AIMTo investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract (MPE) in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice.

METHODSOral treatment of lupeol (1 mg/animal) and MPE (1 mL [20% w/v]/animal) was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone (5 mg/kg body weight) consecutively for 15 days. At the end of the study period, the prostate was dissected out for the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase).

RESULTSIn testosterone treated animals, increased ROS resulted in depletion of antioxidant enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse prostate. However, lupeol/MPE treatment resulted in a decrease in ROS levels with restoration in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes.

CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that lupeol/MPE are effective in combating oxidative stress-induced cellular injury of mouse prostate. Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase ; metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mangifera ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Prostate ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; administration & dosage ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage

Background: The influence of smoking on nonsyndromic clefts has been a topic of research for many years. However, few studies have investigated the effect of smoking on causing clefts in different gene pools. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted of case-control studies related to smoking. Keywords such as “clefts,” “cleft lip,” “cleft palate,” “orofacial cleft,” and “smoking” were used to search the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: In total, 51 articles were reviewed. The RevMan software was utilized for the analysis, and the Mantel-Haenszel method was employed to pool the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Although the overall OR, a measure of the association between exposure and outcome, was higher for smokers than for non-smokers, this association was significantly stronger in individuals from Asia and South America (1.73), and lowest in Europe (1.31). Among active and passive smokers in Asia, the OR was approximately 0.93, indicating an equivalent impact from both types of smoking. Conclusion This analysis indirectly suggests that restriction measures targeting both active and passive smoking are crucial in Asia.