PURPOSE: To develop nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility. METHODS: A total of 201 nurses in charge of infertility health services in 4 infertility hospitals and 1 public health center were enrolled for this study. The scale was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's α. RESULTS: Nurses' educational needs scale for women with infertility consisted of 41 items. Three factors (education for disease and symptom of infertility, supporting and counselling for infertility patients, and education for daily life of infertile patients) explained 63.7% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Its items could be used to assess the level of educational needs for nurses in charge of infertility health services.
Education ; Female ; Health Services ; Humans ; Infertility ; Needs Assessment ; Public Health ; Reproducibility of Results

Background and Objectives: Thyrohyoid syndrome is rare disease characterized by unilateral chronic neck pain on hyoid bone area. Currently, local triamcinolone injection was widely used, but oral steroid treatment was rarely tried. We compared the oral steroid and triamcinolone injection for the thyrohyoid syndrome. Subjects and Method Patients who had unilateral pain and tenderness at thyrohyoid membrane were enrolled while excluding those with other diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux, by physical exam and history taking. Patients were treated with oral steroid (n=15) and local triamcinolone injection (n=11); pain scores based on the pretreatment and post-treatment numeric rating scale (NRS)-11 were compared between the groups. Results: Patients with thyrohyoid syndrome were comorbid with globus (42.3%), sore throat (19.2%), and radiating pain (15.4%). In the oral steroid group, posttreatment pain scores (4.0± 2.2) significantly improved (p=0.001) more than pretreatment pain scores (7.7±1.2). In the triamcinolone injection group, posttreatment pain scores (2.3±1.7) also significantly improved (p=0.003) more than pretreatment scores (7.5±1.4). None of the patients revealed treatment related complications. Pretreatment scores were not significantly different, but post-treatment scores wre significantly better in the triamcinolone injection group than in the oral steroid group (p=0.047). Conclusion Oral steroid treatment could be easily performed and have significant effects for patients with thyrohyoid syndrome. Local triamcinolone injection was more effective than oral steroid treatment.

Vallecular cyst consisted of a unilocular cystic mass of variable size arising from the lingual surface of the epiglottis and containing clear fluid is a rare occurrence in children. Although a cyst is benign, it may cause serious airway obstruction and even death if not treated appropriately. Also, laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly that causes inspiratory stridor and airway obstruction in the newborn. Symptoms typically begin to appear at around 2 to 3 weeks of age and become worse between 4 and 8 months. With a review of literature, we report two cases of vallecular cyst with symptomatic laryngomalacia in a 1-month-old female and a 2-month-old male. Both patients experienced symptom relief after undergoing endoscopic supraglottoplasty.

Patients who undergo total laryngectomy often experience difficulties with their voice, olfaction, and taste due to the lack of airflow through nasal and oral cavities. While voice rehabilitation is more commonly performed, olfactory rehabilitation has gained importance in recent times with the use of various techniques. Previous studies have shown that incidence of hyposmia or anosmia (partial or total loss of smell) after total laryngectomy ranges from 25% to 100%. However, after olfactory rehabilitation, there has been notable improvement in olfaction, ranging from 46% to 88% of the patients. There are two main techniques for olfactory rehabilitation. The first involves creating airflow for smelling purposes by connecting the oral or nasal cavity to the tracheostoma using prosthetic laryngeal bypass devices. The second technique involves orofacial musculature training, which includes a nasal airflow-inducing maneuver known as the “polite yawning technique.” This maneuver creates negative pressure in the oropharynx, resulting in the induction of nasal airflow and potentially improving olfaction. Additionally, rehabilitation through biofeedback can facilitate airflow in the nasal cavity, further enhancing the sense of smell. In this review, we will introduce the principles, pathogenesis, and various techniques of olfactory rehabilitation, as well as summarize the outcomes of olfactory rehabilitation efforts.

The outcome of solid organ and bone marrow transplantation has been dramatically improved with the development of immunosuppressive agent. However, the use of immunosuppressive agents could increase the risk of malignancies such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). PTLD is regarded as the lymphoid malignancy of patients using immunosuppressive agents, and it could present diverse and non-specific symptoms. It involves various organs including the tonsil, adenoid, lymph node, and the brain. Because of its poor prognosis, an early suspicion of pathologic diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of PTLD. In this report, we demonstrate the case of three pediatric patients who had been treated for PTLD of various clinical presentations by early suspicion and pathologic diagnosis.
Adenoids ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Head* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders* ; Neck* ; Palatine Tonsil ; Prognosis

Nasal septal perforation (NSP) is a common complication of nasal surgery and can cause nasal obstruction, crust, and epistaxis. Many surgical methods have been introduced for repair of NSP, among which mucosal flap and artificial dermis have been widely used. However, mucosal graft can shrink and migrate and is difficult to fix at the perforation site. Mucosal advancement flap requires a wide extent of septal mucosa dissection, and artificial dermis can cause nasal obstruction because of its bulkiness and lower biocompatibility than autologous mucosa. To overcome these problems, we reported successful outcomes in 4 cases of small NSP by free mucosal graft with bioscaffold.

Keratoacanthoma is the epidermal tumor characterized by the benign course such as rapid growth and spontaneous resolution. Rarely keratoacanthoma invades adjacent structures. Therefore, controversies have arisen about the biologic behavior whether keratoacanthoma is a benign tumor or a variant of low grade cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of the recurred keratoacanthoma at the nasal vestibule treated with the surgical excision and the reconstruction by local bilobed rotation flap in a 54-year old female whose final pathology was confirmed as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma* ; Pathology

Upper airway tuberculosis usually develops as a secondary infection from pulmonary tuberculosis, and primary upper airway tuberculosis, especially in nasopharynx, is a rare disease. The appropriate treatment for nasopharyngeal tuberculosis has been difficult because of complicated initial diagnosis and suspicion. Physicians should consider various granulomatous diseases in differential diagnosis. However, upper airway tuberculosis can be highly contagious, like pulmonary tuberculosis; therefore, early diagnosis and proper management are important. We recently experienced the successful early diagnosis and treatment of two cases of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis and report these cases with a review of the literature.
Coinfection ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Nasopharynx* ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Orbital complications after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), such as optic nerve or medial rectus injuries, are well known, but isolated complete oculomotor nerve palsy has never been reported. In this case, a 31-year-old male was transferred to our hospital after ESS. Physical examination showed complete left oculomotor nerve palsy, with a bony defect on the sellar floor, which had not fully recovered after more than 1 year. We hypothesized that blunt trauma could be the main cause of the oculomotor palsy. Surgeons performing ESS must keep in mind the possibility of oculomotor palsy due to blunt trauma, especially when operating around the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinus.
Adult ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Humans ; Male ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Paralysis ; Physical Examination

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP), medialization thyroplasty (MT), arytenoid adduction (AA) and injection layrngoplasty (IL) are the most common procedures to correct phonatory problems. There is no consensus that which procedure is superior to the other for correcting the glottal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the phonatory parameters between MT, AA and AA with IL (AA+IL) in patients with unilateral VFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients from 2005 to 2016. Total 72 patients (49 male, 23 female, mean age 54.5 years) were classified into three groups ; MT (n=28), AA (n=12), and AA+IL (n=32). GRBAS scales, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 and VHI-30 were preoperatively and postoperatively collected and compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Age, gender and cause of VFP were not significantly different between the three groups. In MT and AA groups, MPT, VHI, G (overall grade) and B (breathiness) were significantly improved. In AA+IL group, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT, VHI, G and B were significantly improved. In analysis of differences (pre-postoperative values), Δ jitter (p < 0.001), Δ shimmer (p=0.031), and Δ NHR (p=0.002) were significantly different and AA+IL group showed the greatest improvement. CONCLUSION: Analysis of voice parameters showed that all the three procedures for patients with unilateral VFP are effective in the improvement of voice ; especially in MPT, VHI-10, G and B scales. Compared to the others, AA+IL provided the better acoustic values including jitter, shimmer and NHR.
Acoustics ; Consensus ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngoplasty* ; Male ; Noise ; Paralysis* ; Phonation ; Retrospective Studies ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice* ; Weights and Measures