Chemotherapy is one of main treatments for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) except radiation therapy. Improving and optimizing chemotherapeutic regimen are helpful to improve the therapeutic effects and reduce side effects. At present, concurrent chemoradiotherapy still is the standard treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Induced chemotherapy has been shown superiority, but the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy needs further study. This paper analyzed the superior and inferior, effect and side effect of all kinds of chemotherapeutic methods or scheme including induced chemotherapy, concurrent chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy and introduced simply the mechanism and clinical effect of new drugs of anticancer. It was hoped to offer some reference for the selection of chemotherapy for NPC.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of PD173074 on proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: With immunoblotting and RT-PCR, FGFR1 expression was detected in CNE, PONE1 and C666-1 cell lines. With MTT assay,the time-effect and dose-effect correlation between PD173074 and inhibition of CNE proliferation was evaluated. After PD173074 stimulation, the phosphorylation level of FGFR1 and AKT was detected with immunoblotting assay. Furthermore, influence of PD173074 on the activation of Caspase3 and Caspase9 was detected to study the underlying mechanism of why PD173074 could inhibit CNE proliferation. RESULT: FGFR1 has the highest expression in CNE cell line. Under incubation of 10 nmol/L PD173074 stimulation for 36 hours to 72 hours, the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and AKT was impaired significantly, which further reduced the proliferation of CNE. Moreover, PD173074 can activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by stimulating Caspase9,which activated Caspase3 and induced the apoptosis. CONCLUSION PD173074 could inhibit proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell through reducing the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and AKT. Additionally, PD173074 can induce CNE apoptosis by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway via cleaving Caspase9 and Caspase3.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional status and nosocomial infection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after the chemoradiotherapy treatment. METHOD: An analysis was made for the nutritional and nosocomial infection status of 82 cases before and after chemoradiotherapy treatment. RESULT: Statistically significant differences were revealed between indexes related with nutritional status such as body mass, hemoglobin, serum albumin before and after the treatment. Sixty-three patients occurred nosocomial infection. The infection rate was 76.83%. The main risk factor was oropharynx mucosal lesion and the rate is 92.68%. Isolates of 39 bacteria were found, of which Gram-negative organisms were 58.97%, Fungi were 30.77%, Gram-positive ones were 7.69%, Herpes zoster were 2.56%. CONCLUSION Chemoradiotherapy has negative influence on nutritional status of patients. Medical personnel should pay attention to patients' nutritional status and do a good job of nutritional status monitoring, nutrition support, dieting guidance, reducing side effects, in order to improve the patient's tolerability and quality of life. The nosocomial infection rate of Gram-negative bacteria of oropharyngeal mucosal is the highest in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer during chemoradiotherapy. It is very important for us to prevent and control nosocomial infection.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; radiotherapy ; Nutritional Status ; Risk Factors

Between January 1971 and December 1987, 113 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were treated by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in the department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital. There were 19 patients under thirty years of age. The histology was undifferentiated carcinoma in 68% of the younger patients as compared to 47% of the older patients. Sex, stage, initial symptoms and treatment modalities differed little from those of older patients. In younger patients, the initial complete response rate was 79% as compared to older patients with 54%, distant metastases were more common and the overall five year survival rate was not significantly different between the two age groups (33.7% for the young vs. 37.4% for the old). The five year survival rates for stage III and IV were 60.0% and 24.5%, respectively. Histologic subtype was not correlated with survival. The best survival was found only in patients who obtained a complete clearance of disease after radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is suggested as an important target for further study.
Carcinoma ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiation Oncology ; Survival Rate

p style=text-align: justify;strongOBJECTIVE:/strong To describe an unusual presentation of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal malignancy with immunohistochemical features of both diffuse B-cell lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinomastrong./strongbr /br /strongMETHODS:/strongbr /strongDesign:/strong Case Reportbr /strongSetting/strong: Tertiary Private University Hospital br /strongPatient:/strong Onebr /br /strongRESULTS:/strong A 49-year-old female whose initial nasopharyngeal biopsy interpretation was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent three cycles of Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin and Prednisone (R-CHOP). Post-chemotherapy Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the nasopharynx revealed no change in tumor size or appearance. Repeat nasopharyngeal (NP) biopsy findings suggested an epithelial tumor lineage or post-chemotherapy reactive mucosal epithelial cells. No residual lymphoma was noted and immunostaining was positive for cytokeratin. The patient underwent 35 fractions of radiotherapy. Re-evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with contrast after four months showed significant tumor shrinkage. Repeat NP biopsy revealed necrotic tissues with foci of high-grade squamous cell carcinoma. Two months after the biopsy, repeat MRI with contrast of the nasopharynx and neck showed increase in the bulk of the nasopharyngeal tumor with inferior extension to the level of the orophaynx and possible contralateral involvement. A nasopharyngectomy via left maxillary swing was performed and the final histopathology was undifferentiated carcinoma.br /br /strongCONCLUSION:/strong Undifferentiated malignancies of the nasopharynx may contain lymphoma or carcinoma and rarely, both lineages in coexistence. In such cases, the possibility of a collision tumor should be considered. Immunohistochemical distinction is important for treatment and prognostication./p
Human ; Female ; Middle Aged ; NASOPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS-drug therapy ; NASOPHARYNX ; LYMPHOMA ; CARCINOMA ; Cyclophosphamide ; Vincristine ; Prednisone

NPC is a high incidence of malignant tumors of the head and neck, and is currently used mainly radiotherapy based, supplemented by a comprehensive treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which have serious complications and serious impact on the treatment of patients and quality of life. Polyphenols are the main component of tea. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols have a significant anti-tumor effect of im proving the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reducing radiation damage, reducing conventional chemo therapy drugs IC50 and reducing the complications of chemotherapy. Tea polyphenols in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has also made great progress. It has a strong inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and can greatly reduce the occurrence of xerostomia after radiotherapy, which is of important clinical research value.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Polyphenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Tea ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) and the treatment of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHOD: The expression of ERCC1 protein in 107 cases with NPC and in 48 normal nasopharyngeal tissues adjacent to the cancer was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: High expression of ERCC1 was observed in 52 cases with NPC, and 18 cases normal nasopharyngeal tissues, there was no statistically significant differences between them. The expression of ERCC1 protein was significant correlated with patient total TNM stage, but not significantly correlated with age, gender, histological type, T stage and N stage. The recent treatment efficiency in Low ER-CCl expression cases was higher than high expression cases. There was statistically significant difference between them. In 97 follow-up cases, 2 cases died, 5 cases with liver and lung metastasis, there was no statistically significant difference between them. CONCLUSION ERCC1 expression maybe regarded as indicator platinum based chemotherapy sensitivity prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and also helpful for formulating individualized treatment. The immunohistochemical detection is also simple and effective detection method for ERCC1 expression.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Endonucleases ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation of the tympanic injection of triamcinolone acetonide, middle ear pressure (MEP) and radioactive secretory otitis media (RSOM) with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. METHOD: Fifty-two patients suffering NPC without otitis media before radiotherapy were randomly divided into three groups. 17 cases with 34 ears were distributed into treatment group I, and radiotherapy 1 hour before the start of each side of the tympanic cavity injection of triamcinolone acetonide injection, 1-7 weeks 1 times a week. Treatment group I had 17 cases with 34 ears,and radiotherapy 1 hour before the start of each side of the tympanic cavity injection of triamcinolone acetonide injection, 1-12 weeks 1 times a week. And control group consisted of 18 cases with 36 ears who didn't accept such treatment. In all 104 ears, MEP was tested at the begin of radiotherapy and the end of 1st, 2nd, 3rd month after radiotherapy. RESULT: From the beginning of radiotherapy to the end of th 1st, 2nd, 3rd month after radiotherapy, the morbidity of RSOM gradually increased and MEP decreased in the treatment group I , II and the control group, in which treatment group II showed the lowest morbidity of RSOM and MEP was maximum (P < 0.01), and the treatment group I showed the lower morbidity of RSOM and MEP was greater (P < 0. 05), while the control group showed the highest morbidity of RSOM and MEP was minimum (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Tympanic injection of triamcinolone acetonide could reduce radiation injury, and medication time was positively correlated with the MEP, and a negative correlation with RSOM morbidity, and the longer treatment, the more significant the effect is. The difference is most obvious at the end of 3rd month after radiotherapy. It may be due to the more active repairation after radiation damage in middle ears, but long-term efficacy must continue to observe.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Injections ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; drug therapy ; Radiation Injuries ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; administration & dosage

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the disease control rate and survival time are able to be greatly improved by enhancing the radiosensitivity. Via mechanisms such as binding to target genes mRNA 3'untranslated region (3'UTR), microRNA (miRNA) inhibits translation, which therefore regulates transcription of target genes and thus affect target protein expression. Recent research showed that miRNAs play significant roles in improvement of radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This article reviews mechanism of miRNA action to strengthen radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the future of clinical practice of miRNA in this disease.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; pharmacology ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of sho-saiko-to compound (SSTC) on the growth of the well-differentiated squamous cell line 1 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-1) and well-differentiated CNE-2 in tumor-bearing nude mouse, and try to supply scientific data for its clinical development.

METHODSSTC were prepared by concentration gradients, and the effect of SSTC on the growth and proliferation of the CNE-1 and CNE-2 were investigated by MT assay and soft-agar colony formation test. After setting up the subcutaneous tumor-bearing nude mouse model at the right lower back (0.2 mL CNE-2 cell suspension, 5 x 10(5)/mL), we randomly divided forty mice into 5 groups and gave high, middle and low concentration groups of SSTC (0.5, 0.25, 0.125 g X mL(-1) by intragastric administration. Positive and negative groups were set up for comparison. After constant administration for 15 days, the volume and weight of the tumor were measured for inhibition rate, so as to investigate the role of SSTC on the CNE-2 bearing tumor.

RESULTIn vitro, compared with negative control, SSTC at different gradient concentrations were cultured with the CNE-1 and CNE-2 for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. It showed that the growth and proliferation of both cell lines were inhibited to some extent. The inhibition rate was increased as the concentration and culture time increasing. Both MTT assay and soft-agar colony formation test showed that the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was about 2.5 g X L(-1). In vivo, compared with negative control, the SSTC could slow down the tumor growth in the SSTC treated groups. The tumor growth of the negative control group (0.76 +/- 0.28) g, (962.88 +/- 245.96) mm3 and the low concentration group of SSTC (0.88 +/- 0.40) g, (1239.66 +/- 421.93) mm3 were obviously faster than those of the high, middle concentration group of SSTC (0.22 +/- 0.14) g, (239.31 +/- 137.07) mm3; (0.20 +/- 0.16) g, (263.42 +/- 166.57) mm3 and CTX positive control group (0.20 +/- 0.10) g, (246.72 +/- 194.6) mm3 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSTC could efficiently inhibit the growth and proliferation of CNE-1 and CNE-2 in vitro, and slow down the tumor growth of the CNE-2 bearing nude mice. It may be a new compound of Chinese medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.

Animals ; Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Transplantation, Heterologous