Since the beginning of the surgery studies,disparities among medical students have existed. In order to avoid the disparities becoming more series among medical students in their surgery studies,based on author’s teaching experience in disparity teaching practices for the past few years,this article focuses on four aspects to expatiate: disparities of students,optimizing of teaching content,selection of teaching instrument and promotion of teacher’s self-quality.

Databases of PubMed,CNKI,ScienceDirect and Wanfang were searched,and the literatures were selected from 1990 to 2014,to review the studies of tolvaptan on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD).ADPKD is a chronic progressive disease which significantly enhance the economy burden and death rate.No specific drug can be used to treat or prevent the progress of ADPKD.Tolvaptan applicated in early phase could prolong the progress of ADPKD,but with frequent and serious adverse events.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and economic evaluation of appropriate technique for hypertension in community.Methods Systematic management,behavioral intervention and drug intervention were promoted for a period of 2 years in the community and the related index changes were observed after 2 years.Results After promoting appropriate technique,the hypertension knowledge,skill level in medical staff were improved (P ＜ 0.01).The treatment rate,control rate of hypertension were higher than 2 years ago (P ＜ 0.01).The average monthly cost of hypertensive patients was reduced(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is effective to promote appropriate technique of hypertension in community.

Objective To choose the best surgical procedure,the surgical results and clinical outcomes of inguinal hernia repair with either an open anterior or posterior approach,were studied.Methods The 366 cases of inguinal hernia patients according to surgical side approach in different ways,is divided into A,B groups,Among group A of 186 cases repaired with application of prolene hernia system (PHS) via anterior approach,while group B of 180 cases surgically treated with Kugel technique with a posterior approach,and surgical procedure,postoperative recovery and complications were compared between these two groups,respectively.Results No significant differences were found in operation time,hospital stay,incisional infection rate and the recurrence rate (P ＞ 0.05).However,compared with group,the group B patients had less pain of the wound,slight postoperative swelling response,less foreign body aesthesis and hydrocele(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the anterior approach surgery,the posterior approach (Kugel technique) has less traumatic,low complication rate and rapid recovery after operation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of zoledronic acid in the treatment of senile unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures with anatomical locking plate. Methods 67 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Five days after the operation, group A received one intravenous injection of 5 mg zoledronic acid, while patients in group B did not receive the injection. The two groups were compared in terms of hospitalization time, complications, limb weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, hip function score after operation, preoperative and postoperative serum calcium and serum ALP, bone mineral density of proximal femur before operation and 1 year after operation. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, type of fracture, hospital stay, partial weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, hip function at 1 month and 1 year after operation, preoperative bone mineral density and blood calcium. But the differences were statistically different in hip function at 3 months after operation , averaged bone mineral density of proximal femur and serum ALP 1 year after operation. Moreover, 5 patients in group A developed muscle pain or fever after intravenous injection of zoledronic acid. Conclusion The locking plate combined with zoledronic acid injection in treatment of elderly patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture could inhibit bone loss, increase bone mineral density, and accelerate limb function recovery after operation. On the other hand, Zoledronic acid has a high incidence of adverse reaction.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of vascularized fibular flap transplantation and vancomycin sulfate calcium on chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia and bone defects.Methods A total of 35 cases with chronic tibial osteomyelitis and bone defect were involved and divided into group A with 21 cases receiving anastomosis of vascularized fibular flap transplantation and group B with 14 cases recciving vancomycin sulfate calcium.Infection control rate and Enneking score were compared in both groups.Simultaneous detection of two groups preoperative,postoperative 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months of the levels of CRP and PCT were conducted.Results Postoperative CRP and PCT were under control in both groups.No statistical significance was found in the comparison of CRP and PCT preoperative and postoperative 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months.In terms of infection control rate,two groups had no signiticant difference (P ＞ 0.05) and there was statistical significance of the comparison of postoperative Enneking score (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical results of the two methods are satisfied.The infection degree and the length of the bone defect are decisive factors in choosing the treatment method and sometimes the combination of two treatment methods may be a better choice.

Objective: To investigate the stamina,the role of antioxidant system in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and the effect of fish oil treatment in rats.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats(SD) were randomly divided into three groups,including SAP group(sodium chloride treatment ) (group NSG,n=12),fish oil treatment group (group FOG,n=12),and control group (group CG,n=12).SAP was induced by intergraded injection of 3.5% sodium tanrocholate to biliopancreatic duct of SD rats in group NSG and FOG.The group NSG rats were treated by subcutaneous injection of sodium chloride,while the group FOG rats were treated by subcutaneous injection of fish oil for 7 days.Then the improved tail suspension test was observed at the first,third,fifth,seventh day.12 rats in each group were respectively sacrificed after 7 day.The activity of serum antioxidant enzymes (MDA,GSH-PH) and the concentration of serum amylase were measured in each group,and the levels of threshold on the area and the total immobility time were measured in each group.The severity of pancreatitis was analyzed according to the histopathological morphology.Results: Compared to group NSG,the severity of pancreatitis was significantly decreased in group FOG.The activity of MDA was significantly increased in group NSG than that in group CG (P<0.01) ,while the activity of MDA in group FOG was decreased than that in group NSG (P<0.05) .The activity of GSH-PH was significantly decreased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the activity of GSH-PH was increased in group GOG than that in group NSG (P<0.05).THE level of threshold on the area was decreased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the level of threshold on the area was increased in group GOG than that in group NSG.(P<0.01) The total immobility time was significantly increased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the total immobility time was decreased in group GOG than that in group NSG(P<0.05).MDA was associated with the level of threshold on the area and the total immobility time.Conclusion: Fish oil has a positive effect on the activity of antioxidant system and behavior character in SAP rats.

BACKGROUND:Chinese herb Cape Jasmine Fruit can activate the chondrocytes and geniposide is an important component in this herb.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of geniposide on col agen II synthesis in rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro. METHODS:Rat chondrocytes were separated and cultured in vitro. The chondrocytes were then interfered with 25, 50 and 100 mmol/L geniposide. Normal control group was also set. Col agen II mRNA and protein expression was detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:RT-PCR and western blot analysis results showed that, geniposide at 25, 50 and 100 mmol/L increased the col agen II mRNA and protein expression (P<0.01). Geniposide can promote the synthesis of col agen II in rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

A stable and reliable infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) model in rats was established in order to study the pathophysiological mechanism and pathological development rule of INP and explore the new therapeutic methods for the diseases. Forty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The animals in group A received the injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct and those in group B underwent that of E. coli into the pancreatic duct. The rats in groups C, D and E were subjected to the injection of 5% sodium taurocholate in combination with different concentrations of E. coli (10(3), 10(4), 10(5)/mL, respectively) into the pancreatic duct. The dose of injection was 0.1 mL/100 g and the velocity of injection was 0.2 mL/min in all the 5 groups. Eight h after the injection, the survival rate of animals was recorded and the surviving rats were killed to determine the serum content of amylase and perform pathological examination and germ cultivation of the pancreatic tissue. The results showed that acute necrotizing pancreatitis model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The positive rate of germ cultivation in group A was 12.5%. The acute necrotizing pancreatitis model was not induced by injection of E. coli into the pancreatic duct and the positive rate of germ cultivation in group B was 0. The INP model was established in groups C to E. The positive rate of germ cultivation was 60%, 100% and 100% and 8-h survival rate 100%, 100% and 70% in groups C, D and E, respectively. It was concluded that a stable and reliable model of INP was established by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate in combination with 10(4)/mL E. coli into the pancreatic duct with a dose of 0.1 mL/100 g and a velocity of 0.2 mL/min. The pathogenesis of INP might be that the hemorrhage and necrosis of pancreatic tissue induced by sodium taurocholate results in weakness of pancreatic tissue in fighting against the germs. Meanwhile, the necrotic pancreatic tissue provides a good proliferative environment for the germs.
Cholagogues and Choleretics/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Pancreas/microbiology ; Pancreatic Ducts/enzymology ; Pancreatic Ducts/microbiology ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/*chemically induced ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/*microbiology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurocholic Acid/*pharmacology ; Time Factors

Objective : To estimate the risk threshold of route index（RI）and mosq-ovitrap index（MOI）based on Breteau index（BI）,as supplements for dengue fever risk monitoring in specific habitats. Methods : Two towns and two streets were selected from nine towns（streets）in Jiashan County,and then one village（community）was selected from each of them as a Aedes albopictus monitoring site. The BI,RI and MOI were employed at the same time and area from April to October in the year 2018. Linear regression models were built with RI,MOI and BI to calculate the dengue risk threshold of RI and MOI according to BI. Results : The linear regression model of BI（X）and RI（Y）was Y=0.145+0.662X（P<0.05）,of BI（X）and MOI（Y）was Y=3.423+0.524X（P<0.05）. If BI=5（having risk of transmission of dengue fever）,then RI=3.455（95%CI：1.717-5.198）,MOI=6.043（95%CI：-0.327-12.417）. If BI=10（having risk of outbreak）,then RI=6.765（95%CI：5.018-8.518）,MOI=8.663（95%CI：2.260-15.071）. If BI=20（having risk of epidemic）,then RI=13.385（95%CI：11.326-15.453）,MOI=13.903（95%CI：6.352-21.461）. Conclusion The dengue fever risk threshold of RI estimated by BI had a narrow 95%CI and could be applied for dengue fever risk assessment,while the risk threshold of MOI had a wide 95%CI and the application value needed further study.