There are many methods of conservative treatment for early non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head, but still lack of a mature and effective treatment. Gene therapy is a new treatment method for non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head in recent years. This article showed that the non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head related to progress and problems on pathogenesy, molecular biology foundation, exogenous theoretical gene,carrier selection and so on, discussed some problems and countermeasure and future applications.
Femur Head Necrosis ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans

Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factors

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Necrosis* ; Radiotherapy* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

Chemotherapy has long been considered as one of useful strategies for cancer treatment. It is primarily based on the apoptosis that can selectively kill cancer cells. However, cancer cells can progressively develop an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death, rendering refractory to chemo- and radiotherapies. Although the mechanism by which cells attained resistance to drug remains to be clarified, it might be caused by either pumping out of them or interfering with apoptotic signal cascades in response to cancer drugs. In case that cancer cells are defective in some part of apoptotic machinery by repeated exposure to anticancer drugs, alternative cell death mechanistically distinct from apoptosis could be adopted to remove cancer cells refractory to apoptosis-inducing agents. This review will mainly deal with harnessing of necrotic cell death, specifically, programmed necrosis and practical uses. Here, we begin with various defects of apoptotic death machinery in cancer cells, and then provide new perspective on programmed necrosis as an alternative anticancer approach.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Drug Therapy ; Necrosis* ; Radiotherapy

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the worldwide procedure performed for patients with various stage hepatoceullar carcinoma (HCC), but is not yet considered as curative treatment because of relatively high local recurrence rate. Moreover, many clinicians frequently experience treatment failure (incomplete necrosis or stage progression etc.) after repeated TACE, but no clear guidelines have been recommended about salvage treatment modalities for this situation. Recently, studies for combination of radiation therapy and TACE for HCC with TACE refractoriness have been tried and reported better therapeutic efficacy. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient with macrovascular invasion developed after repeated TACE that achieve complete remission by stereotactic body radiation therapy. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy, is necessary on how to manage HCC patients with TACE refractoriness.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Recurrence ; Salvage Therapy ; Treatment Failure

The Chinese investigators separated bullet wounds into three zones in the beginning of 1980s: a primary wound tract, a contusion zone adjacent to prinary wound tract, and a concussion zone neighboring the contusion zone. Basing on the research results by MRI scan and pathological observation, the author and his coworkers recently proposed that the gunshot wounds should be divided into four consecutive zones: a primary wound tract, a zone of coagulative necrosis, a zone of muscle disruption, and a zone of muscle distortion. A zone of coagulative necrosis plus a zone of muscle disruption equals to a contusion zone, they are separately named because the former is irreversibly devitalized and the latter still has the ability to recover. The sectionalized method shows the range of debridement and provide reference for the conservative treatment or thoroughly debridement. However, the mechanism of each zone need to be further studied.
Debridement ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Wounds, Gunshot ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy

PURPOSE: The current study was designed to evaluate the ability of thallium-201 scintigraphy to predict the response to preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing changes in thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve osteosarcoma patients were included in this study. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed before and after preoperative chemotherapy, and the degree of tumor necrosis was estimated by histologic mapping postoperatively. To quantitatively determine thallium uptake, we drew a region of interest on the tumor side and on the contralateral normal side as a mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the gamma count in the tumor side by that of the normal side. We calculated these percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in the early and delayed phases, and compared these to the corresponding tumor necrosis ratio. RESULTS: Percent changes in the thallium uptake ratio were found to be correlated with the tumor necrosis ratio (p<0.03). This correlation was found in both the early (p<0.03) and delayed phase (p<0.03); moreover the correlation coefficient in early phase (0.79) was greater than that in the delayed phase (0.67). CONCLUSION: Thallium-201 scintigraphy could be effective at predicting the response to preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Thallium

We report a clinical case of type Ⅲ dens invaginatus with endodontic-periodontal lesion in a maxillary lateral incisor. The palatal radicular anomaly predisposed the tooth to periodontal lesions. The caries along the palatal groove caused tooth pulp necrosis and periapical lesions. By means of microscopic root canal therapy, apical surgery, and guided periodontal tissue regeneration, the apical and periodontal infection were controlled, and the affected tooth was retained.
Dens in Dente ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Humans ; Incisor ; Root Canal Therapy

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical character, diagnosis and treatment of badly necrotic pyogenic infection in cervical part with pneumatosis of vomica.

METHODSThe clinical character, diagnosis and treatment of badly necrotic pyogenic infection in cervical part with pneumatosis of vomica of 46 cases were investigated retrospectively.

RESULTSLateral and bilateral neck infection cases were 38 and 8 respectively. 30 cases formed primary pyogenic infection in cervical part with pneumatosis of vomica, and 16 did from adjacent sites. Besides the characters of the acute infection, gas storage in deep cervical part abscess was notable. CT and B Ultrasonic examination provided useful informations such as sizes, shapes, capacity, extents of abscess and the relationship between the abscess and vessel or vital organ. Diagnosis puncture and germiculture were performed before and after operation. The results showed that 25 of 46 cases were infected by staphylococcus or streptococcus, and 21 cases did by other bacterium. Exploration and drainage treatments were performed. All cases were cured except 2 died.

CONCLUSIONDiagnostic puncture, CT and/or B Ultrasonic examination are essential for diagnosis and presurgical planning. Germiculture provides reliable evidence for finding pathogeny and therapy. The most possibilities of pyogenic infection with pneumatosis of vomica in cervical part are the action of aerogenic bacterium, infection both in cervical part and chest or swallowing movement of pharynx.

Abscess ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Cysts ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Neck ; pathology ; Necrosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Drugs play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, but the complex biological processes of cancer cells seriously limit the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. Autophagy, a self-degradative system that maintains cellular homeostasis, universally operates under normal and stress conditions in cancer cells. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are still controversial because both stimulation and inhibition of autophagy have been reported to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Thus, the important question arises as to whether we should try to strengthen or suppress autophagy during cancer therapy. Currently, autophagy can be divided into four main forms according to its different functions during cancer treatment: cytoprotective (cell survival), cytotoxic (cell death), cytostatic (growth arrest), and nonprotective (no contribution to cell death or survival). In addition, various cell death modes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, all contribute to the anticancer effects of drugs. The interaction between autophagy and these cell death modes is complex and can lead to anticancer drugs having different or even completely opposite effects on treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying contexts in which autophagy inhibition or activation will be beneficial or detrimental. That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Humans ; Necrosis/drug therapy* ; Neoplasms/therapy*