (253/611) and 59.59％ (47/79) for the non-neoplastic lesions and the neoplastic polyps respec tively (P ＜ 0.01).The size of PLG (13.34 ± 4.18 mm vs.20.07 ± 8.19 mm,P ＜ 0.05) and the age of the patient (45.78 ± 11.66 years vs.54.13 ± 15.82 years,P ＜0.05) between the gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer groups were significantly different.Gallbladder adenoma or dysplasia was identified in 66.7％ (10/15) of gal1bladder cancer specimens.Conclusions Patients with PLG and with abdominal symptoms,large size (≥ 10 mm),old age (≥50 y) and solitary polyp are indications for cholecystectomy.Gallbladder adenoma may develop to gallbladder cancer within 10 years.

Objective To evaluate the early effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system (Wallis system) in treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Methods From January 2008 to Jan-uary 2009,21 patients(23 intervertebral spaces) with early lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with Wallis system. Four intervertebral spaces of L_(3-4) 19 intervertebral spaces of L_(4-5). Observed the time of total operation and implantation,the blood loss,and early recovery. The patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were evaluated before and after operation. Results All patients were followed up for average (12.5 ± 0.4) months (7-18 months) after operation. The VAS and ODI scores at 7 days after operation dropped from (7.5 ± 1.5), (40.0 ± 2.0) scores before operation to (2.5 ± 0.5), (23.0 ± 1.5) scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion It is safe and easy to use Wallis system in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease, with the advantage of mini-invasion and early effect.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition on exposed and nonunion bones.

METHODSThe data of 12 cases of infected nonunion and exposed bone following open fracture treated in our hospital during the period of March 1998 to June 2008 were analysed. There were 10 male patients, 2 female patients, whose age were between 19-52 years and averaged 28 years. There were 10 tibial fractures and 2 femoral fractures. The course of diseases lasted for 12-39 months with the mean period of 19 months. All the cases were treated by the coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition.

RESULTSPrimary healing were achieved in 10 cases and delayed healing in 2 cases in whom the tibia was exposed due to soft tissue defect and hence local flap transposition was performed. All the 12 cases had bony union within 6-12 months after operation with the average time of 8 months. They were followed up for 1-3 years and all fractures healed up with good function and no infection recurrence.

CONCLUSIONThe coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition therapy have shown optimal effects on treating infected, exposed and nonunion bones.

Adult ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Hyperricum monogynum.

METHODCompounds were isolated by various column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis.

RESULTTen compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, 3,5-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-xanthone, 3,4-O-isopropylidenyl shikimic acid, shikimic acid, daucosterol, and oleanoic acid.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Hypericum ; chemistry ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore possible mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) for regulating immune function in anxiety disorder (AD) rats by observing the effect of acupuncture on the histology of thymus and expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR- A) in thymus.

METHODSTotally 34 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (n = 10), the model group (n = 12), the EA group (n = 12). Anxiety model was established in rats of the model group and the EA group by using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) stimulation. EA (15/25 Hz) at Neiguan (PC6) and Shenmen (HT7) was performed in the EA group, with 15-min needle retaining, once every other day, 15 days in total. Needle was fixed at same acupoints for 15 min without electric stimulus in the other two groups. Anxiety-like behavior was measured by elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Pathological changes of thymus tissue were observed by optical microscope. Expressions of ANP and NPR-A in thymus were measured by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSThe thymus tissue in the model group was severely atrophied, with unclear structure of thymic lobules, unclear margin of thymic medulla, loosely arranged lymphocytes ,and obviously enlarged volume of thymic corpuscle. The thymus tissue in the EA group was mildly atrophied, with existent structure of thymic lobules, clear margin of thymic medulla, densely arranged lymphocytes in cortical region, and widened medullary area. Com- pared with the blank control group, the percentage of open-arms entries (OE%) in the total QE times ob- viously decreased in the model group (P < 0.05), ANP expression obviously increased (P < 0.05), and NPR-A expression obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, OE% was obviously elevated (P < 0.05), ANP expression obviously decreased (P < 0.05), and NPR-A expression obviously increased (P < 0.01) in the EA group.

CONCLUSIONEA not only could reduce anxiety of rats, but also could improve chronic stress induced thymus injury through intervening synthesis and secretion of ANP, as well as the expression of NPR-A (a specific receptor of ANP).

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Anxiety Disorders ; therapy ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) combined with superficial needling for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to explore the synergy effect between acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) and superficial needling.

METHODSSixty patients with LDH were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with superficial needling at the corresponding myofascial fasciae trigger point (MTrP) and leave the plastic tube in the body for 6 hours, and then acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) and the needle was remained for 30 min. The control group was treated with superficial needling simply. Both groups were treated once daily, five days in succession with 2 days interval, 10 times constituting a treating course for 2 courses. The average onset time of analgesic effect and the effect-lasting time after the first treatment were observed. The mean pain scores after the first treatment and after two treatment courses were compared by McGill pain inquire scale.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the average onset time of the two groups [(5.10 +/- 3.70) min vs (5.93 +/- 5.09) min, P > 0.05]. But the effect-lasting time of (13.00 +/- 6.90) h in the observation group was longer than that of (6.27 +/- 3.98) h in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the scores of Pain Rating Index (PRI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Present Pain Intensity (PPI) after the first treatment, there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). But the same comparison after 2 treating courses showed that the scores of PRI, VAS and PPI in the observation group were lower than the control group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) can extend the analgesic time and enhance the analgesic effect of the superficial needling.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Back Pain ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the ratio of Th17 cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis. Based on the number of peripheral lymphocytes and treatment condition, the CLL patients were divided into 2 groups: untreated group (n = 30) and remission group (n = 15), the healthy control group (n = 20) was set up as well. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells of all cases were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that frequencies of CD3(+)CD4(+)T cells and Th17 cells were significantly higher in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the frequencies of CD3(+)CD8(+)T cells and Treg cells were significantly lower in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly higher in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of Th17 were not statistically different between remission and healthy control groups, the frequencies of Treg cells were significantly lower in remission group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly higher in remission group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), frequencies of Th17 cells were markedly lower in remission group than that in untreated group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that Th17/Treg imbalance exists in patients with CLL, which may play a key role in pathogenesis and development of CLL.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology

Objective:To explore the psychological status of female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy before and after receiving mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) using psychological measurement methods.Methods:The study included 36 female patients (age ranged 18-35 years, with mean age of 23 years) who underwent bilateral mandibular angle osteotomy at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical University. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the patients′ psychological status before and after surgery. SPSS 18.0 was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative data with the national norms.Results:According to the SCL-90 questionnaire, the scores of the six factors, including obsessive-compulsive symptoms (2.24±0.43 vs. 1.62±0.58, P<0.01), interpersonal sensitivity (1.85±0.46 vs. 1.65±0.61, P=0.02), depression (1.91±0.43 vs. 1.50±0.59, P<0.01), anxiety (1.75±0.42 vs. 1.39±0.43, P<0.01), hostility (1.86±0.45 vs. 1.46±0.55, P<0.01), and paranoia (2.18±0.46 vs. 1.43±0.57, P<0.01) of patients before surgery were significantly higher than the national norms. One month after surgery, there was a significant improvement in SAS and SDS scores compared to preoperative scores ( t=8.0, 10.4, P<0.01). The SAS score decreased from 43.0±9.8 to 37.5±6.8, and the SDS score decreased from 47.1±10.6 to 39.4±7.5. There was no statistically significant difference in the depression and anxiety indices of SCL-90 compared to the national norms ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Mandibular angle osteotomy significantly improves the psychological health of female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy and can alleviate the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

BACKGROUNDChemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) was recently identified as a novel cytokine. The full-length CKLF1 cDNA contains 530 bp encoding 99 amino acid residues with a CC motif similar to that of other CC family chemokines. Recombinant CKLF1 exhibits chemotactic activity on leucocytes and stimulates proliferation of murine skeletal muscle cells. We questioned whether CKLF1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and proliferation in the lung. Therefore we used efficient in vivo gene delivery method to investigate the biological effect of CKLF1 in the murine lung.

METHODSCKLF1-expressing plasmid, pCDI-CKLF1, was constructed and injected into the skeletal muscles followed by electroporation. Lung tissues were obtained at the end of week 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively after injection. The pathological changes in the lungs were observed by light microscope.

RESULTSA single intramuscular injection of CKLF1 plasmid DNA into BALB/c mice caused dramatic pathological changes in the lungs of treated mice. These changes included peribronchial leukocyte infiltration, epithelial shedding, collagen deposition, proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and fibrosis of the lung.

CONCLUSIONSThe sustained morphological abnormalities of the bronchial and bronchiolar wall, the acute pneumonitis and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis induced by CKLF1 were similar to phenomena observed in chronic persistent asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome. These data suggest that CKLF1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these important diseases and the study also implies that gene electro-transfer in vivo could serve as a valuable approach for evaluating the function of a novel gene in animals.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Cell Movement ; Chemokines ; genetics ; physiology ; Electroporation ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of nateglinide, a new antidiabetic agent, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

METHODSA total of 219 treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes from 6 centers were enrolled in this study and blindly divided into nateglinide group (n = 105) and repaglinide group (n = 114). In all patients, the disease was confirmed for at least three months. The whole observation lasted for 12 weeks. The efficacy indicators measured include glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and the safety parameters measured included renal and hepatic function, serum lipids, and blood and urea profiles.

RESULTSSimilar decreases in fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1 c were found in both nateglinide group and repaglinide group without significant differences. No severe adverse events were noted. The hypoglycemia event reports were not significantly different between these two groups.

CONCLUSIONNateglinide is an effective and safe drug in treating type 2 diabetes.

Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Cyclohexanes ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenylalanine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome