OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of allergic factores in eosinophilic nasal polyps. METHOD: Clinical characters of 67 eosinophilic nasal polyps patients and 26 lymphocyte nasal polyps patients were restrospeetively analyzed. Allergic factors, allergens and nasal anatomic variations were compared between two groups. RESULT: Allergic factors are proned to present in eosinophilic nasal polyps group compared with lymphocyte nasal polyps group; The positive rates of allergen skin test between eosinophilic nasal polyps group and lymphocyte nasal polyps group showed significant difference; Allergens in eosinophilic nasal polyps group are different from lymphocyte nasal polyps group; Nasal anatomic variations are different between two groups. CONCLUSION Different pathogenesis maybe exist in different pathological type nasal polyps. Allergic factors are closely relative to eosinophilic nasal polyps and nasal anatomic variations play a more important role in the formation of lymhocyte nasal polyps.
Allergens ; immunology ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Skin Tests

To confirm local production of IgE, and evaluate role of immunoglobulins on eosinophil activation in nasal polyp (NP) tissue, we measured IgG, IgA, secretory IgA(sIgA), total (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(DP) by ELISA in NP tissue homogenates from 51 subjects. They were classified according to skin reactivity to DP: group I, 15 highly atopic subjects; group II, 18 weakly atopic subjects; and group III, 18 non-atopic subjects. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level was measured by CAP system. Highest level of DP-sIgE was noted in group I, followed by group II and III (p<0.05). Nine (60%) of group I and 4 (22%) of group II subjects had detectable level of DP-sIgE with no significant differences in IgA, sIgA, and IgG. All of NP tissue had eosinophilic infiltration with no significant difference in activated eosinophil count or ECP level among 3 groups. A significant correlation was noted between EG2+ cell count and tIgE (r=0.55, p<0.05), and DP-sIgE level (r=0.60, p<0.05). A significant correlation was also noted between ECP and IgG (r=0.51, p<0.05) and DP-sIgE level (r=0.47, p<0.05) with no significant correlation with IgA or sIgA. These results suggest that DP-sIgE was detectable in NP tissue from weakly atopic subjects as well as highly atopic subjects. IgG and sIgE may have potential roles in eosinophil degranulation in NP tissue.
Blood Proteins/analysis ; Cell Degranulation/immunology ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis/*immunology ; Nasal Polyps/*immunology/pathology ; *Ribonucleases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression levels of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and explore the role of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in the progression of CRSwNP. METHOD: Forty-six cases with CRSwNP served as an experimental group, while 22 cases with simple nasal bleeding or nasal septum deviation served as a control group. The peripheral blood of patients in both groups was collected and analyzed. (1) Using flow cytometry (FCM) to detect the expression rates of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood. (2) Using qRT-PCR to detect the expression of relevant transcription factor of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells (IL-9mRNA, PU. 1, IRF-4, RoRc, and Foxp3). (3) Using SPSS16.0 to analyse the differentiations and the revelance among these three cells. RESULT: (1) The expression rates of Th9 and Th17 cells in patients with CRSwNP (1.29% ± 0.18%, 4.03% ± 0.69%) was higher than the control group (0.45% ± 0.14%, 1.35% ± 0.26%). But the expression rates of Treg cells in the experimental group (2.98% ± 0.13%) was significantly lower than the control group (5.44% ± 0.57%). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of revelant transcription factor (IL-9mRNA, PU.1, IRF-4, RoRc) in NP group was also higher than the control group. The expression of Foxp3 in the control group was higher than NP, the differences both were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The difference between Th9 and Th17 in patients with NP was not significant (P > 0.05), and the negative correlation was found between Th17 and Treg (r = -0.549, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The high expression level of Th9 and Th17 cells might promote the development of NP, whereas the low expression level of Treg cells might further aggravate the occurrence of NP. The main function of the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells may be immune regulation in the pathogenesis of nasal polys.
Case-Control Studies ; Cell Differentiation ; Disease Progression ; Epistaxis ; Flow Cytometry ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; pathology ; Nasal Septum ; abnormalities ; Rhinitis ; immunology ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of IgG4-positive plasma cells in inflammatory disease of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and its association with IgG4-related sclerosing disease (IgG4-SD).

METHODSThe expression of IgG4 and IgG in plasma cells of 103 cases diagnosed as inflammatory disease of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was studied by immunohistochemistry (EnVision) and quantitatively analyzed by medical image analysis system.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical study showed marked infiltration by IgG4-positive plasma cells (>50 per high-power field) in 28 cases, moderate infiltration (30 to 50 per high-power field) in 23 cases, mild (10 to 29 per high-power field) in 30 cases and negative (<10 per high-power field) in 22 cases (P < 0.05). Twenty-two cases studied fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of IgG4-SD (>50 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high-power field and IgG4-to-IgG ratio > 40%), including 3 cases of chronic sinusitis (3/20), 3 cases of nasal polyps (3/18), 3 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor (3/17), 4 cases of fungal sinusitis (4/20), 1 case of rhinoscleroma (1/12), 7 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis (7/11) and 1 case of Rosai-Dorfman disease (1/2).

CONCLUSIONInflammatory disease of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses fulfilling the diagnostic criteria IgG4-SD is not uncommon. Definitive diagnosis of IgG4-SD requires correlation with other clinical and laboratory findings. Some cases of unexplained inflammatory disease of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus may represent a member of the IgG4-SD spectrum. IgG4 carries diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of inflammatory disease occurring in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; immunology ; pathology ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nose Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; immunology ; pathology ; Plasma Cells ; immunology ; Rhinoscleroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of TLR-9 protein in primary epithelial cell cultures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and then explore the role of innate immune recognition in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. METHOD: Primary epithelial cell cultures were established in 10 controls and 10 CRSwNP patients who underwent sinus surgery, and flow cytometry was used to confirm its purity and measure the expression of TLR-9 protein. RESULT: By digestive method 98% of cultured primary nasal mucosa cells were epithelial cells and the expression of TLR-9 protein in CRSwNP group (11%-15%) was lower than that in normal group (49%-60%). CONCLUSION This finding suggests that impaired innate immune responses via TLR-9 on sinonasal epithelial cells may involve in pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cells, Cultured ; Chronic Disease ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R) in nasal polyps and its relationship with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: The mRNA and protein expression of IGF-1R in 40 cases (20 cases with allergic rhinitis and 20 cases without) nasal polyps tissue (the CRSWNP group) and 20 middle turbinate tissue samples (the control group) were examined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: The positive staining rate of IGF-1R protein of nasal polyps tissue is 70.8% and that of control is 12.3%, the expression of IGF-1R mRNA of nasal polyp is 0.748 +/- 0.111,which is significant higher than that of the control group is 0.107 +/- 0.208 (P < 0.01). No significant difference of the expression of IGF-1R mRNA between with and without allergic rhinitis cases and between with and without endoscopy sinus surgery history cases in the CRSWNP group. CONCLUSION The overexpression of IGF-1R maybe play important roles in the formation of nasal polyp. Hypersensitivity reaction type I mediated by IgE has no contribution to the overexpression of the IGF-1R.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To confirm the local production of IgE antibody from the nasal polyp tissue, and to evaluate the difference between atopics and non-atopics, nasal polyp tissues were taken from both 10 atopic and 10 non-atopic subjects. The tissue total IgE (tlgE) level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum tlgE level by radio-immunoassay. The tissue albumin level was measured by nephelometry, and serum albumin level by Bromocresol green method. RESULTS: The polyp tissue tlgE/albumin as well as serum tlgE/albumin ratio were significantly higher in atopics than in non-atopics (p < 0.05), with no difference in the albumin level between the two groups (p > 0.05). Three non-atopic subjects had high polyp tissue tlgE/albumin (> 10). A significant correlation was noted between serum tlgE/albumin and polyp tlgE/albumin (r = 0.46, p = 0.04). The ratio of polyp tlgE/albumin to serum tlgE/albumin was greater than 1 in all of the non-atopic subjects and 7 of 10 atopic subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that IgE antibody could be locally produced from the nasal polyp tissue of non-atopic subjects as well as atopic subjects. The possibility of an isolated local production of IgE antibody was suggested.
Albumins/analysis ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/analysis* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Comparative Study ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology* ; IgE/biosynthesis* ; IgE/analysis ; Male ; Nasal Polyps/pathology ; Nasal Polyps/immunology* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reference Values ; Tissue Culture ; Substances: IgE ; Substances: Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Substances: Albumins