No abstract available.
Asthma ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

We present a case of an anesthetic gas leak through the valve of the Selectatec back bar during a surgical procedure. The Selectatec Vaporizing System is a quick-change system consisting of anesthetic vaporizers of the 'Tec models' of the Ohmeda machine that are seated on a compatibility manifold block located on the back bar of the anesthetic machine. In order to prevent a leak and a failure of vapor delivery, the "Tec models series" can only be turned 'on' when the locking lever is turned to the 'lock' position. However in this case, the control knob was rotated despite the back bar locking mechanism not being engaged, and a gas leak developed through the unlocked valves in Selectatec back bar. The Penlon Sigma Delta Anesthetic Vaporizer (sevoflurane) in a Datex-Ohmeda Aestiva/5 anesthesia machine can be turned 'on' when the locking lever is maintained at the 'unlock' position.
Anesthesia ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers*

One of the most popular types of vaporizer mounting sytems is Selectatec, as it possesses a simple detachment mechanism. Detachable units can loosen between the vaporizer and anesthetic machine, which can cause vapor leakage. A locking system was subsequently developed to prevent this issue; however, we report a case of an unexpected vapor leakage from a locked vaporizer.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Inhalation ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Taxi drivers are exposed to vehicular exhaust aerosols which are a major source of atmospheric lead pollution in Korea where lead additives are incorporated in petrol. To investigate the blood lead concentration, their correlation factors and influences on taxi drivers, samples were collected from 90 taxi drivers who were living in the Taegu City, during August, 1989. Blood lead concentration was estimated by the atomic absoption spectrophotometer (IL.551) equipped with flameless furnace atomizer (IL.665). The results were analyzed statistically and compared with control group were 26.34 +/- 6.53 microgram/dl and 20.77 +/- 4.80 microgram/dl respectively (p<0.01). No significant correlation was observed between the blood lead concentration of taxi drivers and driver career (r=0.093). There were no difference of statistical significance in the blood lead concentration of smokers and nonsmokers.
Aerosols ; Daegu* ; Korea* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Equipment Design ; Humans ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

PURPOSE: We assessed the dynamic characteristics of 16 nebulizer/compressor combinations currently available in Korea. METHODS: The 16 nebulizer/compressor combinations(Pariboy Type 38/Long life, Pariboy Type N/ Long life, Pariboy Type N/Salter 8900, Pariboy Type N/LC, Devilbiss pulmoaid-LT/Hudson, Devilbiss pulmoaid/Hudson, Mesmed neb-300/Own, San-up 3040/Hudson, Midas(Basic)/Own, AirJolie 2/ Hudson, Thomas 1127/Salter 8900, Noel NE-2000/Salter 8900, Omron CX3/Hudson, Chang Woo CWN-100/Salter 8900, Voyage/Mefar, Chang Woo ASI-Pro/Medel jet pulse) were evaluated in terms of particle size and mass output. In addition, we determined the effects of nebulizer fill volume on mass output. RESULTS: Pariboy Type N/Long life has the highest respirable mass of 0.184 mg/min and Mesmed Neb-300/Own has the lowest 0.019 mg/min. Pariboy Type N/Long life has the highest mass output of 0.68 mg/min and the shortest mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) of 3.76 m. All combinations other than Pariboy Type N/Long life produced a MMAD of over 5 m. MMAD over a 5 min nebulization ranged 3.76 to 9.83 m. There were no significant effects of fill volume on mass output. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that there is a wide variation in performance of nebulizer/compressor combinations. The characteristics of nebulizer/compressor combinations should be considered in selecting products.
Korea* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Particle Size ; Respiratory Therapy

The Selectatec mounting system was devised to provide easy and quick on-site fitting of various vaporizers for the anesthetic machine. However, a quick changing system for the vaporizer can also damage the O-ring due to friction between the vaporizer and the Selectatec back bar. We herein report a case of an unexpected anesthetic gas leakage from a damaged O-ring on the Selectatec back bar, which resulted from exchanging the vaporizers between two operations. In cases using the Datex Ohmeda machine, it is not easy to detect leakages from the vaporizers because of the location of the check valve near to the fresh gas outlet. This complicates the use of the positive pressure leakage test to detect a low pressure system leakage on the Selectatec back bar. We recommend the preanesthetic negative pressure or low-flow leakage test to detect a low pressure leakage when exchanging vaporizers on the Selectatec system.
Friction ; Intraoperative Awareness ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Spirometry

Child ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; therapy ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

PURPOSE: It is very important to compare the particle size and total output from inhalation devices for standardization of bronchial provocation test. METHODS: Total output (mass output, salt output) from 4 nebulizer/compressor combination (LC plus/Pari-boy, Long life/Pari-boy, Pulmoaid/Pulmoaid, DeVilbiss/DeVilbiss) which were charged with 2 mL of 0.9% normal saline was measured. Aerosol particle size was measured directly using laser diffraction by Marvern Master Sizer and by evaluating Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). RESULTS: The LC plus nebulizer had the highest output rate and delivered the largest particles. The Maximal output rates of the 3 nebulizer/compressor combination was half that LC plus /Pari-boy combination. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it might be different in mass output and particle size by inhalation devices. These differences can influence to the results of bronchial provocation test such as FEV1. We emphasizes that it is necessary to standardize the total output and particle size from each inhalation devices to perform and interpretate the results of bronchial provocation test.
Bronchial Provocation Tests* ; Inhalation* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers* ; Particle Size*