Deep neck infections (DNI) have a propensity to spread rapidly along the interconnected deep neck spaces and compromise the airway, cervical vessels and spinal canal. The value of imaging lies in delineating the anatomical extent of the disease process, identifying the source of infection and detecting complications. Its role in the identification and drainage of abscesses is well known. This paper pictorially illustrates infections of important deep neck spaces. The merits and drawbacks of imaging modalities used for assessment of DNI, the relevant anatomy and the possible sources of infection of each deep neck space are discussed. Certain imaging features that alter the management of DNI have been highlighted.
Abscess ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drainage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Soft Tissue Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To explore the feasibility and safety of the gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients underwent gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from February 2022 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 18 were females and 2 were males, aged (38.7±8.0) years old. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, postoperative swallowing function swallowing impairment score-6 (SIS-6), postoperative aesthetic VAS score, postoperative voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) voice quality, postoperative pathology and complications were recorded. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The operations were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery in all patients. Pathological examination showed papillary thyroid carcinoma in 18 cases, retrosternal nodular goiter in 1 case, and cystic change in goiter in 1 case. The operative time for thyroid cancer was 161.50 (152.75, 182.50) min [M (P₂₅, P₇₅), the same below] and the average operative time for benign thyroid diseases was 166.50 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss 25.00 (21.25, 30.00) ml. In 18 cases of thyroid cancer, the mean diameter of the tumors was (7.22±2.02) mm, and lymph nodes (6.56±2.14) were dissected in the central region, with a lymph node metastasis rate of 61.11%. The postoperative pain VAS score was 3.00 (2.25, 4.00) points at 24 hours, the mean postoperative drainage volume was (118.35±24.32) ml, the postoperative hospital stay was 3.00 (3.00, 3.75) days, the postoperative SIS-6 score was (4.90±1.58) points at 3 months, and the postoperative VHI-10 score was 7.50 (2.00, 11.00) points at 3 months. Seven patients had mild mandibular numbness, 10 patients had mild cervical numbness, and 3 patients had temporary hypothyroidism three months after surgery and 1 patient had skin flap burn, but recovered one month after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative aesthetic effects, and the postoperative aesthetic VAS score was 10.00 (10.00, 10.00). Conclusion: Gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension is a safe and feasible option with good postoperative aesthetic effect, which can provide a new treatment option for some selected patients with thyroid tumors.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Thyroidectomy/adverse effects* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Hypesthesia/surgery* ; Neck Dissection/adverse effects* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Pain, Postoperative/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology*

Chronic neck and arm pain or cervicobrachialgia commonly occurs with the degeneration of cervical spine. Authors investigated the usefulness of radiofrequency (RF) neurotomies of cervical medial branches in patients with cervicobrachialgia and analyzed the factors which can influence the treatment outcome. Demographic data, types of pain distribution, responses of double controlled blocks, electrical stimulation parameters, numbers and levels of neurotomies, and surgical outcomes were evaluated after mean follow-up of 12 months. Pain distribution pattern was not significantly correlated with the results of diagnostic blocks. Average stimulation intensity was 0.45 V, ranging from 0.3 to 0.69, to elicit pain response in cervical medial branches. The most common involvement of nerve branches was C4 (89%), followed by C5 (82%), C6 (75%), and C7 (43%). Among total of 28 patients, nineteen (68%) reported successful outcome according to outcome criteria after 6 months of followup (p=0.001), and eight (42%) of 19 patients reported complete relief (100%) of pain. Four patients showed recurrence of pain between 6 and 12 months. It was therefore concluded that cervical medial branch neurotomy is considered useful therapeutic modality for the management of cervicobrachialgia in selected patients, particularly in degenerative zygapophyseal disorders.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Back Pain/etiology/surgery ; Brachial Plexus/pathology/*surgery ; Brachial Plexus Neuritis/complications/diagnosis/*surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Electrosurgery/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain/etiology/surgery ; Nerve Block/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation/*methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the method, safety and short-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) for benign solid thyroid nodule (BSTN).

METHODSThe treatment group consisting of 12 patients with single BSTN were treated with ultrasound-guided PLA. After treatment, the size and blood flow signals in conventional ultrasonography, the ablation extent of lesions in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and the related complications and thyroid function were assessed in comparison with the the baseline. A control group including 12 untreated patients with single BSTN was followed-up in the same manner as in the treatment group.

RESULTSIn the treatment group, all the 12 patients completed the treatment successfully. During the follow-up, the volume of the nodules was reduced gradually (P<0.05), and blood flow signals in the nodules disappeared. Eleven nodules were non-enhanced in CEUS immediately after the treatment, and the complete ablation rate was 91.7%. During the operation, 3 patients complained of intolerable pain, which was ameliorated or totally relieved after appropriate treatment. The thyroid function showed no significant changes after the treatment (P>0.05). The control group followed up for 6 months showed no significant changes in the nodule volume or thyroid function in comparison with the baseline (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONUltrasound-guided PLA is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment of BSTN without obvious adverse effect on thyroid function.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; etiology ; Pilot Projects ; Thyroid Gland ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics and treatment of flexion-distraction stage I injuries in subaxial cervical spine.

METHODSTwelve cases of flexion-distraction stage I injuries with delayed symptoms, admitted in our hospital between January 1995 and December 2004, were studied retrospectively. In acute phase, all of 12 cases had neck pain and limited neck movements, neurological deficits were found in 6 of 12 cases. Eight cases had a correct diagnosis, and 2 cases had a error diagnosis, 2 cases missed. All cases were satisfactory by the primary conservative treatment. After 274 days average asymptomatic intervals, all of 12 cases had recurrence of neck pain, delayed neurological deficits were found in 10. MRI showed that all of 12 cases were unstable injuries.

RESULTSAll of the 12 patients were treated operatively. Decompression, fusion and fixation were performed by anterior approach in 9 cases, and by combined anterior and posterior approach in 3 cases. The average follow-up period was 33.1 months. Neck pain had great recovery in all cases, 10 cases with neurological deficits, 7 returned normal. Radiographic evidences of intervertebral bony fusion and good cervical alignment were observed in all of 12 cases.

CONCLUSIONSFlexion-distraction stage I injuries is often caused by ligament and disc injuries, and often missed with subtle symptoms and radiographic changes. Inadequate primary treatment options are often due to failure to recognize the instability, and maybe result in delayed injuries. MRI is helpful for the early accurate evaluation of spinal stability. Unstable injury require early surgical treatment. The anterior approach operation is recommended to most of these patients with acute and old injuries. Combined anterior and posterior approach operation should be considered in these patients who have old injuries with stiff kyphosis.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Injuries ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Time Factors