The paper introduces the background and feasibility of transforming the international standard ISO 23908:2011 , introduces catheters and needles used for blood sampling and gives a rough interpretation of the main content. Based on these analyses, the paper provides some suggestions for this product on standardization.
Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries

BACKGROUND: Nurses are often exposed to needlestick and sharp-object injuries (NSIs). This study aimed to investigate the post-exposure reporting rate of NSIs among nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 84 nurses from 4 hospitals (3 hospitals with 300 or more beds and 1 hospital with less than 300 beds) who had experienced at least 1 NSI within a 6-month period. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire, which was based on the EPINet report form and a questionnaire for NSIs among resident physicians, which was used by Choi et al. Data were collected between April 9 and June 15, 2009, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, which was performed using SPSS with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Among the 84 nurses who had experienced at least 1 NSI within 6 months, only 14.3% had reported the NSIs, and 58.4% of these subjects reported the NSI immediately after sustaining the injury. The most common reason for not reporting was "the patients were found out to be uninfectious" (81.9%) followed by "too busy" (65.3%). The incidence of post-exposure reporting was negatively related to the number of NSIs (chi-square=13.871, p<0.001) and positively related to assessments of infectivity of the patients (chi-square=4.248, P=0.039) and other persons' recommendations to report NSIs (chi-square=4.092, P=0.043). CONCLUSION: The post-exposure reporting rate was very low. The factors responsible for this low rate should be investigated in a more systematic manner, and more measures should be undertaken to increase the reporting rate among nurses.
Humans ; Incidence ; Needlestick Injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and needlestick injury the nurses at a University hospital in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 256 (53.8%) were regarded as being reliable data for analyses. We estimated the relation of job stress to needlestick injury using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five nurses (64.5%) had suffered at least one needlestick injury (included sharp injuries) during the previous year. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the high job control group was less likely than the other group to experience needlestick injury (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.27-0.97). Job demand and social support, however, were unrelated to needlestick injury. The high job strain group was more likely to experience needlestick injury (OR=2.57, CI=1.13-5.83) than the low job strain group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results tend to suggest that nurses who were in the low job control or high job strain status were more likely to suffer a high rate of needlestick injury.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Incheon ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels in student nurse of knowledge, compliance and risk factor recognition for needlestick injuries. METHOD: Nine hundred and thirty eight(938) student nurse from 3 universities and 3 junior colleges participated in this study. Completed questionnaires were collected between October and November 2004. They were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics and chi2-test, t-test with the SAS program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of participants between the two groups - Needlestick Injury(NSI) group and non-Needlestick Injury(non-NSI) group. The scores for knowledge levels of treatment after needlestick injuries and the risk factor recognition level were significantly higher in the NSI group. The scores for performance level as to handling and using needles after needlestick injuries were significantly higher in the non-NSI group. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop a preventive program to decrease the needlestick injury rate among student nurse.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors*

PURPOSE: This study was done to understand nursing students' exposure of needlestick and sharp injuries (NSSI), level of anxiety as well as experience of practicing injection with human beings during Fundamentals of Nursing (FN) practice. METHODS: Data consisted of self-report questionnaires completed by 571 nursing students who had completed an injection practice in FN. The questionnaire included questions on general characteristics, exposure to NSSI, experience of practicing injections with human beings, level of anxiety and other experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. RESULTS: Of the students, 17.5% experienced NSSI and 83.2% performed invasive injection procedures in the FN practice. The level of anxiety was 4.62–6.46/10 points when injecting a classmate and 1.27–1.93/10 points when using manikins. The feeling most often reported was worried about making a mistake that could hurt my classmate (57.2%). CONCLUSION: Nursing students are exposed to NSSI and experience a high degree of anxiety in invasive injection practice. These results indicate that it is necessary to develop and implement standardized NSSI prevention and anxiety reduction programs in FN.
Anxiety* ; Humans* ; Manikins ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Background: The most frequent hospital-related work injury is needle stick injury (NSI) that is likely to be experienced by most of the trainees during their residency, but not reported. Physicians under residency training were surveyed to identify the factors associated with non-reporting behavior of NSI according to health belief model. Methods: We surveyed 463 residents in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Korea. A questionnaire on experiencing NSI, reporting behavior and the reasons for reporting behavior as done and collected between June and July 2004 via hospital groupware, AMCnet. The questionnaire was based on health belief model. Results: The e-mail questionnaire survey was received by 322 resident physicians and was completed by 43.8% (141). Among the responders, 88.7% (125) answered to have experienced needle stick injuries, and only 40% (50) had ever reported the incidence of NSI. The years of training, the infectivity of the patient in whom the needle was used, reporting mechanism or requirement and efficacy expectation were statistically significant factors for non-reporting behavior. Conclusion: The majority of the resident physicians did not report their NSI, and the variables affecting their underreporting behavior were evaluated by the health belief model. From this study, we learned that as the susceptibility of infection, the knowledge of reporting requirement and mechanism, and their expectation for the efficacies of reporting were higher, the reporting rate of their needle stick injury was likely to be higher as well.
Electronic Mail ; Hospitals, Teaching* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Needles* ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In the treatment of maxillofacial surgery, proper intermaxillary fixation is very important in improving bone union and restoration of normal occlusion. Bone screws are placed bicortically in predrilled holes in the maxilla and mandible are commonly used for temporary intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of maxillofacial surgery. Their main advantages are that they are quick and easy to place and remove, save operating time; they reduce the risk of needle-stick injury; they can be used with heavily restored teeth. However, several authors report damage to the roots of teeth in placing these screws with drills and shearing of the screw head. To overcome these disadvantages, a drill-free screw that is self-drilling and self-tapping has been applied. From August, 2003 to May, 2004 drill free scerws have been used in total 11 patients with variable maxillofacial surgery. No complications from the use of these screws were encounterd. Compared with intermaxillary fixation method using predrilled intermaxillary screws, this method is useful, because this method do not cause damage to the roots of teeth and shearing off the screw head.
Bone Screws ; Head ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Needlestick Injuries ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

The incidence of AIDS and related disorders continues to rise sharply these days and anesthesologists may expect to encounter such patients more and more frequently during the performance of routine procedures on the seemingly healthy and during indicated procedures on the sick. AIDS is a disease for which there is no cure, and thus prevention becomes even more important. However, the dangers of this disorder should not be exaggerated. We experienced one case of a subcutaneous injury during spinal anesthesia caused by a stylet of an infected asymptomatic carrier. Postexposure prophylaxis was performed with zidobudine and lamibudine, and enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) testing for medical personnel has been repeated three times during last 6 months.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; HIV* ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Incidence ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis*

OBJECTIVE: To establish the safest approach to needle electrode insertion into the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) regarding possible needle injury to the superficial radial nerve (SRN) or radial artery by ultrasonography. METHODS: We evaluated 54 forearms of 27 healthy subjects. Three levels were defined in the forearm. Level 1 is the junction of the middle and distal third of the forearm, level 3 is the midpoint of forearm length, and level 2 is the midpoint between two levels. At each level, the distance between the most prominent point of the radius and the SRN (region A), the distance between the SRN and the radial artery (region B), and the depth from the skin surface to the FPL were measured. RESULTS: The distance of region A was 1.20+/-0.41 cm in level 1, 1.62+/-0.45 cm in level 2, and 1.95+/-0.49 cm in level 3. The distance of region B was 1.02+/-0.29 cm in level 1, 0.61+/-0.24 cm in level 2, and 0.37+/-0.19 cm in level 3. The depth from the skin surface to the FPL was 0.92+/-0.20 cm in level 1, 1.14+/-0.26 cm in level 2, and 1.45+/-0.29 cm in level 3. CONCLUSION: The safest needle insertion point to the FPL is the middle of the forearm within approximately 0.8 cm from the most prominent point of the radius. We recommend that the needle is inserted at the above point perpendicular to the skin surface until the needle meets the FPL at a depth of approximately 1.45 cm from the skin surface.
Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Forearm ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries ; Radial Artery ; Radial Nerve ; Radius ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a prevention program for needle-stick injuries among health care workers who have a high occupational risk of such injuries, and to analyze the effect of the program on the subjects' knowledge regarding such injuries and compliance with protocols, as well as the incidence of needle-stick injuries among subjects. METHODS: The subjects of this study were nurses (RNs) and nurse's aides (NAs) working at a university hospital in Daegu. The data were collected by conducting surveys and determining the incidence of needle-stick injuries during a 1-year period before the application of the program. The program consisted of preventive education on needle-stick injury, the use of standardized boxes to measure blood sugar test, and the use of intravenous catheters with safety needles. Six months after the intervention, surveys were conducted to analyze the incidence of needle-stick injuries. The data on knowledge and compliance related to needle-stick injuries before and after program application were analyzed using the paired t-test, and data on the incidence of injuries were analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The scores on knowledge (RN, P<0.001; NA, P=0.007) and compliance (RN, P<0.001; NA, P=0.038) were significantly higher after the intervention than before. However, the number of reports on the incidence of needle-stick injuries before and after the intervention were not significantly different (RN, P=0.691; NA, P=0.079). CONCLUSION: The prevention program for needle-stick injuries was effective in improving the knowledge and compliance related to needle-stick injuries among RNs and NAs, but the number of reports on the incidence of injuries showed no difference. Therefore, the prevention program must be reevaluated and further developed after continuously monitoring and analyzing it in a hospital setting in order to decrease the incidence of needle-stick injuries.
Blood Glucose ; Catheters ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Incidence ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries ; Nurses' Aides ; Plant Extracts